巻号一覧
30 巻, 9 号
選択された号の論文の11件中1～11を表示しています
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小林 久雄, 戸谷 肇1964 年 30 巻 9 号 p. 711-716
発行日: 1964/09/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーWe observed the developmental process of ctenii in the ctenoid scales of red sea bream Chrysophrys major TEMMINCK et SCHLEGEL in comparison with that of common sea bass Lateolabrax japonicus CUVIER et VALENCIENNES, and the following results were obtained.
1) In this fish, we found another example of a similar destruction phenomenon in fully formed spine of ctenoid scales to what we ascertained in that of common sea bass (KOBAYASI and MIWA, 1964).
2) But in this species, they formed a split between the proximal and the middle portion of spine just before the starting of destruction phenomenon, and a similar split emerged between the middle and the distal pointed portion some time after the formation of primary split.
3) Another destruction was observed that extended from distal portion to anterior direction beside one or both side destruction of middle portion of split.
4) On the observation by sectioned materials, the scale increases in size and thickness by the addition of scale substance in the direction of scale margin and lower surface, but it does not on the upper surface.
5) The fact above-mentioned in 4) coincides with that of goldfish by HIYAMA and ICHIKAYA (1954) and YAMADA (1961), but it does not with the contents of HASE's paper (1911).
6) If the HASE's opinion is correct, the old spinal bases of the ctenoid scale should be imbedded in the scale substance, but our observation was not so in fact.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2102K) -
佐藤 忠勇, 松本 三郎, 堀口 吉重, 辻井 禎1964 年 30 巻 9 号 p. 717-722
発行日: 1964/09/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIt is well known that lamellibranchs are very sensitive to disturbance and changes in the environmental condition and that they react by sl owing down or even stopping the water transport. In most investigations into lamellibranchs, filtering rates measured under laboratorical conditions tend, therefore, to be lower than under natural conditions. Thus, the purpose of the present investigation is to determine the filtering rate of the pearl oyster, Pteria (Pinctada) martensii DUNKER, under normal environment, namely, in the sea.
The authors have employed the crude silicate as an indicator since it is much contained in suspending materials and in faeces. Moreover, the silicate is relatively stable in the process of the digestion (Table 2).
Filtering and feeding-rate were calculated formula (1) and (2).
Filtering rate (liter)=Amount of insoluble crude silicate in faeces of peral oyster/Amount of insoluble crude silicate in one liter sea water
(1)
Feeding rate of pearl oyster=Filtering rate×Amount of suspending matter in one
liter of sea water (2)
Approximate estimation of filtering rate from crude silicate method was 24-352l/one pearl oyster/one day (average, 167l in Matoya Bay). These values are two times higher than the results of generally used methods (Table 4). In this experiment, the feeding rate (as dry matter) ranges from 63-774mg/one pearl oyster/one day (average, 380mg in Matoya Bay) (Table 3).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (411K) -
淡水・等調液・体腔液・尿の稀釈による精子の活動性と精液の貯蔵について野村 稔1964 年 30 巻 9 号 p. 723-733
発行日: 1964/09/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーTo the semen and spermatozoa of hatchery reared rainbow trout, natural freshwater, isotonic salt solution (disolved NaCl 55.05g, KCl 1.97g and CaCl2•2H2O3.14g in 7.5l. natural water), ovarian fluid, and its own urine were added in varied proportions. The activities, in movement and duration, of the spermatozoa were examined under microscope. The examination was followed by discussion on their longevity referred to storage. Dilution was expressed by the relative volume of diluents (diluent/semen and spermatozoa, in volume).
1) The spermatozoa remain motionless unless the semen are diluted with more than a certain relative volume of diluents, and relative volume varies depending on diluents applied. An initial movement of spermatozoa is activated by treating of, in order of lesser to higher, ovarian fluid, isotonic salt solution and water (Table 5).
2) The inactive spermatozoa treated by water are accelerated by adding more water. However, the time of the second addition enabling the movement after the first dilution is negatively proportional to the amount of water in the first dilution (Fig. 1 and Table 1).
3) The type and duration of the movement of spermatozoa vary with the amounts and kinds of diluents (Fig. 1). In the dilution with water the duration in the movement of spermatozoa is lengthened as the volume of diluent increases up to a certain extent, and then shortened gradually by further addition. While, in the dilution by both isotonic salt solution and ovarian fluid the spermatozoa movement is accelerated and lengthened with the increase of diluent.
