巻号一覧
28 巻, 4 号
選択された号の論文の14件中1～14を表示しています
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五十嵐 清1962 年 28 巻 4 号 p. 393-398
発行日: 1962/04/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe formation of the scutes in ten-seined sticleback, Pungitius sinensis (GUICHENOT) does not arise until the fish grows to 20mm in total length. Their development starts from the side of caudal peduncle and runs toward the anterior region of the lateral side of the body. The scutes in their early developmental stage are quite similar to scale-like particles, so called by YOSHINO and HAMADA (1950) and KOBAYASI and KAMIYA (1961) etc. By adding scale material, main and lateral ridges, these structures are gradually transformed into the scutes with characteristics peculiar to this fish.
The contour of the completed typical scutes with mucous tube, main and network lateral ridges is rhombic in those found in the region of caudal peduncle and square in the anterior portion of lateral line. But a few small scutes in the anterior most portion of lateral line fail to develop, and they remain permanently in the state of scale-like particles. This fact shows at a glance that we can conjecture the scutes are formed by the gradual transformation from the scale-like particles in this fish.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1593K) -
産卵場の水深と産卵魚の体型石田 力三1962 年 28 巻 4 号 p. 399-404
発行日: 1962/04/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーOn the depth of water of the spawning grounds of the Ayu, several observations have been reported, but there are noticeable discrepancies among them and the reason for the discrepancies has not yet been pursued thoroughly.
The present study was undertaken to secure information on this problem with special regards to the relationships between the size of spawners and the depth of water of the spawning grounds. The study consists of observations carried out in the Sagami River in Kanagawa Prefecture and experiments performed in rearing ponds of the Freshwater Fisheries Research Laboratory at Hino, Tokyo. In the field observations, the depth of water of five representative spawning grounds in Sagami River and the size of spawners sampled there were measured. In the experiments, artificial spawning beds of different depths were prepared in the ponds and the depth of the beds where spawners of different sizes laid their eggs were determined (Fig. 1).
The results obtained were as follows;
1) At natural spawning grounds, large spawners tend to gather about deep streams, and small spawners shallow streams (Table 1).
2) In experimental ponds, small spawners less than 13.6cm in length spawned exclusively on beds 50cm or less in depth. While large spawners more than 15.Ocm exercised no definite selection on the depth of spawning bed (though they often spawned on deep beds more than 50cm in depth).
3) Besides the depth of water, the size composition of bottom gravel has a significant effect on the spawning of the species, small spawners tend to select bottom of smaller gravel as their spawning beds than large spawners; generally in spawning grounds of the “shallow stream type” the current is less rapid and the gravels are smaller than in the case of the “deep stream type.” Accordingly it may be said that shallow streams have conditions suitable to requirements of small spawners, and vice versa (ISHIDA, 1961).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (406K) -
森 勇1962 年 28 巻 4 号 p. 405-408
発行日: 1962/04/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe present author has studied on the hydrographic conditions in jack mackerel and mackerel fishing grounds by the purse-seine in the East China Sea.
The most important fish species of the catches is the jack mackerel, but the mackerel also caught together with the jack mackerel. The water temperature in well catch conditions is from 13°C in winter to 21°C in spring and the chlorinity ranges from 17.50 Cl ‰ to 19.30 Cl ‰.
In view point of the oceanographic structure, it seems that the most important purse-seine fishing grounds for the jack mackerel cover the sea areas which are intermediate zones between the cold water masses extruded from the Yellow Sea and the warm Kuroshio Current in the East China Sea.
Especially the sea areas near the coastal water masses in the intermediate zones are valuable as the main fishing grounds in spring.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (285K) -
成熟にともなう生殖巣の形態変化と排卵過程野村 稔1962 年 28 巻 4 号 p. 409-416
発行日: 1962/04/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーMore than 104 live specimens reared in ponds were observed during the maturation and the differentiation of gonads under macroscopical anatomy derived the results as follows. A review on the subject was given firstly.
The main structure of ovary of rainbow trout is about the same as that of Oncorhynchus described by KENDALL, W. C. (1921). The ovary is nearly triangular in shape and its one side in each organ is not covered by the ovarian membrane, but open to the body cavity.
In immature stages, this uncovered side faces to inward of the body caivty on the right organ and to the ventral side of air bladder on the left organ (Stage I). As maturation advances, the uncovered part begins to turn round gradually outward and faces directly to the lateral peritoneal wall (Stage II). After this stage, ovarian membrane and lamellae which contain mature eggs shrink in a shorter period and turn into spent ovary positioned on the anterior ventral part of the air bladder, leaving mature eggs in pieces in the body cavity (Stage III).
