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29 巻, 5 号
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敦賀 花人1963 年 29 巻 5 号 p. 403-406
発行日: 1963/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーDuring several years since 1953, there happened a certain disease, neurologic disorder, in the vicinity of Minamata City, Kumamoto Prefecture. It is thought that the disease was due to eating fish which was made poisonous by mercury widely distributed in the Minamata Bay. Tissue distribution of mercury orally given to fish is now reported.
Sea mussel concentrated mercury 660 times in 4 days and short-necked clam concentrated the element 190 times in 8 days when these shellfish were kept in sea water to which 203Hg labeled mercuric chloride had been added to give a concentration of 0.05mg. per liter (Table 1). No significant difference on the patterns of distribntion of mercury in tissues was shown between the carp fed with the sea mussel for 17 days and the conger eels fed with the shortnecked clam for 11 or 19 days. Accumulation of mercury in the brain was not found but the high concentration of the element in the kidney, gills and liver was noted, and obvious existence of mercury in the bone was also recognized. Values of the mercury content in the muscle were low, ranging from 0.03 to 0.5μg. per g. (Table 2 and 3). The present result does not coincide with that of the study on the mercury content of fish collected in the Minamata Bay, in which the mercury content in the muscle were given to be fairly high. This presumably in dicates that the chemical form of mercury in the tissues of shellfish which was given to the fish in the present study was different from that of mrcury in the food taken by fish in the Minamata Bay. It is thought that the most part of mercury taken up by the shellfish from sea water to which mercuric chloride was added had not developed into organic mercury compound.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (249K) -
餌組成と表層生物相との関係について児島 俊平1963 年 29 巻 5 号 p. 407-414
発行日: 1963/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe dolphin is distributed at a layer from the sea surface to about 15m deep in the fish-ing grounds under report1). Stomach contents taken from the commercial catch comprise two groups of fishes differing in size, juveniles and medium sized ones being about 10-15cm in body length2), The present study covers investigations of materials taken during June through October, 1955-57 (Fig. 1, Table 1). The finding are summarized as follows.
1) Juveniles found in stomachs of the dolphin dominated among the surface net collections. Quantitative species composition of juveniles taken by the fish resembled that in the sea (Table 2, Fig. 2).
2) In most of the stomachs, medium sized fishes exceeded juveniles in amount. Species com-position of medium sized fishes in the stomachs changed two or three times within each of the three fishing seasons (Fig. 3). During such periods of alternation, medium sized fishes decreased while juveniles increased in amount.
3) Based on the above observations, the following inferences have been drawn. The dolphin mainly feed on medium sized fishes but sometimes on juveniles when the former become scarce. Thus frequency of juveniles found in the stomachs is reversely related with abun-dance of medium sized fishes in the sea.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (374K) -
石狩湾におけるサバ群の浮上と環境要因川上 猛雄1963 年 29 巻 5 号 p. 415-420
発行日: 1963/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThis report deals with the relationship between the floating-up of mackerel shoals in-habiting the Bay of Ishikari, Hokkaido, from late in June to early in August, and the envi-ronmental factors such as the activity of the sun, direction of the wind, age of the moon and others. Originally the behavior of the fish has an immediate connection with the activity of the sun. The floating-up of the fish to the sea surface is carried out in the day-time. It is re-gularly intermittent by a certain periodicity, which being half as long as the period of sun-spots (about 13 days). It is very interesting to note that the periodicity does not necessarily take place in the same day every year. In the leap year it occurs about two days latter, but in the common year one day earlier than in the previous year.
Second, there is a tendence that the fish shoals do not float near the sea surface, when the wind blows from the land to the offing in a whole day. The activity of mackerel sheals, however, has nothing to do with other meteorological factors, age of moon, rain and rough weather.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (322K) -
シナイモツゴとタモロコの正逆交雑鈴木 亮1963 年 29 巻 5 号 p. 421-423
発行日: 1963/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリー1) Artificial intergeneric hybrids, Gnathopogon elongatus elongatus ?? ×Pseudorasbora parva pumila ?? and the reverse cross, are reared to the adult stage with a survival rate similar to that of controls.
2) The hatching times of eggs crossed here are nearly intermediate between those of two parental forms. Many external characters of hybrids are also intermediate.
3) Hybrids show a male phenotype, with the exception of some neuters. Abundant spermatozoa are observed in their testes.
The author wishes to express his sincere gratitude to Dr. H. KOBAYASI for his valuable advice and criticism.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (803K) -
二村 義八朗1963 年 29 巻 5 号 p. 424-433
発行日: 1963/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーFiltering rate and food uptake were measured on the Californian brine shrimp, Artemia salina, in relation to its growth by the use of Chlamydomonas as food.
