巻号一覧
29 巻, 10 号
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ハマチの黒変魚について木村 正雄1963 年 29 巻 10 号 p. 905-910
発行日: 1963/10/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA number of blackened specimens among normal ones of the yellow tail in fish-farms establishments in Akamizu and Urajiri Bays of Nobeoka City, Miyazaki Prefecture were compared with the control with special reference to pathological histology. The results run as follows:
1. The number of red corpuscles of the control fish amounted to 3, 620, 000±500, 000 per mm3 whereas 3, 060, 000±560, 000 in blackened Akamizu and 1, 610, 000±420, 000 in morbid Urajiri ones respectively, significant difference existing between the normal and Urajiri blackened specimens (F146(0.05)4.41<F0=44.53). But Akomizu sick fish did not stand significantly at variance with the healthy ones in this respect.
2. Liver fat was scanty in the unhealthy ones. Sudan III staining gave a reading which was significantly different from that of the normal (F'55(0.05)=4.02<F0=29.515).
3. Examination of liver lipids did not reveal existence of neutral ones but indicated a small quantity of denatured lipoids occurring in the liver.
4. Cloudy swelling of constituent cells accompanied by shrinkage of their nuclei was a general featurs of morbid liver. Forcal necrosis was found obtaining sometimes in the organ.
5. Morbidity of the kidney was characterized by (a) shrinkage of Bowman's capsule, (b) dilatation, swelling, and denaturation of nephritic tubule, and (a) abundant bleeding in interstice. Advancement of sickness led to fibrosis. Interstice was mostly rich in fibrous matter, hardened thereby.
6. Almost nothing particular was seen in unhealthy spleen, except anemia.
7. Atrophy consequent on chronic catarrhal inflammation was evident in alimentary canal of the morbid.
8. Anemia and deficiency of fat were seen in dark muscle of the sick specimens.
From the above findings, severe symptoms of metabolic endogenous toxication were evident.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1649K) -
北海道沿岸におけるアイワシの系統群安田 秀明, 加賀 吉栄, 早野 了介1963 年 29 巻 10 号 p. 911-914
発行日: 1963/10/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーAdult individuals of sardine group caught in coastal waters of Hokkaido were judged to be composed of four stocks (K•L•M and N) mutually different in granograpical peculiarity.
Judged from the frequency of appearance, these stocks beared a close resemblance to stock K'•L'•M' and N', respectively, which have already been found as monopolistic constituents of catches of adult sardine obtained from in the Pacific coast of southern part of Honshu and Kyushu.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (188K) -
本州および九州の太平洋海域におけるアイワシの系統群安田 秀明, 簑輪 和彦1963 年 29 巻 10 号 p. 915-918
発行日: 1963/10/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーAdult individuals of sardine group caught in the pacific coast of Honshu were judged to be composed of five stocks (K'•L'•O•P and Q) mutually different in granographical peculiarity. The Boso peninsula makes a boundary between northern stocks (O•P and Q) and southern stocks (K' and L').
In the case of the south coastal waters of Kyushu there are three stocks L'•M' and N'.
Judged from the frequency of appearance, stocks K'•L'•M' and N' beared a close resemblance to stocks K•L•M and N, respectively, which have already been found as monopolistic constituents of catches of migrating sardine obtained from the coastal waters of Hokkaido.
Through investigating the number of scale ring's of the sardine caught in six monthes from June to December, we found that the fish in south coastal waters of Kyushu are only one year younger as compared with those in waters of Hokkaido.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (178K) -
フィッシュポンプの貝に与える影響について田原 陽三, 矢島 信一, 吉牟田 長生, 三次 信輔, 川田 三郎, 添田 秀男1963 年 29 巻 10 号 p. 919-924
発行日: 1963/10/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn the late spring of 1961 the trough clam, Mactra sulcataria REEVE, which had excessively propagated on the coast of Tokyo Bay, were thinned out by means of fish pumps. However, 60 to 80 per cent of the collections was found crashed instead of 20 per cent usually damaged with a hand operated dredge. In order to determine a cause most responsible for the unex-pectedly high damage of the collections, three species of shellfish, the trough clam, Mactra sulcataria REEVE, the common clam, Meretrix lusoria (RÖDING), and the short-neckd clam, Tapes (Amysdala) japonica DESHAYES were separately kept in a water tank and subjected to pumping up with the number of impeller revolution varying from 330 to 990 r.p.m. (Plate 1). The fish pumps used were of different models, T, H, and S, each being 100mm in impeller caliber(Plate 2).
The results revealed that an extent of damage on shellfish was nearly proportional to the number of impeller revolution and markedly dependent upon the structure of an impeller (Table 2 and Fig. 1). The trough clam was more vulnerable to pumping impact than the other bivalves under study. Pumping up several individuals together had a greater rate of damagd than pumping up only one individual of shellfish at a time. Most of broken bivalves had damage only on one side of the shell (Plate 3).
