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Volume 30, Issue 7
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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Yoshimasa ENOMOTO1964 Volume 30 Issue 7 Pages 533-536
Published: July 25, 1964
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe blood-sugar and glucosuria in rainbow-trouts of one age were examined in the case of bovine growth hormone injection.
1. Blood-sugar value with non-treated rainbow-trouts was about 60mg./dl.
2. Blood-sugar values increased up to about two-fold by the intramuscular injection of 0.5cc. of 0.7% NaCl or the same comprising 1.25mg. of bovine growth hormone.
3. A transient glucosuria was clearly observed in the fish 2.5-5 hours after the injection of bovine growth hormone.
4. This growth hormone-induced Diabetes mellitus suggests to be caused, at least, partly by the descent of the threshold of glucose excretion in the kidney.
5. Polyuria, one of the main symptoms of mammalian Diabetes mellitus, was also observed accompanying with this glucosuria of rainbow-trout.View full abstractDownload PDF (238K) -
Yoshimasa ENOMOTO1964 Volume 30 Issue 7 Pages 537-541
Published: July 25, 1964
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGH, TSH and prolactin were injected intra-musculary in their various combination to the young rainbow-trouts in summer of 1963, preliminarily. Their body weight gains and some other characters were measured and compared with those of control after rearing for 27 days.
1) Two rainbow-trouts, the one injected with 70γ of GH in every fourth day and the other done with that and 0.02 I. U. of TSH, showed some conspicuous body weight gain as 108% and 96%, respectively, compared with 36% in control.
2) These weight gains may be mainly attributed to the gain in protein judged from the chemical analysis, as expected from the protein anabolic agent of GH.
3) Some exophthalmic disease occured in the GH- injected groups to which the large values of reticulocyte cell counts were also observed.
The further experiments of these series should be worked out in a larger number, in a larger period and with various hormone doses.View full abstractDownload PDF (284K) -
DISTRIBUTION OF OILY WASTES IN THE SEAHitomi SUGIMOTO, Masaya SUZUKI, Osamu TAKEUCHI1964 Volume 30 Issue 7 Pages 542-553
Published: July 25, 1964
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe damages in fishery due to oil pollution have been intensified by a rapid development of oil industry in the area surrounding the Seto Inland Sea. The present investigation was carried out to grasp more accurately the general aspects of oil pollution of the sea induced by wastes from oil factories or refineries.
The possible sources of oily wastes are demonstrated in Fig. I and properties of wastes discharged from representative factories are summarized in Table 1. The oil discharge from a factory is found to vary from 4 to 0.09 ton per day, when calculated from the volume of waste water and its highest oil concentration.
By the method established by the American Petroleum Institute, a distribution pattern of oil on the surface of the contaminated area of the sea was surveyed and the results are given in Fig. 3, which indicates the two characteristic patterns. The floating oil distributes in patches differing in thickness as well as breadth and within the range not exceeding 4, 000m from the outfall of oily wastes. The latter phenomenon was considered to be due to the rapid disap-pearance of oily substances from the surface, partly due to volatilization, adhesion to a quay, or dispersion into the sea. In this connection, the volatility of several kinds of oil (Table 2), adhesion of oil to the suspending mud (Table 3) and distribution of the suspending matters in the sea and rivers (Figs. 4 and 6) were examined and it was suggested that the suspended particles in the sea may powerfully accelerate the dispersion of oil into the sea from the surface.View full abstractDownload PDF (771K) -
Hiroshi MAÉDA, Shiro MINAMI1964 Volume 30 Issue 7 Pages 554-559
Published: July 25, 1964
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. This report deals with the type of the frequency distribution of hauls with respect to catch in tons by the Danish seiners of the flounder meal fleet in the Bristol Bay.
2. The theoretical type of the frequency distribution agreeable to the observed one was looked for by the chi square test of examining the fitness of the observed series of frequencies for the estimated ones from the linear equation of STUDENT'S z on either log (x+1) or x (here x is the grade of catch in tons by a haul).
3. It is found, in general, that the frequency distribution of hauls with respect to catch in tons is normalized, only when all the boats fished in a ground so good as to supply the flounder not less than five tons by a haul on the average; otherwise the distribution is kept in the logarithmic normal or shows bimodality.
