巻号一覧
3 巻, 2 号
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Naokata KATAOKA, Kenji MOMMA1934 年 3 巻 2 号 p. 59-64
発行日: 1934/07/15
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (980K) -
第二報コウリモチ鰈・ウマ鰈末廣 恭雄1934 年 3 巻 2 号 p. 65-72
発行日: 1934/07/15
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe writer examined for the similar purpose with that of his previous study(1) the digestive tract and its contents of adult forms of two kinds of flat-fishes, viz., Lepidopsetta mochigarei (J. N., Kôri-mochigarei) and Hippoglossoides elassodon (J. N., Uma-garei), both of which were collected from many localities of the North Pacific, as are shown in the Table 2 and 3.
The forms of their alimentary tracts show remarkable resemblance with each other; they have similarly the sac-shaped stomach furnished with valves at the pars cardiaca and pars pylorica, four pyloric appendages, the vortical intestine, the liver of moderate size, the gall bladder and the distinct pancreas. So, it is quite impossible to perceive the morphological difference of alimentary tract between the two fishes. Nevertheless, it is highly interesting that there are some differences in the form of their mouthes and the teeth. The former species has the small mouth in which one row of minute, blunt teeth develops on each jaw of the left side only, teeth on jaws of the right side are degenerated. The latter species has the large, oblique mouth in which one-row of minute but rather sharp teeth is present on each jaw of both sides. In both species, the mouth cleft of the left side (lower side) is always larger than that of the right side. Such structure of the mouth and the development of the teeth on jaws would be regarded as an ingenious adaptation to the mode of their feeding habit. The former species feeds mainly on small sluggish animals on or in the sandy bottom, such as isopods, amphipods, shell-fishes, ophiurans and sand-living worms, while the latter species feeds not only on the said animals but also rather active creatures living on or above sea-bottom such as small shrimps抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (492K) -
宮崎 一老1934 年 3 巻 2 号 p. 73-74
発行日: 1934/07/15
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn the summer of 1932 Mr. YOKOTA, of the Miyagi-ken Fisheries Experimental Station, started a culture of food organisms for oyster. I separated from it a kind of green alga which successively bred true. On closer examination the alga was found to tally completely with Chlorella vulgaris BEYERINK in the form, dimension, cytoplasmic inclusions, and the mode of reproduction, although it has not yet been known to occur freely in sea-water. With a view to determine its adaptability to saline water 8 grades of culture-media, the chlorine-content of which varied from 2.26 to 21.22‰, were prepared. The organism in question propagated well in these media, the optimum concentration of chlorine for the algal proliferation being from 6.99 Cl'(‰) to 16.57 Cl'(‰). It may be mentioned that the green alga tested could be much more easily propagated in Allen's culture medium than Chlorella pacifica which was used by HORI and KUSAKABE (1927) for rearing the common Japanese oyster larvae up to the stage of attaching.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (152K) -
川上 太左英1934 年 3 巻 2 号 p. 75-76
発行日: 1934/07/15
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーUsing the comparative method, the writer measured the thermal conductivity of several kinds of fish muscle, and also of whale flesh. The apparatus used is as shown in Fig. 1. A sample is inserted in a glass chamber C, and is put on a glass plate E of known conductivity Kg. A, B, D and F are glass plates, each having the thickness d. The glass plates are brought in contact with each other by wax, while the clearances between F and the heater H and A and the cooler I are to be filled with fine aluminium powder. At the three points a, b and c, the temperatures (Ta, To and Tc) were measured in the stationary state with the junctions of thermocouples installed at these points. The thermal conductivity of the sample Km was calculated by the formula:
Km=Kgl2(Tc-Tb)/l1(Tb-Ta)-2d(Tc-Tb)'
where, l1 and l2 represent the thickness of the standard glass E and that of the sample C respectively. The results, which are summarized in Tab. 1, give the values of Km, approximating to those obtained by G. O. LANGSTROTH(1) with other kinds of fish muscles in other ways.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (144K) -
安川 隆1934 年 3 巻 2 号 p. 77-79
発行日: 1934/07/15
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーBacteriological examinations by the standard method of the American Public Health Association were carried out from November 1932 to March 1933 on oysters from various parts of Japan as well as on the samples of mud from several oyster beds. Of 122 strains of the colon bacteria, which are referable to 13 species and to one group, E. communior tops the list, being 17 in number (13.9%). A. metalcaligenes and E. coli are not so numerous, being 12.3% and 8.2% respectively (Table 1). About one-third the strains were found fecal in origin when tested with PERRY'S method. Contamination is evident in those shucked oysters sold in shops as compared with those which are fresh from the oyster beds.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (174K) -
木俣 正夫, 二戸 一麿1934 年 3 巻 2 号 p. 80-82
発行日: 1934/07/15
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーLANGE(1), BEHRENS(2) and HÜCKEL(3) heated several kinds of bacteria to death and added them to suspensions of the living bacteria. Then they heated the mixtures and found that the admixture of the dead bacteria prolongs the thermal death time of the bacteria tested. A hypothesis was put forth by them to the effect that the added dead bacteria perhaps prevents the living ones from dying when heated. It was shown by HÜCKEL that this protective activity does not depend on the kinds of the bacteria used. It would not be without interest, therefore, to ascertain whether or not the protection in question is due to protein of any kind of organism.
One mg. of the bacteria cultivated for 48 hours at 28°C on agar stroke were put into l0c.c of the sterilized buffer solutions (pH=6.9) which contain 50mg., 100mg. or 200mg. of gelatin or the cells of 2 strokes killed by heating, and were shaken carefully, then put into ampullae (capacity, ca. 0.2c.c.; dia., ca. 3mm.), and were sealed. After heating at various temperatures they were cooled in water. The ampullae were disinfected with alcohol and the ends of them were cut off. Their contents were pipetted in the agar media with sterilized capillary, and the agar plate culture by the shaking method was made.