The Stage I lasts from earlier part of the year to September when the organs develope into the structure as shown in Fig. 4, A; the Stage II from September up to full maturation immediately prior to spawning (Fig. 4, B), the growth of ovary taking place rapidly after September; the Stage III, lasting only 4 to 5 days, precedes spawning (Fig. 4, C).
Fatty tissue in the body cavity reduces in amount, and the intestine and stomach are moved upward during maturation process of ovary, Stages I to III.
The eggs, it was confirmed in the present study, cannot be collected in the trough formed by the extension of peritoneal membrane surrounding the ovary, without falling into the body cavity as described by KENDALL. The mature eggs “lie free in”, instead of “fall into” (as described hitherto), the body cavity by the contraction of ovarian membrane and lamellae (Pl. I); with slight pressure free eggs can be forced out through the oviducal channel to the genital pore.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (3089K) -
アサリVenerupis philippinarumに対する毒性富山 哲夫, 小林 邦男, 河辺 克己1962 年 28 巻 4 号 p. 417-421
発行日: 1962/04/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーVenerupis philippinarum is a shell-fish of commercial importance along the coastal area in the Ariake sea. The shell-fish are distributed in shallow water bed which is liable to be contaminated with PCP from paddy-fields located along the coast. The toxic effect of PCP to the shell-fish, therefore, was studied by observing the rate of 32P uptake and the survival time on exposing to the test solutions, care being taken of renewing them once a day.
One-day culture in sea water containing 32P and varying PCP levels showed an appreciable decrease in the rate of 32P uptake even at a 0.1 ppm level. A marked decrease in the uptake was noted in a concentration range above 0.8 ppm where the shell-fish were observed to close their shells. When the shells were cut as shown in Fig. 1, the toxicity of PCP was found to increase about two times as much as that for the control group with intact shells.
It was noticed that under a test condition where one shell-fish was kept in one liter, PCP manifested a higher toxicity than when seven organisms kept in one liter. In the latter case, it was found that the PCP concentration in sea water was decreased sharply during 9 hours, probably due to some detoxication mechanism in the shell-fish. The present toxicity data, therefore, should be checked by keeping the shell-fish in a running PCP solution.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (285K) -
流水中のPCPおよび干潟土壌に吸着されたPCPのアサリに対する毒性富山 哲夫, 小林 邦男, 上田 登, 河辺 克己1962 年 28 巻 4 号 p. 422-425
発行日: 1962/04/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA test for the toxicity of pentachlorophenate (PCP) to a shell-fish, Venerupis philippinarum, was carried out under a continuous supply of PCP-containing sea water, since it was found in a previous work1) that the PCP concentration of sea water was decreased remarkably when the shell-fish were kept alive. Furthermore, a test was made of the toxic effect of PCP-containing mud on the shell-fish.
Data presented here revealed that when PCP was constantly supplied, the level as low as 0.1 ppm was still lethal to the shell-fish. The amount of PCP adsorbed on an estuary mud as much as 8mg/kg wet mud was found not toxic to the shell-fish at 23°C, but toxic when the amount was as high as 23mg/kg.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (277K) -
シラタのだしの呈味成分について(その1)小泉 千秋1962 年 28 巻 4 号 p. 426-430
発行日: 1962/04/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIt has been thought that when katsuobushi has lost its orginal amber color and has become ashy white from the disintegration of its muscular tissue, i. e. has become shirata, its stock is inferior in taste to that made from the normal portion of katsuobushi.
Many studies have been performed on the main tasteful components in the normal portion of katsuobushi (inosinic acid and free amino acids) but for the shirata portion there has at yet been nothing published.
The problem of whether a stock made from shirata is inferior in taste to that made from the normal portion may be resolved by a comparison of the contents of these components.
The determination of free amino acids in katsuobushi was carried out by ion exchange chromatography using Dowex 50- × 8 resin. According to the results obtained, the amount of each amino acid in the shirata portion is always less than in the normal portion. This difference is particularly remarkable for histidine, lysine and proline (Table 1).
Both Van Slyke nitrogen and various extractive nitrogen have the same tendency as the amino acids (Table 2).
The analytical results thus tell that stock made from shirata may be inferior in taste to that made from the normal potion of the katsuobushi.