4. It is suggested that the difference between the bull trawlers and the Danish seiners with respect to the type of the frequency distribution of catch by a haul is not simply due to the difference in the fishing method itself but also due to the difference in the dependency on the mother-ship and the spacial distribution of these two types of boats in the fishing ground, consequently the probable difference between the waters fished by these two types of boats with respect to the homogeneity of the distribution of flounder population therein.View full abstractDownload PDF (290K) -
RELATION BETWEEN LONG LINE CATCH-RATE AND DOMINANT AGE GROUP AND YEAR THE DOMINANT AGE GROUP WAS SPAWNEDJun NAKAGOME1964 Volume 30 Issue 7 Pages 560-563
Published: July 25, 1964
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOverlapping the regression curves of fork length of big-eyed tuna as against year class reported by Iverson2), Kamimura-and-Honma6), Honma-and-Kamimura7). Suda8) and Shumura9) upon the regression curves of fork length of the fish as against age reported by Suda-Tatsuki-and-Udo4) and Yukinawa-and-Yabuta5), I made a mean logistic curve of the fish from those regression curves. On basis of this mean logistic curve and the mean fork length of the fish of four years of age in April reported by Iverson2) and Shomura9), I deduced a mean fork length of the fish by age. Then assuming this to represent the mean fork length of fish of each age group, I tried to transform fork length frequency of the fish by year to age frequency by year.
As result of observation of these analysis it has been presumed that appearance of a dom-inant age group had brought about subsequent annual variation of longline catch-rate and that such a dominant age group had been spawned in 1948, 1949 and 1954.View full abstractDownload PDF (276K) -
Satoru HIGASHI1964 Volume 30 Issue 7 Pages 564-569
Published: July 25, 1964
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present paper reports an electron microscope study of spermatogenesis in Hyriopsis schlegelii, mother mussel of fresh-water pearl in the lake Biwa-ko.
In the spermatid the nucleus undergoes profound changes as development proceeds, affect-ing both its form and internal fine structure. A large number of roughly parallel, dense filaments, arranged along the long axis of the nucleus, fuse with each other to form in the end, the homogenous body characteristic of the head of the adult spermatozoa. The nebenkern is. apparently mitochondria) in nature and, in its early development, is similar to that of insects. In the early spermatid, all the mitochondria are collected into a single nebenkern which is. then divided into two spherical bodies. The nebenkern are similar in shape and structure to the original mitochondria and differ only in their large size. In the last stages of develop-ment, the nebenkern divided into five spherical bodies around the axial fibrils of developing-tail flagellum. The axial fibrous components of the tail flagellum is composed of nine peripheral pairs of filaments and a pair of central filaments.View full abstractDownload PDF (2023K) -
Kosaku SUZUKI, Kuman SARUYA1964 Volume 30 Issue 7 Pages 570-573
Published: July 25, 1964
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA fundamental study for the preparation of fatless fish meal was carried out on regard to the extractant which can extract water and crude fat simultaneously from wet scraps of fish at room temperature. Necessary amount of an extractant was found to depend on both the composition of a fish oil -extractant- water system and the quantity of an extractant retained in the scraps during the extraction. A trial preparation of the meal was made in a rotating ball mill pot provided with the wet scraps and extractant inside. The fish meal obtained was light colored, absent from unpleasant smell and finely powdered. It was found the mixture of acetone 4 and benzene 1 by weight is a suitable extractant and about 420g. is necessary for treating 100g. of the wet scraps.
Crashing of the scraps in the extractant by the ball mill is not so complete (especially in a case of bones) that more powerful crashing is desirable.View full abstractDownload PDF (296K) -
DISTRIBUTION OF CHITINASE IN DIGESTIVE ORGANS OF A FEW KINDS OF AQUATIC ANIMALSKoichi OKUTANI, Masao KIMATA1964 Volume 30 Issue 7 Pages 574-576
Published: July 25, 1964
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the previous papery1), 2) it was reported by the present authors that chitinase was present in the stomach and the liver of Japanese sea-bass, Leteolabrax japonicus and was suggested that the enzyme was not originated from bacteria but it was inherent in the fish itself.
The present study was carried out in order to ascertain whether chitinase was present or not, in digestive organs of a few kinds of aquatic animals.
After crushing, the tissue was used, as it was, as the enzyme preparation. Enzyme ac-tivity was estimated by the method as described before2). Results obtained are as follows:
1) Chitinase activity has been found in the stomachs, the livers and the spleens of all fish tested, while, with the cephalopoda tested, it was found in the stomach, the liver and the buccal mass (Table 1).
