巻号一覧
29 巻, 11 号
選択された号の論文の14件中1～14を表示しています
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
道津 喜衛, 藤田 矢郎1963 年 29 巻 11 号 p. 969-975
発行日: 1963/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA pair of the mature gobiid fish, Lubricogobius exiguus were collected with a shrimp trawl net from the coastal zone of Nomozaki near Nagasaki City in the night of the 8th of October, 1962. The pair fish, female was 30mm. in total length and male 28mm., had been kept in a table aquarium, provided with shell nests, for 52 days (Fig. 1). During this rearing period they spawned 6 times at 7 to 11 days intervals. In the spawning of this gobiid fish, with no nuptial color, the phase of prespawning behavior which had been recognized evidently in the spawnings of other gobiid fishes, e. g. Gobius minutus (Guitel, 1895), Bathygobius so-porator (Tavolga, 1954) and Pterogobius elapoides (Dôtu and Tsutsumi, 1961), did not appear-ed. The order of nest preference which was given to nests was Ostrea (Crassostrea) gigas, Mactra sulcataria, Atrina (Servatrina) pectinata, laid on the aquarium-bottom, and the side glasses of the aquarium (Fig. 2, A). The glasses were used as nesting site when the shells were removed entirely from the aquarium. These characteristics of the spawning behavior show a particular form of the spawning of small gobiid fishes as L. exiguus and Typhlogobius californiensis which seem to live in a few members and usualy in a pair at the natural habitat.
The spawned eggs were deposited in the nest in one layer (Fig. 2, B). The number of eggs of one brood was enumerated as about 1, 000. The egg was demersal attaching one with a bundle of adhesive filaments at the basal end. It was ellipsoid, with a large perivitelline space, 1.04mm. in long axis and 0.39mm. in short axis (Fig. 2, C: Fig. 3, A, B, C, D). The incubation period was about 4 days 12 hours at about 24°C. The newly hatched larva was 1.79mm. in total length (Fig. 3, E).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2124K) -
生殖巣の発達と初産魚の大きさ野村 稔1963 年 29 巻 11 号 p. 976-984
発行日: 1963/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe seasonal changes in the weight of gonads, liver and viscera, as well as in the chemical composition of these organs and muscle of rainbow trout reared at the Oizumi Trout Hatchery were studied. The relationship between the growth of the fish and the development of gonads was also investigated, and the status of initial spawning of 2 year fish was discussed. The weight of organs was shown by the relative values against body weight. Net body weight (body weight minus weight of gonads) was used for referring to the weight of liver and viscera, and total body weight for gonads. The viscera used for chemical analysis excluded gonads and liver, and for calculation of relative weight of gonads were removed from viscera.
The results obtained were as follows:
1) The relative weight of ovary increases rapidly during the months preceding the spawning, and reaches the maximum weight just before ovulation of all ripe eggs; in testis it shows the maximum weight in pre-spawing season (October), followed by gradual decrease in weight discharging its products (Figs. 1 and 2).
2) The seasonal changes in the relative weight of viscera, which are affected mainly by the amount of fat on intestinal organs (Table 2), shows a similar tendency in both sexes in term of fluctuation and magnitude. But the relative weight of liver in both sexes changes in a positive relation to the growth of ovary and testis respectively (Figs. 1 and 3). Protein, fat and ash contents of liver increase with the increase in its total weight (Tables 1 and 2).
3) The growth rate observed in length and weight of female fish decreases continually after the onset of sexual maturity. Especially, during the months of rapid increase of ovary, females show little growth or, inversely, reduced its net body weight (Fig 4).
4) Table 3 and Fig. 5 show the relation between the size of fish and the relative weight of ovary. Among the yearling of the same age expressed in months, the larger fish has naturally a large relative weight of ovary. The average value of the relative weight of total eggs stripped from 2 year-old which spawn for the first time was nearly 11%1). If this value is wanted for fish to spawn 2 years after hatch out, it is necessary fish grow reaching over about 30cm. in body length or nearly 500g. in weight within 2 years. Analyzing the variance of the individual size scattered around empirical growth curve and cross relation between “isomaturity curve” and growth curves, an approximate percentage of fish actually spawned in the lot may be gained. For instance, when the growth curve reaches and passes over 11% iso-maturity curve (e. g. line A in Fig. 5), the majority of fish in the lot which are indicated by the growth curve is definitely expected to arrive full maturity 2 years after hatch out.
