日本水産学会誌
Online ISSN : 1349-998X
Print ISSN : 0021-5392
ISSN-L : 0021-5392
29 巻, 4 号
選択された号の論文の15件中1~15を表示しています
  • 敦賀 花人
    1963 年 29 巻 4 号 p. 303-306
    発行日: 1963/04/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 敦賀 花人
    1963 年 29 巻 4 号 p. 307-312
    発行日: 1963/04/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The laver, Porphyra tenera, is very often apt to suffer damage from industrial wastes as it is usually cultured in shallow waters neighboring the mouth of river. Because the cell wall of laver contains a lot of polygalactose-sulfate ester as a main component of it. The author made an attempt to evaluate the effect of wastes on the growth of laver through depression of the rate of sulfuric acid assimilation in polysaccharide fraction of laver from the environ-mental water.
    The rate of sulfuric acid assimilation was calculated from the specific rodioactivities of sulfuric acids in the environmental water and the polysaccharide fraction. Water temperture, chlorinity, pH and various wastes and chemicals exerted evident influences on the rate, even when no observable symtom was found on the laver.It is conceivable that the effect on the growth is expressed in the change of assimilation rate.
    Fall of chlorinity to a certain degree and a slight rise in pH promoted the assimilation. Black liquor from kraft pulp mill, waste from alcohol distillery, resin and copper exhibited considerable hindrance to assimilation at the concentration of about 0.25%, 2.5%, 10ppm and 1ppm, respectively.
  • 本間 義治
    1963 年 29 巻 4 号 p. 313-319
    発行日: 1963/04/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The swimming behavior, external feature of bodies, and the condition of internal organs of two specimens of goldfish (so-called Wakin) under the polycystic kidney disease were ob-served macroscopically. The kidnies, livers, pituitaries, pharyngeal and heterotopic thyroid follicles, adrenal cortical tissues and ovaries of them were also examined histologically. The results obtained are as follows:
    1. The wall of trunk of the fish swells markedly like a ball; one of the two fish had been swimming or floating upside down. The scales extended rose in consequence of the dropsy. The digestive organs and ovary are pushed aside ventrally as a result of striking expansion of the kidney.
    2. Some masses of cyanophiles crowded in the islands were recognized in the meso-adenohypophysis. In a specimen which has abundant AF-, and CH-positive granules in its preopticonuclei a few amount of the storage of neurosecretory materials was encountered in then eurohypophysis. The follicles of pharyngeal thyroid gland showed remarkable hypofunc-tioning figure, and the same was detected in the heterotopic thyroid follicles scattered in the head kidney. The adrenal cortical tissue, however, appeared rather normal state.
    3. The marked decrease in the volume of ovary was found. The development of ovarian eggs scaresely reached the stage of yolk vesicle formation, although many of pre-ovulation eggs are in the process of formation of corpora lutea. A marked hyperplasia of the granulosa cells is produced around the theca externa of some of the atretic eggs, and indicated like an early phase of epithelioma (granulosa cell tumor). On the other hand, small quantity of cells retained in their normal situation ingest the yolk as a matter of course. Noticeably, any ovulation scars (or empty follicles) could not encountered in the ovary.
    4. The liver cells showed the figures like those of the so-called ghost cells; it is difficult to stain the cytoplasm with dyes, and there are no chromatin substances besides one nucleo-lus. The kidney consisted of many cysts in various sizes, each of which is filled with serous fluid. Between each cystic wall remarkable hyperplasia of connective tissue is detected, al-though some masses of nephrons in normal appearance are retained here and there.
    5. Possible significance of the histological figures of endocrine glands observed was dis-cussed.
  • 和田 浩爾
    1963 年 29 巻 4 号 p. 320-324
    発行日: 1963/04/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    1) The spiral growth of the inner surface of the calcitic shell, Anomia lischkei, was examined and discussed on the biocrystallographical viewpoint.
    2) The growth hills observed is a stepped pyramidal one, where calcite crystals have one of their rhombohedral axes radiated spirally or directly around its top.
    3) The mantle assumes to play one important role upon the orientation of crystals during the mineralization of molluscan shells.