Data regarding inosinic acid will be reported in the next paper.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (332K) -
シラタのだしの呈味成分について(その2)小泉 千秋1962 年 28 巻 4 号 p. 431-434
発行日: 1962/04/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーFollowing the preceding work, the content of inosinic acid in katsuobushi was determined by ion exchange chromatography using Dowex 1-× 4 resin both on the shirata and on the normal portion of the katsuobushi.
According to the result obtained, inosinic acid is always less in the shirata portion than in the normal portion (cf. No. 5, Table 1), and as has been reported by other authors2), 4), there is a wide variation in regard to inosinic acid content of individual katsuobushi (Table 1).
Therefore it seems that the shirata has some relation to the destruction of inosinic acid. The phenomenon of shirata, however, occurs firstly in the hypodermic tissue of katsuobushi and then it gradually develops in the deeper layers. Furthermore, the data on the distribution of inosinic acid in normal katsuobushi, not affected by shirata, show that inosinic acid always exists in larger amounts in the portion near the backbone than in the portion near the skin (cf. No. 6, 7, Table 1).
Therefore the difference in inosinic acid content between the shirata and the normal portion of the katsuobushi is not the result of the shirata but is the result of sampling.
The problem of whether the stock made from shirata is inferior or not to that made from normal katsuobushi is rather complicated. When the tissue of katsuobushi disintegrates into shirata its amino acid content decreases. In this case, if the katsuobushi contains less inosinic acid, its stock may be inferior to that made from normal katsuobushi, but when the katsuobushi contains much inosinic acid, the diminution of the amino acid may have little influence upon the taste of stock.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1118K) -
濃縮ビタミンAエステル製造の工業化研究(その1)曽根 博1962 年 28 巻 4 号 p. 435-440
発行日: 1962/04/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe process for manufacturing vitamin A acetate comprising acetylation of a concentrated preparation of vitamin A alcohol obtained from natural liver oil was examined of its industrial practicability.
In the present examination of esterification reaction, a concentrated preparation of vitamin A alcohol was subjected to reaction with acetic anhydride in the presence of anhydrous sodium carbonate, the formation of vitamin A acetate being promoted by constantly removing the by-produced carbondioxide under a reduced pressure.
As seen from the results shown in Tables 1, 2 and 3, which were obtained by carrying out the esterification under various reaction conditions, the esterification was found to advance to a satisfactory extent when acetic anhydride and anhydrous sodium carbonate were used in amounts greater than 45% and 25%, respectively, based on the weight of vitamin A alcohol employed, under the application of a reaction temperature of 20°C and a reaction time of 4-5 hours. The set of reaction conditions thus found as experimental satisfaction was further examined of its industrial applicability by confirmatively carrying out the acetylation on a large scale with concentrated preparations of vitamin A alcohol obtained from liver oil of various sources (see Table 4). The values found for total yield of vitamin A being as high as above 97%, gave promise of industrial adoptability of the acetylation as a means of obtaining a concentrated preparation of vitamin A notably improved in stability.
The vitamin A acetate thus tentatively prepared on an industrial scale was crystallized by dissolving in ethylformate and treating in accordance with the procedure shown in Fig. 1 into pale yellow prisms of a high grade of purity and having a vitamin A concentration of 2, 832, 000 USPU/g, the yield of vitamin A proving to be 37.11%. These crystals were not only proved to be of high purity but identified by examining their physicochemical properties inclusive of infrared absorption in reference to the data in literature (see Table 5) to consist of vitamin A acetate in trans-form.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (374K) -
濃縮ビタミンAエステル製造の工業化研究(その2)曽根 博1962 年 28 巻 4 号 p. 441-444
発行日: 1962/04/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーAs to vitamin A preparations in ester form ever reported of their manufacturing method, while acetate and palmitate are familiar as representative of such preparations, those as ester of any other fatty acid has not yet been introduced in literature, so far as the method of their preparation is concerned. The author, noticing the fact that lauric acid chloride usable in synthesizing lauric esters is industrially produced in a large amount at moderate prices, attempted to obtain by esterifying a concentrated preparation of vitamin A alcohol by means of this acid chloride a concentrated preparation of vitamin A laurate.
