巻号一覧
31 巻, 11 号
選択された号の論文の11件中1～11を表示しています
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ニッコウイワナの内分泌腺における季節的変化本間 義治, 田村 栄光1965 年 31 巻 11 号 p. 867-877
発行日: 1965/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn order to clarify some biological problems, such as classification, habit, behavior and the role of the endocrine gland in the life history of the Japanese chars, the specimens were collected and observed. In the present paper, the changes occurring in the thyroid, pituitary, adrenal cortical tissue and gonads of the fish, the Nikkô-iwana, Salvelinus leucomaenis pluvius (Hilgendorf), throughout its life-span were examined histologically. The Nikkô-iwana were obtained from the mountain tributaries of Seki-gawa River in the south-western part of Niigata Prefecture, the Japan Sea side.
Although there could not be seen the prominent hyperfunctioning figure in the thyroid gland of the fish throughout the year, higher activity of the gland in the spring and spawning runners suggests that the function of the gland is correlated with the active locomotion of the fish.
The conspicuous changes in the external appearance and cyclic changes in the cyto-histology of the pituitary gland of the fish throughout its life-span were detected. It is intimated that the presence of dilated castration cells with mono-or polynuclei, located chiefly in the proximal zone of pars distalis (=mesoadenohypophysis), is one of the characteristics of the spent fish or old fish.
A marked indication of hyperadrenocorticism, accompanying the, maturation of the gonads, was not recognized. It is likely that the fish except of senile one can survive after spawning which forces a severe exhaustion of the fish, since there is no extreme pathologic figure of the endocrine gland nor the dead bodies in the spawning place such as occurred in the postspawning Ayu and Pacific salmon.
By examination of the process of gametogenesis and conditions of mature and spent gonads, the breeding season of the Nikkô-iwana in the mountain tributaries of Seki-gawa River seems to be the fall, from the latter part of October to early in November. It seems to be probable that the fish can spawn several times throughout its life-span.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1106K) -
ニッコウイワナの視床下部神経分泌系本間 義治, 田村 栄光1965 年 31 巻 11 号 p. 878-887
発行日: 1965/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe anatomy and the seasonal secretory cycle of the hypothalamo-hypophysial neurosecretory system in the Japanese char, the Nikko-iwana, Salvelinus leucomaenis pluvius, were examined histologically. The results obtained were as follows.
1. Using Billenstein's (1963) staining methods, the neurosecretory substances of the nucleus preopticus lateralis are stained differentially. The former is CH- or AFpositive and the latter is acid fuchsin, azocarmine and phloxine positive.
2. The blue or purple axonal tracts of the nucleus preopticus reach the more ventral part of the neurohypophysis, via the hypothalamus, and the secretory substance is stored in the digits that penetrate into the pars intermedia. On the other hand, the red axons are distributed in the more dorsal part of the neurohypophysis, and some are found near the proximal zone of the pars distails.
3. Although a picture of secretion in the nucleus preopticus is recognized throughout the year, the activity becomes more marked in the prespawning season, and decreases after spawning. It seems probable that the neurohormonal substance stored in the neurohypophysis plays a role in the ejection of gametes.
4. In adult fish that have gonad-stimulating cells in the adenohypophysis, the secretory phase of the nucleus lateralis tuberis is also recognized throughout the year. The activity of the nucleus is correlated with the increase in number of the gonadotrophs and ripeness of the gametes. The secretory substance may be concerned with control of the gonad-stimulationg cells.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1051K) -
富田 恭司1965 年 31 巻 11 号 p. 888-895
発行日: 1965/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe author investigated the resources of the scallop, Patinopecten yessoensis JAY, and the benthonic communities of the scallop fishing grounds during the period from May to August in 1962 and 1963 at Sarufutu, Tonbetu, and Esasi in Soya District. On the basis of these results he discussed the fluctuation of the scallop resources after 1960 in these three regions (Table 1), and the composition of the benthonic communities of the scallop fishing ground in June of 1964 at Tonbetu (Table 2). The results obtained are as follows:
1. The scallop resources were estimated by strip-fishing method (Fig. 1) and DeLury's method in these three regions (Table 1).
2. In these three regions the scallop resources tend to decrease gradually, and it seems to be caused by following two factors:
1) Fewer appearance of the youger scallop (Fig. 2); According to the investigations of Hokkaido Fisheries Experimental Station, the younger scallop were always at the head of age distribution after 1955 at Tokoro and Monbetu, where are the main fishing grounds of scallop at present in Okhotsk Sea, Abasiri Dist., Hokkaido.