  • 採卵数量について
    野村 稔
    1963 年 29 巻 4 号 p. 325-335
    発行日: 1963/04/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The number and weight of eggs stripped from a female, and the weight of an egg were measured for 133 rainbow trout (body length, 28.5-55.0cm; body weight, 461-3430g) reared at the Oizumi Trout Hatchery and 28 fish (body length, 36-52cm; body weight, 755-2156g) raised at the Nagano Prefectural Trout Hatchery. The relations between the values above mentioned and the size of those fish, as well as the same between values and condition factor were examined. The results obtained were as follows:
    1) The number of eggs (EN) shows a curvilinear relation with the body length (to the last scale) (L, cm) and shows a linear relation with body weight (W, g)(Figs. 1 and 2). The equations are log EN=2.25483 log L-0.33071, EN=1.1042W+739.86 for the Oizumi trout and log EN=1.38970 log L+1.15993, EN=1.1248 W+1206.3 for the Nagano. The number of eggs varies greatly among fish of nearly the same size.
    2) The weight of eggs (EW, g) shows a curvilinear relation with body length (Fig. 3) as shown by equations; for the Oizumi fish, log EW=3.05644 log L-2.73171, and for the Nagano, log EW=2.02782 log L-0.95194.
    3) The ratio of weight of eggs to body weight (102×EW/W) and gonad index (105×EW/L3) are calculated 13.80±0.357 and 236.2±8.11 respectively on the fish from the Oizumi, and these ratios, found in wide range, do not show sign of correlations referred to body length. Whereas, the same ratios for the Nagano fish, 17.20±0.988 and 289.5±26.27 respectively, show a slight reverse correlation to the body length.
    4) The weight of an egg (Ew, mg) increases curvilinearly with the body length, expressed by equations, logEw=0.68872 logL+0.79911 for the Oizumi, and logEw=0.57181 logL+0.99851 for the Nagano (Fig. 4).
    5) The 2-year-old fish which experiences spawning for the first time is featured by a ighter weight of an egg, a lower value of 102×EW/W, and a higher value of condition factor as compared with those in the 3-year-old of nearly same size (Fig. 9).
    There is a tendency that the number of eggs of the 2-year-old fish is slightly larger than that of the 3-year-old, but not different in the weight of eggs. The difference in the number of eggs between the two year classes is lesser than the variation recognized in each class, it may be, thus, stated that the number of eggs does change greatly with the size of fish more than due to age.
    6) Among the fish of nearly the same size, there is a tendency that the heavier the av-erage weight of an egg is weighed, the lower the number of total eggs are counted (Fig. 5). But no definite relationship is recognized between the average weight of an egg and the weight of total eggs.
  • 温泉川 洋彦
    1963 年 29 巻 4 号 p. 336-341
    発行日: 1963/04/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    On the coast of Olyutorskii region, the herring is caught by drift-net of Japanese and Russian commercial vessels. Samples used for the present study were provided from Japanese commercial vessels having operated in the summer season from June to August 1961. In this study the author tried to analyse length distribution and growth by age-groups. Obtained results are as follows.
    1) The fish ranges from 250mm to 320mm in fork length. The distributions have usu-ally two modes and these modes progress slightly out; see copy the season.
    2) Average length of each age-group is shown in Table 1. The difference between av-erage lengths of age-groups 6 to 9 is very little.
    3) K and l of each age-grup, in the Bertalanffy's growth equation lt=l (l-e-Kt+c), were estimated although the data are not enough. The estimates are: K4=0.443, l=359.8mm; K5=0.418, l=362.4mm; K6=0.375, l=368.4mm; K7=0.304, l=372.0mm; K8=0.265, l=382.0mm; K9=0.297, l=352.4mm, K is larger and l, smaller for young fish than old.
  • 五十嵐 清
    1963 年 29 巻 4 号 p. 342-348
    発行日: 1963/04/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The formation of the scutes in ten-spined sticleback, Pungitius pungitius (LINNAEUS) does not arise until the fish grow to 15mm in total body length. When the fish reach to the length of about 15mm, about four small scutes first appear on the lateral line in the poster-ior region of caudal peduncle wherefrom the scute formation runs mainly on anterior direc-tion. In the early developmentrl stage of scute, a roof gutter shaped mucous tube and main ridges are formed in both sides of neural pore. In the middle stage, branching of lateral ridges occurs from the sides of main ridges, and in the last stage, scutes with a cylindrical mucous tube and net-work lateral ridges are completed.