The following equations are developed on the basis of FLEMING's formula (1) in order to estimate the filtering rate and the food uptake from cell counts of growing food organisms.
F=V/t•(ln Ct'-ln Ct) (2)
Gt=V•(Ct-C0)•logCt'-logCt/logCt-logC0 (5)
F, volume filtered per animal per day; Ct, food density of the experimental lot at time t (day); Ct', food density of the blank lot at time t; V, volume of water per animal; Gt, food uptake per animal up to time t after the renewal of the experimental medium.
The experimental conditions are summarized in Tables 1&2 and in the foot note of Figs. 1-4.
The results obtained are as follows:
1) High concentrations of Chlamydomonas interfered with the grazing and growth of Artemia (Figs. 1-4). Straight regression lines were empirically applied to the relation between log F and log BL for each algal density (Figs. 1- _??_ 4-A).
2) The effect of high salinity was observed neither on the grazing nor on the growth of the brine shrimp (Figs. 1 & 2).
3) The difference in the growth rate of Chlamydomonas employed had no influence on the grazing and growth of the brine shrimp (Fig. 3).
4) The inhibitory effect was not exhibited in the surrounding medium of Chlamydomonas in view of practical cultivation (Fig. 4).
The results summarized above show a similarity to those reported by LOOSANOFF and ENGLE12) and by RYTHER17), but there are some differences between the present and previous ones: i) the extracellular inhibitor was not observed in the present experiments, and ii) Artemia was not observed to cease grazing after the ingestion of a certain number of senescent algal cells as was observed with Daphnia magna. The presence of heavy concentration of Chlamydomonas seems to interfere with grazing and growth of Artemia.
A method of approaching to the maintenance ration was discussed: since the food uptake fell to the level of maintenance ration occasionally (but not known exactly when) (Figs. 1-, 2-B)A, and since the maintenance ration is thought to be proportional to the square of the body length (within a certain range)B as was observed in the case of O2 uptake (refs. 1), 7)), the maintenance ration may be roughly estimated by the straight lines with slope 2B, which lines are tangentialA to the lower parts of the areas where the log-log plot of daily ration against body length distributes. The approaching indicates the maintenance ration might vary with the algal density (Fig. 6).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (592K) -
田口 喜三郎1963 年 29 巻 5 号 p. 434-440
発行日: 1963/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn the waters of western North Pacific, it has been known that salmon usually gill the mesh of gill-net in the night and it is rare to gill the mesh in the day time.
As to the factors effect to this phenomenon, it can be considered that day light and the vertical movement of plankton as the food of salmon is most important.
With above idea the following surveys were carried out by the scouting boats in 1962 fishing season.
1. Hourly variation of the intensity of sun light.
2. Vertical movement of plankton.
3. Hourly variation of the density of the plankton in the surface layer.
The hourly variation of the intensity of light between 17 o'clock, gill net will be set, and 5 o'clock, gill net will be retrieved, are shown in table 1. The vertical movement of plankton is shown in Fig. 1 and 2. The hourly variation of the density of the plankton in the surface layer is shown in Fig. 3.
With the results of above surveys, it is considered that if the salmon possess the some nature as that of plankton, or if the behavior of salmon follow the vertical movement of plankton to take their food, the hourly variation of the numbers of salmon gill the mesh may show the same curve as shown in Fig. 3 which shows the hourly variation of the density of plankton in the surface layer.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (391K) -
本多 勝司1963 年 29 巻 5 号 p. 441-446
発行日: 1963/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーTo investigate some fatigue properties of netting twines as shown in Table 1, the pre-sent experiments were carried out making use of the apparatus as shown in Fig. 1.
Various values measured are shown in Table 1.
Breaking strength has no effect with increase of impact loads and repeated times in Amilan, Cremona and Polyethylene except the case of impact load. 75kg with repeated 700 times in Polyethylene (Table 1).
Breaking energy has no effect with increase of repeated impact times in Amilan and Cremona but it decreases with the repeated times increasing when the impact load is over. 75kg in Polyethylene.
The author examined by the method of t-test whether among mean values of breaking energy some difference are found or not. Breaking energy has no effect in accordance with increase of the impact load in Amilan but decline of decrease in Cremona and Polyethylene (Table 3).
As the mean values in elongation are applied to know the elongation resulted from impact loads, the elongation increases in accordance with increase of the impact load (Table 5 and Fig. 2).
The relations between Δl' and maximum and measured values of Δl''' are shown in Fig. 3. It is generally recognized that breaking elongations of the twines decrease under the im-pact loads.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (271K) -
和田 浩爾1963 年 29 巻 5 号 p. 447-451
発行日: 1963/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリー1) Growth hills occurred on the inner surface of the Ostrea shell were a stepped pyramidal one consisting of accumulation of foliated calcite crystals, one of the rhombohedral axes of which radiated spirally or directly outwards from the top of hills and appeared to coincide with the direction of growth of individuals.