5) In order to increase the fecundity and use of younger brood fish (2 year fish) for egg taking, it is necessary the fish fed sufficiently during the months of rapid increase of gonads.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (582K) -
藤野 和男1963 年 29 巻 11 号 p. 985-990
発行日: 1963/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーImmunogenetic investigations for identifying subpopulations of the North Pacific fin whales have been conducted since 1952 (Fujino, 1) 1960). Relative incidences of Ju blood types are used as genetic marker of isolated breeding population. Present paper deals with this type of further informations as well as the results of marking return on the fin whales taken from Gulf of Alaska and west coast of British Columbia in the summer seasons 1961 and 1962 that had not been involved in the previous report. The results suggest that further two different breeding subpopulations which have low incidences of Ju2-positives and marked high those respectively distribute in the Gulf of Alaska, waters off British Columbia and California. Boundary of migratory range of each population was preliminarily estimated.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (369K) -
生長物質,窒素化合物の影響および乾燥,pHの影響に関する再検討尾形 英二, 松井 敏夫1963 年 29 巻 11 号 p. 991-995
発行日: 1963/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe algal respiration as affected by some growth substances and nitrogen compounds was investigated by manometric technique at 20°C or 25°C. Additional examination was also made on the effect of drying and pH. The following results were obtained.
1) Indoleacetic acid and gibberellin, 10mg/l or more, added to sea water enhanced the respiration to some extent whereas naphthaleneacetic acid was scarcely effective.
2) Addition of NH4C1 (10-2 TO 10-1 M) remarkably enhanced the respiration whereas it was reduced by NaNO3 and was only slightly enhanced by urea.
3) Sporocarpic region of the alga showed respiration rate about twice as high as that of vegetative region.
4) Oxygen uptake by the alga steadily declined accompanying the proceeding loss of water by exposure to air.
5) Excessively dried alga eventually showed measurable release of a sort of gas other than CO2. Respiration recovered rapidly when such algal body was returned to sea water.
6) Changing pH from 6.1 to 8.0 by means of M/30 phosphate buffer did not affect the respiration significantly, whereas that from 8.9 to 10.2 with M/10 bicarbonate-carbonate mixture showed marked influence.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (298K) -
前田 弘1963 年 29 巻 11 号 p. 996-999
発行日: 1963/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThis report is written for the purpose of showing very rare examples suggesting the self-spacing occupation of the hooks on setline by fish. The results of the analyses on 35 series of records of the hooked positions of sharks along setline on the Eastern Sea show that in autumnal season individuals of two species of sharks, Carcharinus and Sphyrna, occupied the hooks on setline somewhat repulsively one another. And such structure as this is thought to be reasonable, when we take many habits of sharks into consideration. But there still remains a doubt whether or not such a repulsive pattern as that found in this report can also be expected to be found in other seasons or in other place moreover in the distribution pattern of other species of sharks of inabundance.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (193K) -
鈴木 恒由1963 年 29 巻 11 号 p. 1000-1004
発行日: 1963/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe deep scattering layer was observed by means of an ultrasonic finder, 200KC and 28KC, at sta. A off Cape Erimo, south coast of Hokkaido, continuously from 8.30a.m. to 8.30p.m. on 20 August 1961 (Fig. 1).
D. S. L. descended from about 90m-110m at 8.30a.m. to about 110-bottom (130m) at about 11.00a.m. when the altitude of the sun was highest. Then, D. S. L ascended during afternoon, reaching the surface layer at night.
There was no discontinuous layer of temperature and chlorinity around the D. S. L (Fig. 2), so that D. S. L. appearing in the region at this time was not considered to be caused by any discontinuity of the water.
D. S. L. was located throughout the day in the range of 0.2-0.8 lux of light intensities (Table 1, Fig. 3). When the sun was covered with cloud at about 12.30p.m., D. S. L. as well as underwater light intensity ascended to a slight extent (Fig. 3).
It was observed that the zooplankton were more abundant in the D. S. L. than the layers above the D. S. L. (Table 2, Fig. 3). The major components of zooplankton population were crustacea, among which Euphausia pacifica composed of two size groups (larger group 17.65mm±2.85mm, smaller group 5.81mm±2.18mm) predominated (Fig. 4).