2) Overfishing; Some years ago, fishing amounts of the scallop were decided on the basis of all estimated resources included them of the outside of main fishing ground.
3. The benthonic communities of all the stations at Tonbetu were dominated by Asterina pectinifera, Asterias nippon, and Strongylocentrotus sp. respectively. The population densities of the scallop were fairly lower than these species at each station (Table 2).
4. According to the correlation method (Motomura, 1935, '52), which was applied to the benthonic composition, the benthos of twenty stations at Tonbetu were divided by those correlation coefficient series into five groups as follows;
Group 1: Asterina pectinifera Community.
Group 2: Asterina pectinifera-Asterias nippon Community.
Group 3: Asterias nippon-Asterina pectinifera Community.
Group 4: Strongylocentrotus sp. Community.
Group 5: Asterina pectinifera-Asterias nippon-Strongylocentrotus sp. Community.
The relation between the scallop communities and above mentioned groups is not clear (Fig. 3).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (515K) -
魚類耳石の透明帯および不透明帯の窒素量の相違について麦谷 泰雄1965 年 31 巻 11 号 p. 896-901
発行日: 1965/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe nitrogen content of both the opaque and translucent zones of the otolith was determined by the micro-Kjeldahl method of KING slightly modified, using seven marine and two fresh-water fish.
(1) In the case of the otolith which is flat on both its inner and outer sides, two different parts of the opaque and translucent zones of it can be successfully separated by use of a dental excavator equipped with a small diamond disk.
(2) The nitrogen content of the otoliths measured was very small, ranging from 0.17 to 0.23% of their total weight. However, the opaque zone was found to contain more nitrogen than the translucent one, ranging from 0.22 to 0.26% and from 0.15 to 0.18%, respectively.
(3) Accordingly, the amount of protein deposited on otolith is considered to be an important factor which determines the difference between the opaque and translucent zones of the otolith.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (319K) -
井上 正昭1965 年 31 巻 11 号 p. 902-906
発行日: 1965/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn culturing phyllosoma, it is important to determine the optimum water temperature and suitable density and size of food to be fed. The experiment by carried out the use of nauplius of the brine shrimp Artemia salina as food phyllosoma gave the following results. 1. Limiting effects of water temperature on the quantity of food taken by phyllosoma were observed when the temperature was lower than 22°C or higher than 28°C. No effect due to the difference in temperature was seen as long as the tempepature varied within the range 22°C to 26°C that was equivalent to range of water temperature at the lobster's spawning season, and quantity of food taken by phyllosoma in such condition was one body of Artemia nauplii per head per hour.
2. The food taken by phyllosoma increased in quantity with rise of the density of food as long as the density was not more than 4 nauplii per mili litre of water, but further in-crease in the quantity of food taken was not observed when the density was raised exceed-ing this range. This suggests that it is possible to culture phyllosoma in the state of reple-tion by keeping the density of food always at 4 per mili litre of water. In cases in which the range of food density is within 1 to 8 per mili litre of water, the relation between the density (n) and the quantity of food (N) taken by phyllosoma of the 1st or the 3rd stage is expressed by n=a+bN+cN2.
3. The size of food to be given should be altered in accordance with the respective stage of phyllosoma. The suitable size of food for phyllosoma in the 1st and 2nd stages is A and B, respectively, and that for 3rd stage is C in the same (Table 2). The size of food for the phyllosoma of 4th stage and/or older ones should also be altered with the progress of the stage.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (341K) -
山内 幸児1965 年 31 巻 11 号 p. 907-915
発行日: 1965/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe rearing of the larvae from egg bearing females of C. affinis obtained in Ako fishing ground was carried, and the writer succeeded in rearing through the six metamorphoses from hatching to the bottom stage.
The writer found three kinds of the effective food for the larval stages: the triturated clam meat of Paphia undulate, planktonic aterial and Brachionus plicatilus O. F. MÜLLER which were obtained by a Diatom net.
All the larvae which were ted on Skeletonema costatum did not molt, and died after rearing for 4 days.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (517K) -
コイの養殖試験佐伯 有常1965 年 31 巻 11 号 p. 916-923
発行日: 1965/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThree closed-circulating systems for carp culture were constructed by applying the standard design reported in the preceeding paper1). Each of these has 25, 48 and 76m2 of filter bed and 75, 135 and 360m3/h circulating pumps as shown in Table 1.
Carp culture tests were carried out six times in the period from 1961 to 19642, 3) Into the systems 0.55-3.00 tons carp were introduced at the beginning of the tests and 0.6-4.0 tons of dried silk worm pupae and dry pellets were given in about two months (Table 2). The percent increase of body weight was 60-80%. The utility ratio of feed was 49-99% (Table 4).