4) The spermatozoa treated firstly by ovarian fluid could be acitivated again intensely from gradually weakened condition and complete immobility by adding water, an uniquness of the ovarian fluid (Table 2). The fertility of spermatozoa in diluted semen with ovarian fluid (relative volume 3) could be maintained for 5 days and 7 hours after dilution (Table 4).
5) No definite results were obtained in the spermatozoa movement by dilution with rainbow trout urine; the movement varied from the states as in the case of dilution by water to nearly complete immobility which results from dilution by a large amount of urine. It is believed that urine has a retarding effect on the motility of the spermatozoa, admitting that the nature of urine might be involved. Chemical nature of urine compared to sexual products is quite distinct (Table 6).
6) Seminal plasma has no activating effect on the motility of spermatozoa (Table 3). Any-diluent containing seminal plasma show lowering of activating effect. The spermatozoa which separated from seminal plasma by centrifugation of semen (3000 r. p.m., 30 minutes) could maintain normal motility and fertility for more than 7 days at a temperature ranging from 5° to 10°C (Table 4). It may be stated that the spermatozoa derived by centrifugation can stand on an extended period.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (827K) -
落合 明, 吉光 虎之助1964 年 30 巻 9 号 p. 734-741
発行日: 1964/09/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーhe distributional pattern of each population of red salmon which came migrating to the fishing grounds for the Japanese mother ship salmon fishery in summer, 1960 was tentatively examined mainly based on the appearance of dominant age groups. The samples used for this purpose have been obtained every five day unit from various unit areas limited by longitude 1° and latitude 1°, respectively. Our first examined population, which have belonged apparently to the East Kamchatka type, was especially dominant in number during the period between May and late June in the North Pacific waters lying from the southeastern coast of Kamchatka to nearly as far east as longitude 173°E, with their southern bounds in latitude 47°-48°N (Fig. 2). This population was chiefly composed of the 52 and the 63 age groups of 3-ocean-year-old salmon. Those red salmon migrating to Olyutorskii District were dominant in number late in June in the western part of the Bering Sea bounded by 58°-60°N and 171°-178°E, mainly represented by the 52 and the 63 age groups, as was seen in the East Kamchatka salmon.
The West Kamchatka red salmon, which were mainly composed of the 53 or the 42 age group of the 2-ocean-year-old ones, seemed to have come migrating from some farther south to the northern limits of the North Pacific, west of longitude 174°E. The 53 age group appeared at first rather in plenty early in June in the waters bounded by 46°-48°N and 160°-170°E, and then rapidly extended northward, until in July the group was seen in nearly all the waters where those salmon of the East Kamchatka type had been found abundantly in May or June. As to the 42 age group, it was dominant in number from the middle of July till the latter part of the same month in the same waters where the 53 age group had been plentifully found in June and July. Red salmon, which have their origin in the Bristol Bay, Alaska, made their appearance in May or in June in the Bering Sea and the waters around the Aleutian Ids, lying between 50°-56°N and 171°E-178°W (Fig. 2). Age composition characterized this group of salmon in 1960, for the 42 age group was very dominant in number.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (580K) -
産卵習性について大場 俊雄1964 年 30 巻 9 号 p. 742-748
発行日: 1964/09/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーHaliotis diversicolor supertexta is a commercially important shellfish in Japan. However no systematic investigation has ever been made on the ecology of this shellfish.
The writer has conducted several studies since March 1962 on the spawning habits of this abalone. As a result of the studies made so far, the change of coefficient of maturity, the change of ratio of soft body weight to whole body weight, and the biological minimum size have been clarified.
The relation between shell length (L) and width (D) is expressed by formula D=0.01760+0.68848L; on the other hand, formula W=0.06953L3.3234 describes the relation between shell length (L) and body weight (W).
Seasonal change of the coefficient of maturity is shown in Fig. 3. These figures show that the coefficient of maturity enters the period of growth from March, attaining maximum value in July, and entering the period of decrease in August, and that from December toFebruary it enters the quiescent period and minimum value is reached.
The biological minimum size is estimated at 3.5cm in shell length based upon the examination of younger materials.
Weight composition of their shell, visceral mass and muscle, shows on the average 32.50%, 20.75%, 46.75% respectively. Seasonal chage of the ratio of soft body weight to whole body weight is shown in Fig. 4.