It is concluded that the D. S. L. appearing off Cape Erimo at this season was caused by the aggregation of planktonic crustacea, mainly Euphausia pacifica, and that the D. S. L. was shifted vertically from the morning to the night according to the change of underwater light intensities which, in turn, may have induced the vertical migration of Euphausia pacifica.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1081K) -
松浦 文雄, 橋本 周久, 山口 勝巳1963 年 29 巻 11 号 p. 1005-1010
発行日: 1963/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーTo know the amount of oxygen absorbed in the autoxidation of myoglobin (Mb) to metmyoglobin (MMb) is needed for elucidating the mechanism of, and devising the prevention of, fish meat discoloration during freezing storage. So, experiments were carried out to confirm whether or not the oxygen absorption of 2.5±0.3 moles per mole of horse Mb1) is also true for fish Mb's.
Crystalline MMb's of two species of tuna, whale, and horse, were dissolved in 0.1M phosphate buffer, pH 6.7, added with small amounts of sodium hydrosulfite, and shaken in air to oxidize excess hydrosulfite. The oxymyoglobin (MbO2) solution thus obtained was subjected to manometric analysis at 30°C using a WARBURG apparatus. The amount of MMb formed during the manometry was estimated by the authors' method5). According to the results, the amount of oxygen absorbed per mole of MMb formed roughly resembled to that reported by GEORGE et al., varying widely as pointed out by them (Table 1). The low reproducibility was assumed to be attributable to the presence of substances interfering in manometry such as decomposition products of hydrosulfite which are able to absorb oxygen, although not to reduce MMb. This assumption was just supported by an experiment on sodium bisulfite, one of such decomposition products (Fig. 1). Therefore, the subsequent experiments were performed on MbO2 solutions, from which the decomposition products of hydrosulfite were previously removed by dialysis before manometry. Thus the absorption amount of oxygen was found to be only about 0.34 mole per mole of Mb, irrespective of the species exam ?? ned, and the results were fairly reproducible (Table 2).
And some model experiments were performed to clear up whether large amounts of oxygen are absorbed or not by globin moiety of Mb in the autoxidation, as suggested by GEORGE et at.1) None of several amino acids tested absorbed oxygen in appreciable amounts (Fig. 2). In addition, it was also proved that free sulfhydryl groups were not oxidized during manometric experiments in the case of tuna (Table 3). These results seem to indicate slight, if any, involvement of protein moiety in Mb autoxidation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (419K) -
馬場 春夫1963 年 29 巻 11 号 p. 1011-1019
発行日: 1963/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリー1) The growth effect of the fish liver oil vitamin A is not different from that of the all-trans vitamin A.
2) At the dosage of one half of or more than the required quantity, the fish liver oil vitamin A shows a little better effect.
3) The fish liver oil gives better feeding and protein efficiencies.
4) No difference in growth is seen compared with vitamin A resources when fed at N.R.C. level or more.
5) The difference of growth effect between the fish oil vitamin A and the synthetic one, suggests existence of some elements in the fish liver oil.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (369K) -
食用海藻の効果金田 尚志, 徳田 節子, 荒井 君枝1963 年 29 巻 11 号 p. 1020-1023
発行日: 1963/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーSome kinds of edible seaweeds are believed to have a favorable effect upon cholesterol metabolism. To prove the point, rats were fed ad libitum for 10 weeks with diet prepared for this purpose. The diet contained, at the rate of 5 per cent, green laver (Enteromorpha compressa), tangle (Laminaria japonica) or purple laver (Porphyra tenera) each dried and pulverized, with exogenous cholesterol. As shown in Table 4, the green and purple lavers could fairly reduce the plasma cholesterol. However, the tangle showed no effects. The seaweeds tested were not effective to reduce the liver cholesterol of the rats.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (201K) -
簗瀬 正明1963 年 29 巻 11 号 p. 1024-1026
発行日: 1963/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA trout hatchery in Tokyo started feeding the rainbow trout (Salmo irideus) with a formulated diet in June 1961.
To study possible relationship between maturity of fish and their vitamin contents, a number of the fish reared in the hatchery were sampled at different stages of maturity, one, four or seven months before spawning (Table 2); microbiological analysis was performed for levels of pantothenic acid and vitamin B12 in various organs of the sample fish (Table 1).
The analytical results tabulated in Table 3 indicate no definite relation between the pantothenic acid contents and maturity of the rainbow trout.