2) Crystal habit of the calcite in the Ostrea shell was similar to that of the calcite in the Anomia shell.
3) The limiting factors on crystal orientation in molluscan shells were discussed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1774K) -
鹿山 光, 土屋 靖彦, James F. MEAD1963 年 29 巻 5 号 p. 452-458
発行日: 1963/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーTo demonstrate more concretely the biogenesis of fish highly unsaturated acids (higher polyunsaturated acids), the following model experiment of an aquatic food chain with special reference to fatty acid conversion was performed. The system employed for this food chain experiment was Chaetoceros simplex → Artemia sarina → Lebistes reticulatus.
The highly unsaturated acids were not detected in Chaetoceros oil, but in Artemia oil, arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids were found and in guppy oil in addition to these, docosatetraenoic, docosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids were also characterized.
Comparing the two groups of guppies which were raised at 17±1°C and 24±1.5°C water temperatures with Artemia cultured in Chaetoceros medium, the lower temperature group contained a larger amount of docosahexaenoic acid.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (339K) -
荻野 珍吉1963 年 29 巻 5 号 p. 459-462
発行日: 1963/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーSome natural foods, including planktonic algae and animals, of youngs of aquatic animals were analyzed for chemical composition of the whole and for amino acid composition of the proteins (Tables 1 and 2). The samples of diatoms which were cultured in a laboratory were rich in crude protein and ash, indicating that the main component in organic matters of the algae was protein. Based on the ten essential amino acids for growth of fish15), the essential amino acid index (EAA index) of the proteins were calculated by OSER's method13). As shown in Table 2, the values of EAA index of animal proteins were superior to those of cultured diatoms. The diatoms analyzed, however, were characteristic in considerably high contents of protein which had relatively high values of EAA index.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (218K) -
富山 哲夫, 北原 慶子1963 年 29 巻 5 号 p. 463-468
発行日: 1963/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe stability of tetracyclines in muscle tissue at lower temperatures has been studied by WEISER et1), TARR et al2), WALKER and AYRES3), and TOMIYAMA et al 4-6). No concordant results, however, have been reported so far.
The present authors studied on factors governing the stability of CTC in mackerel flesh brei, and revealed that two modes of inactivation were involved, namely, one occurred shortly after the addition of CTC, and the other during storage. It was found that the former could be inhibited by the inclusion of chelating agents and the latter by the presence of antioxidants (Tables 2 and 3). These protective substances, however, did not prevent CTC in a buffered solution from deterioration at 100°C (Fig. 1). It was observed that residual CTC after a 3-day icing appeared to become stabilized (Fig. 2). This apparent increase in the stability seems to be due to either antibacterial activity of oxidized CTC or of oxidized oil per se.
Data herein reported made it clear that a disagreement among the works above-cited on the stability of CTC in tissues was resulted from a difference among tissues employed by the above cited authors in their ferric iron content and the rate of oxidation of oil in tissues.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (374K) -
渡辺 晧1963 年 29 巻 5 号 p. 469-474
発行日: 1963/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーMoisture, oil, ash and protein contents of sardine, sea-trout, weakfish and croaker caught in the waters of southern Brazil and landed at Santos were analyzed for 1961. Since no significant differences were found within the species by sex, sexes were not treated separately. Significant variations were found for moisture and oil, but not for ash among the species. The sardine was demonstrated significantly richer in protein and oil than the other species, but it had less moisture.
Little or no variation could be shown to occur seasonally, except for oil and moisture in the sardine and oil in the weakfish. However, these results may have been introduced by habitat differences in the samples, about which not enough is known at present to draw strong conclusions.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (299K) -
渡辺 晧1963 年 29 巻 5 号 p. 475-481
発行日: 1963/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーWhole body of sea-trout was analysed physically and chemically and the results were subjected to the statistical analysis, in terms of sex, size, stage of maturity, season and area of catch.
Fillet yield was about 45% of total weight for Santos fish, but varied seasonally ranging from 44% to 48% for Rio Grande do Sul.
Oil, moisture, ash and protein contents were determined and discussed on each factor responsible for their variations.
Larger fish contained equal oil in the both areas, but the smaller one from Rio Grande do Sul had three times as much oil as the Santos fish.
Fishes in early stages of ripeness and less oil than those in later stages in Santos and the vice versa in Rio Grande do Sul. Overall, the Rio Grande do Sul catch was considerably oilier than the Santos catch.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (343K) -
鉄 健司1963 年 29 巻 5 号 p. 482-496
発行日: 1963/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (1341K)
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