Those findings suggest that fish pumps for shellfish collection should have the impeller and its casing coated with rubber or similer materials to reduce pumping damages.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2222K) -
井上 実1963 年 29 巻 10 号 p. 925-929
発行日: 1963/10/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe main aim of this study is to investigate the behaviour of fish in relation to light stimuli, based on the data on logbooks (1960) of a commercial eight-boat lift net, which has been carried out with the aid of artifical lights in the waters west coast of Noto Peninsula, Sea of Japan.
The operation takes place in steps as follows:
Light-boat attracts the fish directly under the lamp spending minimum to 30min. max. 6 hours firstly, next, she pulls toward other light boat waiting in the center of net which had already been laid out. The latter boat, by putting on light, receives the fish school or schools which were led by the former. The school of fish here is defined as that of Nicholsky (1962).
The results obtained are as follows:
1) The depth of sardine schools in ordinary circumstances and their floating-up toward surface by the influence of light as detected by fish finders, differ depending on seasons (Fig. 1). The interpretation of these phenomenon may not be clearly made as to whether they change due to sea-condition. such as sea-temperature or they behave by internal factor like maturity of gonad.
2) Horse-mackerel school and the school of mackerel mixed with horse-mackerel often encountered in this area may be divided into 2 categones; migrating group and stationary group, the latter located usually on banks or reefs. It is not radily made to attract the schools of stationary groups toward surface even by the use of light, especially in the month of June when the temperature of water is lower than the optimum level for these fish. The depth of the migrating group generally become deeper from July to September or early October, and, during this period the fish are well attracted by light (Fig. 2).
3) The light intensity in terms of brightness and time of exposure or, on the side of fish, their phototaxis determines the number of fish led onto the net, i.e. the catch. As shown in Fig. 2, the operation of the present fishing gear finds that sardine schools led onto the net decrease in size 2 hours after the initation of light stimuli, which, the schools of mackerel, horse-mackerel and the mixture of these two species show a similar tendency 3 to 31/2 hours after the first lighting.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (327K) -
浜部 基次1963 年 29 巻 10 号 p. 930-934
発行日: 1963/10/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn the course of making some experiments on the spawning of the common squid, Ommastrephes sloani pacificus STEENSTRUP, the present author obtained four egg-masses from a number of fully matured specimens and reared them in an indoor aquarium at Kasumi Branch, Japan Sea Regional Research Laboratory, located on the Japan Sea coast of Hyogo Prefecture during the period from June to August, 1962.
Out of the four egg-masses which were demersed and adhesive, three masses were found composed of nidamental gelatin, oviductal gelatin and fertilized eggs. Such masses had also been observed in the previous experiments made by the present author (Hamabe, 1961, Zool. Mag., 70, (11)). But unlike these three, there was still another mass of eggs quite new to the author, which was composed of merely nidamental gelatin and fertilized eggs. It remains to be seen why those two different types of egg-mass are produced, now that they are both found to be fertilized with the larvae in potential. If this unreported mass of eggs were found naturally in the sea, it might be inferred that this particular mass of eggs is obliged to float in the mid-lower water of the sea, being caused by gravimetrical balance, when it is partly or wholly separated by chance from the substance to which it has been adhering.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (332K) -
佐藤 良裕1963 年 29 巻 10 号 p. 935-937
発行日: 1963/10/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn the previous paper1), a strain of Rettgerella-like bacteria has been found to produce a substance giving lethal toxicity to mice (by intraperitoneal injection) when it was inoculated in the octopus muscle extract.
Fractionation of the toxic substance was carried out by phosphotungustic acid precipitation method according to Vickery-Levenworth.
Results obtained may be summarized as follows:
As shown in Table 1, the toxic substance was contained in the non-basic, so-called monoamino acid fraction, however, the toxicity of the fraction decreased as compared with that of the original fluid. It was noted that the lethality was recovered when the non-toxic basic fraction was added to the non-basic fraction (see Table 2).
These findings may suggest that the basic fraction itself is not poisonous but it enhances the toxicity of the substance contained in the non-basic fraction, and the co-existence of both fractions might be closely associated with the lethal toxicity of the original culture fluid.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (108K) -
佐藤 良裕1963 年 29 巻 10 号 p. 938-941
発行日: 1963/10/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーAs shown in the previous paper1), a toxic substance having lethal toxicity to mice intraperitoneally has been proven to produce by a strain of Rettgerella-like bacteria in the octopus muscle extract medium, and the substance seemed to have a non-basic nature according to the phosphotungstic acid fractionation procedure. The basic fraction itself was not poisonous but enhanced the toxicity of the non-basic fraction.
Present paper deals with the isolation and identification of the synergetic factor in the basic fraction.
Results obtained may be summarized as follows:
The synergetic substance was successfully isolated by the ion exchange resin technique, using an Amberlite IRA-400 (OH type) column for the lst step, and an Amberlite IRC-50 (H type) column for the 2nd step.
The purified crystal was found to enhance the toxicity of the non-basic fraction (Table 1), and the phenomenon seemed to coincide with that reported in the previous paper1).