Water was supplied during the tests to replace the loss due to evaporation and washing the filter beds. The mean daily supply was 8.6% of the total volume of the water of the system (Table 5). In the 2nd system the total water used for producing one ton carp was 646m3.
The increase of some components in the water with 100kg of dried feed were as follows in the 2nd test:
Nitrate-N, 2.2kg; Sulphate, 3.1kg; Ca, 2.4kg; K, 0.27kg; Na, 0.15; Mg, 0.13kg; Phosphate-P, 0.07kg, where the value of Ca includes the amount derived by the dissolution of concrete walls.
Typical acidification and nitrate accumlation in the water were observed as shown in Table 6. The content of dissolved oxygen in the water was maintained between 4.6 and 2.5ml/l.
The balance of oxygen gas and the cycle of nitrogenous compounds in the system were studied (Table 8, 9). The load of the filter expressed in Kjeldhal-N was 74-91g/m3, day, which was higher than that of high rate trickling filter4).
From the results of the present tests the elements for designing 1 ton carp culture system were summarized as follows.
Fish pond area, 30m2; filter bed area, 12m2; volume of filter bed, 7m3; circulating rate (three times of aseration by water-fall), 30m3/h.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (509K) -
金属イオンの存在下で起るタイロシンの加熱失活の機作および,その生成物について河端 俊治, 渋谷 公代, 鈴木 健1965 年 31 巻 11 号 p. 924-933
発行日: 1965/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーTylosin, a macrolide class antibiotic, has been reported to be a fairly heat stable substance. In the previous papers1), the antibacterial activity of tylosin was found to be lowered by heating with Fe+++, Al+++ or Sn++ at low acid pH. The present work aimed to elucidate the mechanism of inactivation of tylosin by the action of such metal ions as Fe+++, Al+++ and Sn++ at elevated temperature at low pH, and the identification of a degradation product of tylosin was carried out.
Results obtained may be summarized as follows:
1. Inactivation caused by different metal ions ceased at respective constant level after being heated between 15 minutes and 3 hours at 100°C with each 300 ppm of test metal ions (Table 1).
2. With a lower metal concentration, the rate of inactivation of tylosin ran parallel with the increase in concentration, however, beyond a certain limit, the rate of inactivation kept at a constant level. The maximum level of inactivation of tylosin were 60% with Fe+++, 46% with Al+++ and 41% with Sn++, respectively (see Tables 2 and 3).
The inactivation of tylosin caused by metal ions depended much upon the pH value of test solution. When the pH value of test solution containing Fe+++ was adjusted to 2.5, there occurred no marked change in the rate of inactivation nevertheless the presence of 1.6 to 100 fold amount of Fe+++ against tylosin in terms of molecular weight (Table 5). The antibacterial activity of an acid degradation product with Fe+++ was found to correspond with that of 0-mycaminosyl tylonolide (O. M. T.), a degradation product of tylosin (Table 6 and Fig. 5).
3. No appreciable change in the antibacterial activity of O. M. T. was noted when it was heated at 100°C for 1 hour in the presence of each 300 ppm of Fe+++, Al+++ or Sn++ (Table 4).
4. The products obtained from tylosin, desmycosin or O. M . T. by heating with equimol amount of Fe+++ in acid condition were found to correspond to O. M. T. by the thin layer chromatography (Figs. 1 and 2). The melting point of this degradation product of tylosin with Fe+++ was found to be 117°C which coincided with that of standard O. M. T., in addition, no appreciable change in the melting point was noted when both of the product and standard O. M. T. were mixed together. The pattern of infrared spectrum of this product was coincident to that of O. M. T.
The aforementioned facts might indicate that the product is O. M. T.
5. The mechanism of decreasing in the tylosin activity by heating with such metal ions as Fe+++, Al+++ or Sn++ would be the following; firstly, tylosin will convert into desmycosin by liberating mycarose (at pH less than 5), and secondly, the resultant desmycosin will lose mycinose to convert into O. M. T. by the action of metal ions, especially at pH less than 3.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (618K) -
小嶋 秩夫, 河端 俊治, 興津 知明1965 年 31 巻 11 号 p. 934-939
発行日: 1965/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーEffect of some food preservatives and antibiotics upon the germination of spores of Bacillus subtilis Marburg strain has been studied.
Results obtained may be summarized as follows:
1. No appreciable difference in the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the drugs was observed between those valuse obtained with vegetative cells and those with spores of the test organism (Table 2).