However, samples in the most advanced stage of maturation show remarkable increases of the vitamin B12 level in various organs except ovary. The fact suggests that vitamin B12 plays a role in maturity of the fish.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (171K) -
舞鶴湾海底土ならびに海水における細菌の分布について木俣 正夫, 河合 章, 吉田 陽一1963 年 29 巻 11 号 p. 1027-1030
発行日: 1963/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーFollowing the preliminary report, a research on the distribution of marine nitrifying bacteria in Maizuru Bay was carried out. The relation of the distribution of the bacteria to the qualities of sea water and those of bottom muds was also discussed. Some of the information obtained are as follows:
1. In the sea water of Maizuru Bay, nitrifying bacteria are hardly found, i. e. ca. 1 cell/ml or less. In the bottom muds, the bacterial counts are very large at the upper layer, i. e. 102-105 cells/g, and they decrease with the depth. In general, nitrate formers are larger than nitrite formers in their bacterial count. The distribution of the bacteria is almost unchanged in different seasons, locations and qualities of sea waters or bottom muds.
2. An enormous nitrifying bacterial population often occurs even in the bottom muds in which considerable amounts of sulfide and large counts of sulfate-reducing bacteria are found.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (285K) -
亜硝酸生成細菌の亜硝酸化成作要について木俣 正夫, 河合 章, 吉田 陽一1963 年 29 巻 11 号 p. 1031-1036
発行日: 1963/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーWe obtained two kinds of almost pure culture of the marine nitrite former (ammonia oxidizing bacteria), one (M 2) from the bottom muds of Maizuru Bay and the other (A 6) from the filter-sand of the sea-water aquarium with circulating system. The cultures included a species of heterotrophic bacteria, Vibrio adaptatus like strain, as a sole contaminant.
In this paper, the effects of some of the environmental factor on the nitrite formation were examined, by using of the resting bacterial cells adhering to the sand.
The results which were obtained are as follows:
1. The marine nitrifying bacteria show the maximum nitrite formation in sea water or in the solution with ca. 30‰ NaCl concentration, and the lower the salt concentration, the less the activity. This reduction of the activity seems to be caused by the decrease in the enzyme activity of the resting cells themselves rather than by the fact that the low salted solution is unsuited for their enzymatic reaction.
2. The maximum nitrite formation occurs at about 35°C, and at around pH 8.0. Most of the activity is lost above 45°C, however, the formation gradually changes within the range from pH 6.0 to pH 10.0.
3. The substrate concentration which gives the maximum nitrite formation of M 2 is ca. 30mg/l (NH4)2SO4, and somewhat lower than that of A 6.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (375K) -
豊水 正道, 折田 不折, 冨安 行雄1963 年 29 巻 11 号 p. 1037-1043
発行日: 1963/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe development of discoloration in foods is a serious problem, because such an undesirable change is intimately associated with the chemical reactions resulting in “off” flavor. In an attempt to elucidate the mechanism of the discoloration in fish products, the authors studied on the respective discoloration of lyophilized white muscle and dark muscle of jack mackerel (Trachurus japonicus (TEMMINICK and SCHLEGEL)) during the storage with the view to research myoglobin change, oil oxidation and MAILLARD reaction.
The changes of reflectance spectra during the storage indicated that myoglobin change scarcely influenced the discoloration, though myoglobin occurred in the lyophilized muscle (Figs. 1, 2). Comparing the reflectance spectra with each other in model systems where lyophilized and defatted muscle was autoclaved or added with fresh oil, the authors found that the discoloration by MAILLARD reaction and that by oil oxidation were analogous to that of the intact lyophilized muscle during the storage (Figs. 3, 4, 5 and 6).
These facts suggested that the evaluation of the discoloration rate in the lyophilized muscle was able to be made by using R410×100/(R450)2, which has been posturated as an indication of the browning rate caused by MAILLARD reaction. By the evaluation, it was concluded that the discoloration of dark muscle was chiefly contributed by oil oxidation, on the other hand, the discoloration of white muscle was largely contributed by MAILLARD reaction, and the rate of the former was much higher than that of the latter (Fig. 7 and Table 1). Concerning to the discoloration by oil oxidation, it is interesting that the reaction between oxidized oil and volatile basic nitrogenous compound such as trimethylamine did not play any important role in the discoloration (Table 1).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (423K) -
1963 年 29 巻 11 号 p. 1051
発行日: 1963年
公開日: 2008/04/22
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (13K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|