    Before the fish come to the adult, more the 30mm in total body length, two or three small scutes, which show a strong resemblance to scale-like particles, are formed in the an-terior region of the lateral line. On the sides of the tail in and the anterior region of the lateral line, the scute formation can be seen, but never in the middle part of the lateral line, throughout all the stages of its development. Then the total number of the scutes in adult fish turned out to be (2-3)+(10-12), and the arrangement of these showed the Semiar-mata type peculiar to this species. And in this species, we could not find such a remarkable difference between square and rhombic type scutes as in that of Pungitius sinensis. But as a whole, the developmental process of the scutes of this species has a striking resemblance to that of P. sinensis, and from this fact, it may be recognized that this species, P. pungitius, is phylogenetically close to P. sinensis.
  • 庄島 洋一
    1963 年 29 巻 4 号 p. 349-353
    発行日: 1963/04/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 一次加工の影響
    大石 圭一, 奥村 彩子, 村田 喜一, 村山 花子
    1963 年 29 巻 4 号 p. 354-358
    発行日: 1963/04/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Six kombu blades were cut as shown in Fig. 1. Parts A and B in each blade shown were processed as follows: (1) remained in fresh, (2) frozen at -24°C., (3) salted in 30% NaCl solution, (4) autoclaved at 110°C for 10min., (5) dried at 28°C for 8.5 hrs., and (6) dried at 80°C for two hrs. Each A' and B' parts were sun-dried for two days. Parts A and A' were cooked into “tsukudani”, a kind of Japanese food. From B and B', a kind of seasoning liquid was prepared. Parts C and C' were not used in this experiment.
    Sensory test consisted of two methods, pair and hedonic scale methods, the latter having five categories in appreciation. In every test, a standard was given. Untrained girl students of the Hakodate Nutritional College served on the test panels. The results obtained were expressed in Figs. 2 and 3 as histograms with mean values ( ?? ) and standard deviations (s).
    According to the above results, the qualities of tsukudani and seasoning prepared from the material dried at 80°C are superior to those obtained from the other treatments.
    The authors suggest that the mechanical drying method (at 80°C for two hrs) is desirable for the first kombu processing step.
  • 藻体およびその粘質物の無機成分
    前重 静彦
    1963 年 29 巻 4 号 p. 359-361
    発行日: 1963/04/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The inorganic constituents of Monostroma nitidum and its mucilage were studied quantitatively. The analytical results showed that sodium, potassium, magnesium and sulphur are rich in the minerals of them, and that the sulphur in the mucilage presents as ethereal sulphate.
    The author is indebted to Prof. Fumio MATSUMOTO of Hiroshima University for reading the manuscript, and also to Mr. Tetsuo TODANI of this Institute for his encouragement.
  • イカ肉中のオクトピンについて
    遠藤 金次, 清水 亘
    1963 年 29 巻 4 号 p. 362-365
    発行日: 1963/04/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    In the Fumoto's method, octopine is freed from arginine by the preliminary treatment with an Amberlite IRC-50 resin (pH 4.7) and photometrically determined by a modified method of Sakaguchi reaction. Applicability of this method was examined for the determination of octopine in squid muscle. As a result of the test using squid muscle extracts, recovery of added octopine was 90.9 ?? 97.9% (Table 1).
    Subsequent experiments in which octopine and free arginine were determined from the muscle extracts of two species of squid, revealed the following points.
    (1) A sample of Ommastrephes sloani pacificus STEENSTRUP contained free arginine smaller and octopine larger in amount than a ample of Sepioteuthis lessoniana FERUSSAC (Table 2).
    (2) However, the total amount of the substances always constituted one third of the extractive nitrogen in the muscles, regardless of the different species.
    (3) During the storage of Sepioteuthis lessoniana FERUSSAC at 5° ?? 7°C, free arginine rapidly decreased and octopine increased in the muscle (Fig. 1).
    From these results, the species-difference observed in the amount of octopine or free arginine in squid muscle was supposed to be due to either one of the following; post mortem duration is different between materials used, or rate of conversion of free arginine to octopine varies between species of the squid.
