巻号一覧
30 巻, 6 号
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層形成機構のラジオオートグラフによる追究和田 浩爾1964 年 30 巻 6 号 p. 465-471
発行日: 1964/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリー1) The investigations on the mechanism of layer formation in several marine bivalves were carried out with radioautographic stripping films.
2) The distribution and concentration of labeled calcium may indicate the mode of layer formation.
3) The circular deposition of labeled calcium on the inner shell surface appeared to be essentially similar to the selective fixation of calcium in the organic matrix and among various layers.
4) The mechanism of formation of the spiral steps and growth hills must be theorized on possible ideas independent of the position of development of embryos of mineral crystals which seems to be determined in certain specific fragments of the conchiolin protein.
5) The mechanism of development of growth hills in the nacre and the calcitostracum seemes to be respectively understood on essentially different ideas. That is, the mechanism of formation of spiral growth steps in the nacre can be consistently explained by the theory of screw dislocation, while the growth hills in the calcitostracum by the theory of dendritic growth.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1711K) -
児島 俊平1964 年 30 巻 6 号 p. 472-477
発行日: 1964/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe geographical distribution of dolphins hooked by tuna long line in the Pacific Ocean and The Indian Ocean Were investigated.
It was the sea area within latitude 30 degree of both semispheres where dolphins were hooked by tuna long lines, and it is needless to say the area is ristricted in the tuna fishing grounds.
The surface water temperature when dolphins were hooked ranged from 21°C to 30°C, and it was suggested that dolphins are distributed all the year round in the area within latitude 30 degree.
The mean body weight of the fish ranged from 1 to 30kg, and the majority were 5 to 10kg.
In the South Pacific Ocean, dolphins hooked during May to August were small in size, and large ones occurred during November to February.
The changes of fishing season and fishing grounds in the Southern hemisphere were the exact opposite to those in the Northern hemisphere, therefore there is a fair possibility of existence of two different races each is inhabiting Southern hemisphere and Northern hemisphere, respectively.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (278K) -
産卵水域と産卵場の地形石田 力三1964 年 30 巻 6 号 p. 478-485
発行日: 1964/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーSeveral observations have been reported on the natural features and the distribution of the spawing grounds of the Ayu, but they seem fragmentary.
The present study was performed to obtain fuller information on these problems. For this purpose, the examination of the spawners and the eggs laid on stream beds and the to-pographical survey were done in 12 rivers.
The results obtained were as follows:
1) The location and the extent of the spawning area were very variable, i.e., in some rivers both the distance from the mouth of the river to the spawning area and the extent of the latter were less than 10km, and in others they were over 100km and 50km respectively.
2) Some certain functional relations were recognized between the average gradient (between the mouth of a river and the spawning area) of the river beds and the distance from the mouth to the spawning area or the extent of the latter. The gradient of the spawning area also changed with the gradient of the river.
But the former increased in the area of the extreme small value of the latter.
3) The gradient of the river decides the speed of the current and consequently, the composition of the gravels of the stream bed. Accordingly it is assumed that some certain ranges of the speed of the current or those of the size of the gravels are essential factors for the limitation of spawning area.
4) The spawning grounds situated at a point where the current was irregular, i. e., junction, curve, sand band and bridge.
5) As the balance between the current velocity and the size of gravels is unstable at these places pointed out above, the bed varied continually, its surface being unsettled. From the observations on the spawning behaviour of the Ayu (ISHIDA 1961), it may be suggested that unstable stream beds as mentioned above are suitable sites for the spawning of the fish.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (453K) -
サイフオンによる水流分布について矢島 信一, 吉牟田 長生, 三次 信輔, 田原 陽三, 川田 三郎1964 年 30 巻 6 号 p. 486-489
発行日: 1964/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn fishing operation using a pump, it is important to know stream patterns around the suction nozzle, as they possibly indicate an effective range of the suction power which may or may not vary depending on such conditions as pertinent to the position of the nozzle and the suction head. Therefore, preliminary experiments were carried out in a glass aquarium (75×40 ×48cm) in which a vinyle hose (5mm in inner diameter) was arranged as a siphon; the suction nozzle was held either upward, downward, or on a level, with the suction head kept at 50cm or 100cm. Under these conditions the stream patterns were photographically observed by dropping a rhodamin solution into the water (Plates I-III).