This substance was identified as glycine-betaine from its Rf value on paper chromatograms (Fig. 1), and from its melting point of picrate derivative (Table 2).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (216K) -
温度, pH および化合物の影響伊藤 裕三, 斎藤 恒行1963 年 29 巻 10 号 p. 942-947
発行日: 1963/10/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーSome effects of temperature, pH and various chemical reagents on the proteolytic enzyme of liver of king crab were studied. The results may be summarised as follows:
1. Optimum pH of the enzyme for the hydrolysis of casein and hemoglobin was found at pH 6.8.
2. Optimum temperature of the enzyme for the hydrolysis of casein at pH 6.8 was 50-55°C.
3. The enzyme was most stable at pH 6.8 over the pH range 3-13, when kept at 35.5°C for 150min.
4. The effects of various chemical reagents on the hydrolysis of casein were examined. It was found that activity of the enzyme was accelerated by Mn2+, some reducing agents such as L-ascorbic acid and L-cysteine and was strongly inhibited by Hg2+ and Ag+.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (267K) -
魚粉の酸化と飼料効果について猿谷 九万, 稲葉 伝三郎, 外山 健三, 野村 稔, 山本 正樹, 小山 茂生1963 年 29 巻 10 号 p. 948-952
発行日: 1963/10/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn order to find a clue to the possible utility of fish meal as the fish diet, the relation between the commercial quality and the feed efficiency of fish meal was inquired. White fish meal (manufactured from flatfish, in the North Pacific Ocean) and brown fish meal (manufactured from saury, in the North East Pacific coast of Japan) were used as sample, with and without submitting to artificial oxidation in sunlight, respectively. Then, the samples of meal were evaluated by a physiological method (rainbow trout rearing of 3 months under feeding with sample meal) and by a chemical method, following results being obtained.
1) Feed efficiency of the brown meal tested in the present work showed as inferior to that of the white meal. This may be due to their difference in quality, especially in the properties of component oil of meal.
2) Feed efficiency of the oxidized fish meal was observed as lower than that of notoxidized meal. Since fish meal is considered to be gradually oxidized during the storage even in a dark and cool place as opserved in the present experiment, it is confirmed that the storage of fish meal for a considerable period will lower down the feed efficiency of the same.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (321K) -
脱脂魚粉の消化率について猿谷 九万, 稲葉 伝三郎, 荒井 玄蕃, 外山 健三, 永島 良郎, 小山 茂生1963 年 29 巻 10 号 p. 953-956
発行日: 1963/10/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn this paper, the authors examined the digestibility of fish meal by a physiological method (with rainbow trout) and an artificial method (the pepsin method). Samples of white fish meal (flatfish) and brown fish meal (saury) were treated with or without several kinds of solvents (ether, petrolum ether, acetone, and benzene) separately, and stored in an oven thermostatically controlled at 30±1°C. before the test. The results obtained are as follows:
1) The digestibility of white fish meal for feeding on rainbow trout, as estimated physiologically is so high as about 80 to 85%, while the same of brown meal is about 50%, So, this may be one of reasons for low feed efficiency of the latter meal. Hence this type of meal contains some indigestible state of protein.
2) The digestibility estimated both by the pepsin method and the physiological method differs a little for white meal, having high digestibility, whereas, the corresponding difference is large in case of a brown meal, having low digestibility.
3) Whether in the pepsin method or in the physiological method, digestibility of white fish meal is hardly affected by subjecting it to the solvent extraction, while that of brown meal is somewhat increased by the same treatment.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (243K) -
豊水 正道, 川崎 賢治, 冨安 行雄1963 年 29 巻 10 号 p. 957-961
発行日: 1963/10/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーRecently much attention has been given to the enrichment of diet for fish by the ad-dition of oil. Among the serious problems concerning it are the effects of dietary oil on the quality and quantity of the raised fish. The present paper is concerned with the effects of dietary oil on the fatty acid composition of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnerii irideus) which were fed on the various oil sources, gas-liquid chromatography being carried out for this purpose.
In order to elucidate the change of fatty acid composition with the growth of the fish, the fish fed on a standard diet containing a typical marine oil (Table 1) were divided into three groups according to their body weight, namely small, medium and large one (Table 2). Data illustrated in Table 3 and Figs. 1 and 2 have shown that the fatty acid composition of these three groups were influenced by the dietary oil, especially in that of the small one, while polyunsaturated fatty acids were reduced gradually with the growth of the fish.
Four groups of the fish (body weight ca. 90g) were fed for 103 days on a standard diet and whale oil-, Alaska pollack oil- and soy bean oil-containing diet (Tables 4 and 5). As a result, fatty acids were apparently neither synthesized nor converted in those fish fed on much amount of the latter three oils, and the nature of oil in each group was influenced by the dietary oil. Moreover it is interesting that when fed on soy bean oil, arachidonic acid, eico-sapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid were not detected in the group (Table 6 and Figs. 3 and 4).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (326K)
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