As reported in the present paper, he first examined some factors that affect the result of this esterification reaction and found that vitamin A alcohol can be converted at a satisfactory rate into vitamin A laurate when the esterification is started with lauric acid chloride and pyridine amounting to 84% and above 54% by weight, respectively, of the vitamin A alcohol preparation as sample and continued at a reaction temperature of 16°C for a reaction period longer than 120 minutes (see Tables 1, 2 and 3). Then, carrying out the esterification on an industrial scale under the effectual reaction conditions thus previously determined, he attained with vitamin A alcohol preparations of various animal sources such high yields of vitamin A in the form of laurate as above 97% (see Table 4), assuring the industrial practicability of the esterification with lauric acid chloride. Further, comparing the vitamin A laurate thus prepared on an industrial scale with acetate and palmitate of vitamin A with regard to some properties, the author recognized that: In respects of stability, color tone and odor the laurate was better than the acetate and approximates to the palmitate (see Tables 5 and 6), while the laurate tasted somewhat bad as compared with the acetate and the palmitate.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (320K) -
未知因子の成分組成柿本 大壱1962 年 28 巻 4 号 p. 445-447
発行日: 1962/04/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe chemical composition of an unknown factor having promoting effect on the growth of Leuconostoc citrovorum was measured and the following results were obtained.
The unknown factor contains ribose and amino acid complexes; it shows higher ribose content (about 60%) and lower amino acid complexes (about 40%).
The content of amino acid in the unknown factor is 22.0, 5.2, 4.3 and 7.4% for lysine, serine, alanine and glutamic acid, respectively (Table 1).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (220K) -
谷口 忠敬1962 年 28 巻 4 号 p. 448-452
発行日: 1962/04/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA study has been designated to determine a method of estimating the dissolved oxygen in the sea water polluted with organic matter.
Interference in the determination of the dissolved oxygen in sea water by Shibata-Miller's method, especially due to metallic ions in it, results in indistinctness of the end point of titration. But it could be avoided by using together dimethylglyoxime and potassium sodium tartarate as chelating agents. Dimethylglyoxime also acts as an indicator. The end point of titration could be made more distinctive by using methylene blue complementally as an indicator.
The procedures of the present method are as follows: Place two drops of 0.1per cent methylene blue solution at the bottom of a test tube (5 × 20cm.). Add 5ml. of liquid paraffin in the tube and pour 50ml. of sample by means of an injector under the paraffin layer. Add 7.5ml. of dimethylglyoxime-potassium sodium tartarate reagent (dimethylglyoxime 1.0g., potassium sodium tartarate 35g., and sodium hydroxide 10g. per 100ml.), and 2ml. of concentrated ammonium hydroxide along the wall of the test tube. Stirring the water layer, titrate with ferrous ammonium sulfate solution (ferrous ammonium sulfate 1.08g. and 95 per cent sulfuric acid lml.per lOOml.) until the pink color is held over 10 seconds. The ferrous ammonium sulfate solution is standardized against the distilled water saturated with oxygen. In that case, the dissolved oxygen content of the distilled water is calculated by WHIPPLE and WHIPPLE's table.
In order to test the validity of the present method, the oxygen content in sea waters containing several organic matters was estimated by the present and other methods.
a) In the sea water to which was added 0.1 per cent of organic matter such as glucose, acetic acid, citric acid, casein hydrolyzate and peptone etc., the organic matter had little or no influence on the determination of dissolved oxygen by the present method or by TOMIYAMA and KOJIMA's method. But in each case of the method of ALSTERBERG, RUCHHOFT, MOORE, and BEADLE, the value of estimation, when organic matter was added, was less than that when organic matter was not added (Table 2).
b) In the sea water polluted by the Sasebo river, the river water polluted by sewage, and the water of fish-culture pond, the values obtained by the methods of the author, and of TOMIYAMA and KOJIMA were close to that of the carbone dioxide method by WINKLER and SUGAWARA. But there was a considerable difference between the values obtained by ALSTERBERG's method and that of the carbone dioxide method. There was no appreciable difference among the four methods employed in the sea water to which were added the wastes of the starch factories (Table 3).
From the results of these experiments, it may be concluded that the present method was relatively free from interference by the presence of organic matter and gives reliable results.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (428K) -
魚肉のmyosin ATP-aseについて中野 智夫1962 年 28 巻 4 号 p. 453-455
発行日: 1962/04/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーMyosins A and B were prepared from the muscle of gibel according to a modified method of SZENT-GYÖRGYI's10). The latter substance has been obtained in a greater amount from the fish muscle than the former. Myosin B purified by repeating five times the treatment of precipitating and washing with 0.6M KCl solution and water had two optimal pH values at 6.5 and 9.0 in the action of ATP-ase as seen in Figure 2.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (165K) -
魚肉についての研究右田 正男1962 年 28 巻 4 号 p. 456-470
発行日: 1962/04/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (1387K)
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