On the basis of the photographic observation, cross sectional views of the stream patterns were schematically drawn for the various siphoning conditions. In the diagrams, the stream line is the of force, and the equipotential surfaces which each cross at right angles with the line of the force are drawn by taking the inner diameter of the siphon hose as unit (Figs. 1-4). Ratios of the equipotential surface are compared among the various siphoning conditions (Table 1).
The results revealed that no remarkable changes took place in the stream patterns around the suction nozzle regardless of the position of the suction nozzle or change of the suction head. Since the velocity of the stream abruptly decreases with the increase of the distance from the suction nozzle, it should be suggested that fisn have, to be concentrated around the suction nozzle as much as possible in order to efficiently pump them up.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (809K) -
スズキ肝臟のキチン分解酵素奥谷 康一, 木俣 正夫1964 年 30 巻 6 号 p. 490-494
発行日: 1964/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn the previous paper, 1) by the present authors it was reported that the chitinolytic enzyme was present in the stomach of Japanese sea-bass, Lateolabrax japonicus and suggested that the enzyme was inherent in the fish itself.
The present study was carried out in order to ascertain whether the chitinolytic enzyme was present in the liver or not. In order to determine chitinolytic system, water extracts of the liver were incubated with a chitin suspension, then chitobiose and N-acetylamino sugar liberated were determined. The amount of N-acetylamino sugar was measured by the method as described by REISSIG et al.4) Chitobiose was estimated from the amount of N-acetylamino sugar produced by the addition of β-glucosidase.5)
Results obtained are as follows.
1) The chitinolytic enzyme is present in the liver of Japanese sea-bass.
2) Substances which are formed by the action of the chitinolytic enzyme may be N-acetylglucosamine and N, N'-diacetylchitobiose (Fig. 1), and the enzyme may consist of chitinase and chitobiase.
3) The optimum pH value of chitinase action is about 4 and the optimum temperature is at 40 ?? 50°C. The optimum pH value of chitobiase is also about 4 (Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 6).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (265K) -
ドジョウの体表面粘性物質中のsialic acidについて榎本 則行, 中川 浩毅, 冨安 行雄1964 年 30 巻 6 号 p. 495-499
発行日: 1964/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーNo detailed work has been done on positive substances for p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (the so-called “direct EHRLICH reaction”) and orcinol (BIAL's reagent) etc. in the external mucous substance of fish, though there have been a few reports describing the presence and the amount of them. In order to clarify the chemical properties of these substances, the authors studied on the external mucous substance of loath.
The isolation procedure is shown in Fig. 1.
Crystallization was performed from water-methanol to which ethyl ether was added. The dry material shown in Fig. 1 was dissolved in a small amount of water and then methanol 10 times as much as the water was added to it. Ethyl ether was added in small portions during several days. The occurring amorphous precipitate was filtered off. When the amorphous precipitate disappeared, ethyl ether was added until a faint turbidity appeared. The slender needle-like crystal (Fig. 2) was obtained by standing the turbid solution at room temperature.
Judging from the results, i. e. decomposition point (176-179°C), 5 kinds of absorption spectra (Fig. 3), paper chromatogram (Table 1) and infrared spectrum (Fig. 4), the crystal was identified as N-acetylneuraminic acid.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (924K) -
加温溶解による粗製コンドロイチン硫酸の製法中嶋 昭正, 森永 晃平, 田中 晴夫1964 年 30 巻 6 号 p. 500-505
発行日: 1964/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe present paper deals with an investigation on alkaline liquefaction method, by which crude sodium chondroitin sulfate for medical purpose can be manufactured easily from whale nasal cartilage.
The cartilage was boiled in water and dissolved in a small amount of sodium hydroxide so-lution at above 30°C in order to raise the efficiency of extraction. Dialysis, deproteinization at pH 3.5 and neutralization were succesively performed and then sodium chondroitin sulfate was precipitated with ethanol.
The influence of conditions for liquefaction upon yield and purity of the product was in-vestigated and the following results were obtained.
1) The cartilage could easily be dissolved in 5-50% sodium hydroxide at 40°C in an hour, while in the case of 3% sodium hydroxide considerable residue remained. The higher the concentration of sodium hydroxide solution was, the higher the purity of the product was. The purity of the product obtained with 50% sodium hydroxide was 96% (Nitrogen content, 3.3%) (Table 1).