2) A considerably large amount of chitin-decomposing bacteria (1.7×104 cells per gram of gastric contents) was found in the gastric contents of Japanese sea-bass (Table 2).View full abstractDownload PDF (208K) -
VIII.CONDITIONS FOR EXTRACTION OF TOTAL-AND AMINO-NITROGENS WITH AQUEOUS ETHANOLAyako OKUMURA, Keiichi OISHI, Kiichi MURATA1964 Volume 30 Issue 7 Pages 577-579
Published: July 25, 1964
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAs shown in Figs. 1 and 2, extraction with aqueous ethanol of total-and amino-nitrogens from kombu was more difficult than that with water reported in the previous paper1). The higher the extracting temperature, the larger the quantities of extracted nitrogens (Fig. 3).
The quantities decreased rapidly with increase of the concentration of ethanol higher than 70% (Fig.4). The quantities of the extracted nitrogens were almost constant when more than 1g of the sample per 100 cc of 70% ethanol were used, but they increased considerably when less than 1g of it was extracted (Fig. 5).View full abstractDownload PDF (144K) -
Hiroki NAKAGAWA, Noriyuki ENOMOTO, Yukio TOMIYASU1964 Volume 30 Issue 7 Pages 580-584
Published: July 25, 1964
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe crystal of N-acetylneuraminic acid from the nasal cartilage of a whale was obtained in the form of needles (Fig. 2) by using Dowex I resins after hydrolysis with 0.03 N sulfuric acid. The content of N-acetylneuraminic acid was 1.0% on dry weight determination.View full abstractDownload PDF (902K) -
Kazuo ANDO1964 Volume 30 Issue 7 Pages 585-588
Published: July 25, 1964
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGenerally there are three forms of myoglobin (Mb) in meat; reduced Mb, oxymyoglobin (MbO2) and metmyoglobin (MMb), and the discoloration of meat is caused mainly by the transformation of MbO2 to MMb. So the degree of discoloration of meat is shown by MMb content. Several authors have made the determination by spectrophotometrically using water extract of meat1)5)6). This report presents a simple method for the determination of MMb using opal glass apparatus9)10). It was found generally that tuna meat which was selled as a fillet contained Mb02 and MMb, and these absorption spectra have two isosbestic points at 520 and 590mμ, and have alpha and beta band at 575 and 540mμ, respectively.
No shift can be seen on both absorption band at 540 mμ and isosbestic point at 520 mμ in different samples tested, while the alpha band at 575 mμ and the isosbestic point at 590 mμ were very often shifted within a few mμ's. Calculations were made by using E540 and E520 which were obtained by subtracting the tailing absorption value due to opal glass in the range of wavelength between 670 and 700 mμ.
Using differently discolored samples the ratio (R) of the absorption value at 540mμ to cul-culated by the author's method were plotted against MMb contents determined by the method of Sano and Hashimoto6) and linear line is obtained. (Fig. 2)
Thus the MMb content in commercial tuna meat fillets can be promptly determined from this figure and the ratio R which can be easily obtained within a few minutes with the aid of opal glass apparatus.View full abstractDownload PDF (236K) -
THE EFFECTS OF LIPIDS ISOLATED FROM SARGASSUM RINGOLDIANUMTakashi KANEDA, Kimie ARAI1964 Volume 30 Issue 7 Pages 589-593
Published: July 25, 1964
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn a previous work ?? the authors observed that fucosterol isolated from brown algae could slightly reduce liver cholestrol in rats but almost no effect against their plasma cholesterol.
In 1962 Reiner and his co-workers reported that fucosterol caused a significant diminution in plasma cholesterol level of young Leghorn cockerels.
Using rats, the authors re-examined the effect of fucosterol on cholesterol metabolism. In this experiment, check was also made for the effects of unsaponifiable fraction and of methyl ester of fatty acids isolated from Sargassum ringoldianum. Rats were fed ad lib. for 16 days a diet containing fucosterol, fucosterol-free unsaponifiable matter of Sargassum lipids or methyl ester of the fatty acids separated from the same algae.
Exogenous (1%) cholesterol was added to each group of the diet. As shown in Table 3, fucosterol and other unsaponifiable matter could reduce slightly plasma and liver cholesterol. However, the effect of these substances was lower than β-sitosterol used as control. Methyl ester of fatty acids showed no effect.
The differences of the effects between the present results and Reiners' are probably originated from the difference of animals used for the tests.View full abstractDownload PDF (272K)
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