  • 貯蔵中におけるイカ肉含窒素エキス成分の変化について
    遠藤 金次, 藤田 真夫, 清水 亘
    1963 年 29 巻 4 号 p. 366-370
    発行日: 1963/04/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    In the previous paper, remarkable changes in amount of free arginine and octopine in Sepioteuthis lessoniana FERUSSAC muscle during storage at 5°-7°C, were explained by the rapid conversion of arginine to octopine in the muscle.
    In order to obtain the detailed pattern of chemical changes occuring in nitrogenous extractives in the muscle during storage, components in extractives were determined including free amino acids, ammonia, trimethylammonium compounds, nucleotides and the related compounds. The results obtained were shown in Figs. 1-4.
    Chemical changes observed during the first one day were, in addition to the conversion of arginine to octopine previously reported, the degradation of adenosine monophosphate to inosine and hypoxanthine and the formation of ammonia which may be caused by the deamination of adenosine monophosphate. In the period from the first day to the third, no remarkable change was observed in amount of nitrogenous extractives. Thereafter, the degradations of trimethylamine oxide, glycine and proline occured and were followed by the formation of ammonia and trimethylamine.
    The nitrogenous extractives thus determined constituted 97-99% of the total extractive nitrogen of the muscle, as shown in Fig. 5.
  • 金魚と錦鯉のカロチノイド色素
    平尾 秀一, 菊地 嶺, 田口 脩子
    1963 年 29 巻 4 号 p. 371-381
    発行日: 1963/04/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Little information has been available on carotenoids of goldfish and fancy colored carp, except a paper by Lederer (1935) reporting the occurrence of astacene, xanthophyll (lutein) and carotene in common goldfish. His work, however, still seems to require further confirmation. The results of the present experiments were as follows.
    1. Alumina column chromatography of goldfish oil, without saponification, did not show satisfactory separation of the component carotenoids, probably because their positions on the column were affected to a great extent by their forms of esterification with fatty acids.
    2. Detailed fractionation of the unsaponifiable matter of goldfish by alumina column chromatography indicated that the carotenoids of the sample consist of two dominant ones; lutein and an astacene-like red carotenoid. The former obtained in a crystalline form with m. p. 175°C, which was lower than that found in STRAIN'S data, was identical with lutein crystal from other sources such as spinach, ginkgo leaves and carrot. The latter, though closely resembles astacene, was supposed to be different since the absorption maximum and the shape of the spectrum were not identical with astacene prepared from the unsaponifiable matter of pink salmon. The authors suggest that this astacene-like substance may be a new one with α-carotene skeleton instead of the well known astacene β-carotene skeleton. This suggestion may be supported by the fact that the new carotenoid shows absorption maximum shifted to the shorter wave-length by 4-10mμ than that of astacene, in accordance with the general rule known between pairs of carotenoids of similar structure with slight difference in possessing either α-or β-ionone rings. The wide zone of red pigment just below the deep red zone of the new pigment on the column of chromatography may be a homologue of intermediate substances between lutein and the new carotenoid.
    3. Formulas were proposed for calculation of lutein and the red carotenoid from the data on their mixture. Using the formulas and checking the results when necessary, contents of both carotenoids in goldfish in their various stages of color development were determined.
    4. Carotenoids of fancy colored carp seemed similar to that of goldfish. Contents of the two carotenoids were determined on some varieties of the carp.
  • キンギョの体色変化に対する餌料カロチノイドの影響
    平尾 秀一, 小沢 聡子, 末松 靖子
    1963 年 29 巻 4 号 p. 382-386
    発行日: 1963/04/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Three groups of each sixty, grey colored but approaching to their discoloration stage, immature goldfish were reared for one month on different diets; rich in carotene and lutein (Group I), free from carotenoid (Group II) and rich in astaxanthin (Group III). The mean amount of carotenoids per individual fish of a group greatly increased in Group I, remained unchanged in II and decreased in III from the initial level, respectively. A few assumptions may be proposed in regard to the cause of negative effect of astaxanthin on goldfish; the goldfish do not accept astaxanthin which is different from their red carotenoid as suggested in the authors' previous paper; the sample fish were too immature to accept astaxanthin regardless of whether or not it may be identical with the red pigment inherent to goldfish; or the fish would always have to convert lutein into the red pigment in the body with no direct route open for the accumulation. Checks on these hypotheses remain to be made in future.
  • 金田 尚志
    1963 年 29 巻 4 号 p. 387-394
    発行日: 1963/04/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
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