The results obtained are shown in the table 1. From the table it is clear that the addition of 1-2% of gelatin prolongs about 2 times the thermal death time of the bacteria tested.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (164K) -
宇野 道夫1934 年 3 巻 2 号 p. 83-86
発行日: 1934/07/15
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe object of the present paper is to know the influence of preservative dye on the weakening of cords in the sea. The results of the test examination carried out by the Nippon Teitigyogyô Kenkyû-kwai (The Japanese society for the study of the fixed net fishery) were analysed after the method adopted by Dr. M. TAUTI in the study of the weakening of netting cords. The results obtained are as follows: -
(1) The weakening of the dyed cord in the sea is represented by the following equation, logT/T0-T=-K loget+const., where T is the breaking strength after t days' submersion, T0 the strength of the cord saturated with water but not acted on by the decomposing agents, and K a constant.
(2) The value of K is indifferent to the kind of dye of common use, not containing tar, and it is the same whether dyed or not.
(3) Most dyes containing tar as a chief constituent reduces the value of K of the dyed cords which hang down freely in the sea but the reduction is not notable when they are subject to the fishing operation.
(4) If t1 represent the days of submersion when the value of T is equal to T0/2, the difference of the value of t1 of a dyed cord from that of the white cord may be taken as a measure of the preservative effect of the dye. The preservative effect of most dyes in the case, where the dyed corbs are subject to the fishing operation, is nearly proportional to that in the case, where the dyed cords hang down freely in the sea.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (281K) -
木村 喜之助1934 年 3 巻 2 号 p. 87-92
発行日: 1934/07/15
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA shoal of sardines, when they are fully habituated to a confined space such as a bait-net or an aquarium having a horizontal section of a circle or of an equilateral polygon, is usually found in a steady motion, each individual swimming in a horizontal circle about the central axis of the confined space.
The author observed cinematographically the motion of sardines (Sardinia melanosticta T. & S.) habituated to a cylindrical tank 3.2m in diameter for more than two months, and learned that the motion is of constant angular velocity θ irrespective of the radial distance of each individual from the center, so that the relative position of each individual is undisturbed. The author obtained the values θ=8-10 degrees/sec. θ is more or less greater than these values, if the fish are not fully habituated to the space or are uneasy from some causes. It was also observed in a bait-net of the greatest size in practice, having the horizontal section of a regular octagon 3.6m long on each side, that the sardines in it swim with constant angular velocity independent of the radial distance. That the same is the case with a confined space of far wider area is of course doubtful, because, if it were, the fish at the margin of the space would be forced to travel with a formidable linear velocity, which is quite unnatural.
Next, experiments were carried out concerning the layer of swimming of the sardines (Engraulis japonicus T. & S.) in a bait-net. The bait-net of the depth of 3.6m was prepared on one side with five horizontal curtains of net work at the depths of every 0.6m. When the curtains were shut instantaneously, the whole space of the bait-net, with the fish in it, was separated into six compartments of successive depths. The number of fish and the frequency distribution of their body-length in mm-classes were studied for each compartment with the following conclusions: 1) The fish of the small size-group are distributed denser in the upper layers than in the lower, when they are mixed with the group of larger size. 2) The difference in the layer of swimming of each group seems to be due to the difference in age of the fish. When the fish of the same age-group solely are kept in the net, the frequency distribution of the body-length does not show any difference among the different layers. 3) When a headlight lamp of motor car is lighted above the net at night, the fish in the net change the layer of swimming, many of them, especially the small ones, swimming upward at first and then, after a while, sinking down. In the present experiment with the bait-net of the depth of 3.6m, the fish swarmed at last denser in the lower layers than they are in the daytime.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (357K) -
宇田 道隆1934 年 3 巻 2 号 p. 93-99
発行日: 1934/07/15
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーAs a drift-net or a long-line is made adrift by the oceanic currents, and is scarcely influenced by the wind, it may be regarded as an excellent current-drag. If we record the positions and the instants, when the fishing-appliances of this kind are put into and hauled up from the sea, we can easily estimate the average current during their driftage. In such cases, the accurate determination of positions by aiming at the land-objects or some heavenly bodies is desirable and the time of drift should last at least about half a day in order to eliminate the tidal currents or any accidental fluctuations. These are, however, by no means difficult in practice, far easier than handling instruments such as current-meters in the open sea.
Employing such a method the writer investigated: -
(i) The currents in the Kurosiwo-area based on the records of long-line fishing of “Maguro” (Thunnus thynnus), those in Oyasiwo-area on the records of the drift-net fishing of herrings and of “Samma” (Cololabis saira), and those in the intermediate-area between Oyasiwo and Kurosiwo based on the records of the drift-net fishing of “Samma” and the long-line fishing of “Maguro” from 1928 to 1933 (Fig. 1).
(ii) The currents in the Japan Sea along the west coast of Hokkaidô estimated from the drift-net fishing of herrings from February to May every year from 1924 to 1930 (Fig. 1 and Tab. 1).
The currents thus estimated coincide well with the results obtained in other ways, proving the correctness of the method adopted (Fig. 1). Furthermore by means of this method, some conditions of fisheries, such as the catch (Fig. 2), can very conveniently be studied, correlating with the currents in question.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (441K) -
相川 廣秋1934 年 3 巻 2 号 p. 100-110
発行日: 1934/07/15
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (823K)
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