The writer believes that this abalone has its spawning season once a year, from June to November.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (333K) -
エキス構成々分の呈味性小俣 靖1964 年 30 巻 9 号 p. 749-756
発行日: 1964/09/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーTo elucidate the taste of “Uni”, the raw unripe gonad of sea-urchin, sensory tests were carried out on test solutions prepared by mixing L-amino acids and other authentic reagents so as to reproduce partly or wholly the natural extracts. The composition and concentration of each constituent were based on the analytical data on Bafun-uni III reported in the previous papers1) ?? 3) (Table 1).
The test solution containing all constituents satisfactorily reproduced the original taste of “Uni”, showing that they cover all the essential tasting substances.
Teste on the solutions from which some of the components were eliminated in a group, indicated that amino acids and nucleotides are responsible for the taste and other groups, organic bases, organic acids and glucose, make little contribution, if any. Among amino acids, only the limited members, such as glycine, alanine, valine, glutamic acid and methionine were judged to be essential for the taste and role of other amino acids was insignificant. Glycine and alanine contributed to the sweetness, valine to the characteristic bitterness, and glutamic acid, in interaction with inosinic and guanylic acids, to the meaty taste, respectively. Methionine, even though a minor component, was indispensable to development of a peculiar taste of “Uni” (Table 2), and it thickened the taste and enhanced the after-taste. This sweet-bitter amino acid was found to show a threshold value as low as 0.00125% (Table 3).
Inosinic acid, together with guanylic acid, attributed to the meaty taste and hypoxanthine, the most abundunt purine base in the extracts, did not reveal any taste, as shown in Table 4. Although glycogen itself was entirely tasteless, it showed a distinct body effect by smoothing the taste of test solution.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (565K) -
“ダンカン”現象に関与する細菌群の性状について藤沢 浩明1964 年 30 巻 9 号 p. 757-771
発行日: 1964/09/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe distribution and the classification of bacteria concerning the spoilage of “tokoroten”and agar during the manufacturing process in mild winter were studied.
The results obtained are shown in Tables 1-10, and summarized as follows:
1. Implements, water, material algae used for the manufacture, spoilt “tokoroten” and degraded agar were found to be contaminated with a large number of bacteria including agar-decomposing ones.
2. As agar-decomposing bacteria 46 strains were isolated and they were classified into 2 genera-4 species according to BERGEY's Manual 7) and H. J. HUMM 8), namely, Pseudomonas lacunogenes, Pseudomonas segnis, Pseudomonas perfectomarinus and Bacterium rhodomelae.
Of the species mentioned above, Pseudomonas lacunogenes appeared to play an important role in the spoilage of “tokoroten” and agar.
3. As chromobacteria 45 strains belonging to 5 genera-14 species were isolated, namely, Flavobacterium lactis, Flavobacterium esteroaromaticum, Flavobacterium solare, Flavobacterium harrisonii, Pseudomonas solaniolens, Pseudomonas salopium, Pseudomonas radiciperda, Pseudomonas melophthara, Corynebacterium agropyri, Corynebacterium michiganense, Bacterium imperiale, Micrococcus cinnabareus, Micrococcus luteus, Micrococcus varians.
Among these 14 species Flavobacterium lactis which was most predominat and actively produced pigment, may be causative of the coloration of degraded agar.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2452K) -
魚肉に添加したタイロシンの挙動横関 源延, 根本 智恵子, 天野 慶之1964 年 30 巻 9 号 p. 772-777
発行日: 1964/09/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーTylosin, an antibiotic substance of the macrolide group, has shown a marked inhibitory effect in vitro against Gram-positive bacteria, especially against Bacillus species. And, it may be used in fish sausage preparation for the purpose of preservation, since the major cause of the deterioration of fish sausage has been due to the growth of sporeforming bacilli, which are able to survive in the product after heat processing.
In the present paper, the authors described some of their observations on the retention rate of active tylosin in fish sausage, measured by a cylinder plate assay using Sarcina lutea as the test organism.
As indicated in Figs. 1 and 2, an abrupt decrease in the rate of recovery was obvious in fish sausage after one week??s incubation at 37C. Heat processing may play a big role in the loss of the activity of tylosin, as it is noted from Figs. 3 to 5, while a fairly good recovery of the activity was observed in raw flesh of fish.