Nitrofurazone (NFS), nitrofurylacryl amide (NFA), and chlortetracycline (CTC) were found to inhibit the growth of test organism, while the remaining drugs so far tested did not exhibit the growth inhibition within respective permissible concentration.
2. Concerning effects of drugs on the germination of spores determined turbidimetrically, none of the test drug showed apparent inhibitory action on the germination of spores, on the other hand, inhibition appeared in the growth after germination, so-called outgrowth stage or post-germinative development. Seemingly the rate of inhibition appeared in the outgrowth stage run parallel with the increment of concentration of a drug (Fig. 1 and 2).
3. No marked difference in the inhibitory action of NFS in the outgrowth stage of spores was observed between pH 6.0 and 8.0 (Fig. 3), while sodium dehydroacetate and sodium sorbate were more effective in acidic medium than in neutral or alkaline (Figs. 4 and 5).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (375K) -
小嶋 秩夫, 河端 俊治, 興津 知明1965 年 31 巻 11 号 p. 940-946
発行日: 1965/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーEffects of heating on the action of some food preservatives and antibiotics to bacterial spores were stuied by determining changes in minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and in heat resistance of B. subtilis Marburg strain and other species of bacilli.
Results obtained may be summarized as follows:
1. MIC values of B. subtilis spores for various food preservatives and some antibiotics were determined under the following 4 treating conditions; viz., (1), the test drug and spores were heated together in the phosphate buffer of pH 7.0 at 85°C for 30 minutes, (2), the heated spores at 85°C for 30 minutes were inoculated into media containing a binary dilution series of each test drug, (3), unheated spores were inoculated into media containing a binary dilution series of heated test drug at 85°C for 30 minutes, and (4), unheated control, both spores and test drug. Consequently, no marked difference in MIC value for each drug was noted among those values obtained by different treating conditions, except chlortetracycline (CTC) and oxytetracycline (OTC) both of which are known to be easily destructed by heating (Table 1).
2. As to the effect of heating temperature of spores of B. subtilis, no appreciable difference in MIC for nitrofurazone (NFS) or tylosin (TI) was observed by heating at 60°, 70°, 80° or 90°C for 30 minutes (Table 2).
3. Judging from the germination pattern figured in terms of optical density, no detectable combined effect of heating with the action of each drug was noted under the similar condition mentioned above (Fig. 1).
4. Effect of NFS or Tl on the heat sensitivity of spores of bacilli in Sörensen phosphate buffer solution of different pHs was examined by measuring surviving spore numbers after being heated at different temperatures.
Heating at 85°C for 30 minutes at pH 7.0, the presence of each test drug did not change the rate of survivals of B. subtilis spores, while heating at 95°C, a marked decrease in the number of surviving spores was noted. This tendency was more conspicuous at pH 6.0 that at pH 7.0 (Figs. 2-4).
As to the spores of B. megaterium having rather weak heat resistance, NFS showed an apparent combined effect with heating at 85°C for 30 minutes at pH 7.0, whereas Tl did not enhance the effect of heating or decrease in the heat sensitivity of spores of the test organisms even at a higher concentration of it (Fig. 5).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (484K) -
片山 輝久, 池田 伸義, 原田 喜代子1965 年 31 巻 11 号 p. 947-952
発行日: 1965/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーBesides astaxanthin, the existence of lutein and taraxanthin-like compound was confirmed as the carotenoids of red pigments in sea breams. The contents of astaxanthin in the cultured sea breams at the Ushine Fish Farm, Kagoshima, were only one-twentieth of those in the natural sea breams of the same size, caught around the Kagoshima Bay, so it was clarified that the faded color of the cultured sea breams at the Ushine Fish Farm was caused by the extremely small amount of astaxanthin contained in them.
It has commonly considered that fish, with all other animals, do not possess any ability to synthesize carotenoids de novo, but they can alter alimentary carotenoids by oxidation and can store the resulted products, therefore the contents of the stomach of natural sea breams were examined, and the half digested Squilla oratoria and other Crustacea were found in them. It was assumed that the most of astaxanthin in natural sea breams was brought about their foods.
The dried Euphausiacea, used as foods to the cultured sea breams at the Ushine Fish Farm, contained only a trace of astaxanthin in them. Most of their astaxanthin was assumed to have been oxidized and destroyed during the unsuitable storage. The bait containing more amounts of astaxanthin, like fresh Euphausiacea, should be given to the cultured sea breams at a fish farm as the foods.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (293K)
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