2) When 10% sodium hydroxide was used, the influence of temperature (30-60°C) and time (1-5 hrs.) for the liquefaction upon the purity of the product was not so great (Table 2, 3).
3) In order to manufacture the product of high purity and yield, it was required to heat 100g. cartilage in 25ml. of 50% sodium hydroxide at 40°C for 90 minutes (Table 4).
4) The concentrating procedure of the deproteinized solution before ethanol precipitation caused the purity of the product to decrease appreciably (Table 5).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (473K) -
ヨウ素呈色反応による寒天分解細菌の検出法について藤沢 浩明1964 年 30 巻 6 号 p. 506-515
発行日: 1964/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe iodine test for detection of agar decomposing bacteria was devised by GRAN1) and was traced by HUMM2). The method is based on the color reaction between agar or hydrolyzedd agar and iodine. However, the concentration of iodine solution used by them is unsuitable for detection of agar decomposing bacteria.
In the present study, the iodine test was reinvestigated.
The results obtained are shown in Tables 1-2 and Figures 1-5 and summarized as follows:
1. The clear zone is recognized most distinctly, when the iodine solution is used in the concentration of 0.1 N.
2. The number of colonies suitable for the test is 50 or below.
3. For the studies of “dankan” causative bacteria, the application of “tokoroten” medium is better than common agar medium.
Approximate number of agar decomposing bacteria, however, can be estimated physically by measuring of jelly strength instead of the iodine test (Tables 3-4).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (3590K) -
アセトン可溶性脂質羽田 野六男, 座間 宏一, 五十嵐 久尚1964 年 30 巻 6 号 p. 516-518
発行日: 1964/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe acetone-soluble lipid was obtained from the egg of northern blenny, Stichaeus gri. gorjewi HERZENSTEIN.
The constituent of fatty acids and alcohols from the separated acetone-soluble lipid was estimated by gas chromatography.
The results obtained showed high contents of palmitic, palmitoleic, oleic, docosenoic and docosapentaenoic acid (15.9, 13.6, 19.9, 10.9 and 14.4%, respectively), and about 73% of the total fatty acid were unsaturated.
Also the presence of small amounts of octadecanol, octadecenol and eicosenol were found in addition to 74.4% of cholesterol in the unsaponifiable matter.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (184K) -
レシチン羽田 野六男, 座間 宏一, 五十嵐 久尚1964 年 30 巻 6 号 p. 519-522
発行日: 1964/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPhospholipids were extracted with chloroform-methanol from the egg of northern blenny, Stichaeus grigorjewi HERZENSTEIN. By adding a large amount of ethanol to these phospho-lipids, lecithin and cephalin fractions were separated. The lecithin fraction was first separated through a stage of cadmium chloride complex, and then purified by the alumina column chromatography.
The results obtained in this experiment are shown in Tables 1-2 and Figure 1.
As shown in Table 3, the fatty acid composition of lecithin consisted of palmitic, stearic palmitoleic, and oleic acid as high as 24.7, 13.8, 13.6 and 17.8%, respectively.
Thus it may be concluded that the lecithin contained lower amounts of unsaturated acids than the acetone-soluble lipid.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (211K) -
蛋白質要求量について荻野 珍吉, 加藤 紀子1964 年 30 巻 6 号 p. 523-526
発行日: 1964/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIt was reported in the previous paper (this journal, 29, 691 (1963)) that the young abalone showed good responses of growth by feeding the artificial diet composed of calcium alginate-gel in which various nutrients were kept. In this paper, the protein requirements of abalone, Haliotis discus REEVE, were investigated by feeding the diets whose protein source was white fish meal (Table 1). The results of feeding trials are shown in Table 2 and Fig. 1. The diets were provided ad libitum throughout the experiments. The daily growth rates of abalone fed diets having protein levels from 20 to 30 percent were nearly constant in each experimental series and their values fell at the protein levels lower than 15 percent. The daily growth rates of abalone, however, increased considerably at the protein levels higher than 30 percent of the diet. From the present and previous results (Fig. 1) it was concluded that abalone required protein levels of about 20 percent in the artificial diet for the normal growth when the diet was provided ad libitum. The increases of the daily growth rate at higher protein levels may be attributable to the presence of unidentified growth factor(s) for abalone in the white fish meal, since there was no difference in amount of diet consumed among different groups.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (280K)
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