The rate of recovery of tylosin after heat processing seemed to be different with the species of fish, as shown in Table 2, and lower retention values were noticed in shark varieties.
In the two separate experiments, on the other hand, conducted on starchy materials, the rate of recovery was almost near to 100%, even after heating was applied.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (381K) -
ニジマスヘの脂質の多量投与の効果と健康への影響東 秀雄, 金子 徳五郎, 石井 清之助, 増田 績, 杉橋 孝夫1964 年 30 巻 9 号 p. 778-785
発行日: 1964/09/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIt is usually assumed that a large amount of oil contained in food for fish under cultivation is harmful.
However, there are reasons to believe that oil kept in good quality would bring no harm to fish.
To prove this point, breeding experiments of rainbow trout (Salmo irideus) were undertaken for six months in 1961.
The kinds of oil used were fin whale oil and residual oil from molecular distillation of Vitamin A of Alaska pollack liver oil. In this experiment, the fish were divided into four groups A to D. Groups A to C were fed with diets containing both oils at the same levels 2.5, 7.5 and 12.5%, respectively. Group D had the diet containing the fin whale oil at 15% but not the other oil. Detailed compositions of the dietary ingredients and their nutritive components are given in Tables 1 and 2.
The experiment was carried out, in two periods; the first period was from Jan. 27th to Apr. 18th and the second was from Apr. 19th to July 19th, 1961.
Feeding was continued until the fish began to reject the offering.
The experiment revealed that if the dietary oil was protected from oxidation or decomposition, the fish could be reared in good health with low mortality even when they were fed with a large amount of oil (Table 9).
Measurement of the oil contents in different parts of the fish indicated an increase of the oil contents in the flesh, adipose tissue of vicera, liver and kidney with the progress of the feeding period.
The ratios of the oil contents in these parts were parallel with those of oil in the diet (Table 6).
In the first period of the experiment the groups of fish which grew faster than any other groups were B and D fed with the diet containing 15% oil; in the second period, it was group C fed with the diet of 25% oil (Tables 4 and 5).
These phenomena may be attributed to any of the following reasons or their combinations: a) in the earlier months of the experiment the water tempexatu??e was lower, b) the fish were smaller in those months, c) in the later months they became accustomed to the diet of a high oil content.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (545K) -
堀江 進, 佐伯 和昭, 小嶋 秩夫, 奈良 正人, 関根 隆1964 年 30 巻 9 号 p. 786-791
発行日: 1964/09/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn the previous oceanographic survey conducted by HORIE et al.3) it was revealed that Biotype 1 organisms of Vibrio parahaemolyticus distribute in coastal sea area. It was also noted that Biotype 1 organisms can be more frequently isolated from plankton or marine mud than from sea water sample.
The present study was undertaken to investigate the occurrence of Biotype 1 or 2 organisms in the plankton or fish inhabiting in the pelagic ocean. The survey was carried out aboard the Umitaka-maru, a research vessel of Tokyo University of Fisheries in the sea off Southern Kanto and Tokai districts late in July 1963. The location of sampling stations is shown in Fig. 1. Plankton samples were obtained at all the 13 stations, whereas young fish were caught only at 3 stations. At the station 9, particularly, several samples of sizable fish and squid could be caught using flyingfish drift net, and the gastric contents of these organ-isms were tested.
A selective liquid medium, 3% NaCl containing arabinose ethyl violet broth (AE medium), as shown in Table 1, was used. In order to get higher rate of detection of Biotype 1 organisms, ME medium, 3% NaCl containing mannitol ethyl violet broth was employed, and the said medium of pH 7.8 was used in parallel with that of pH 9.0.
No bacteria belonging to Biotype 1 could be detected from the samples collected in the pelagic ocean, whereas Biotype 2 were found to be widely distributed in the plankton samples. Biotype 3 bacteria was not isolated from the plankton, but detected in the samples of young fish and in the gastric contents of fish and squid. Some strains isolated from the flying fish could be classified as Biotype 2 on account of the salt resistance, positive Voges-Proskauer reaction and sucrose fermentation, however, they were differentiated from the typical organisms of Biotype 2 by other biological features.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (359K) -
鈴木 たね子1964 年 30 巻 9 号 p. 792-800
発行日: 1964/09/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (681K)
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