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Volume 31, Issue 2
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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YELLOWFIN TUNAJun NAKAGOME, Hisao TSUCHIYA, Shigemichi SUZUKI, Satoshi TANAKA, Tetsu ...1965 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 97-100
Published: February 25, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe variability of age composition by water temperature and by locality have been studied on yellowfin tuna of tropical Atlantic Ocean. The results obtained were as follows.
1) Age composition of the fish was found to be related to the water temperature at surface and at 50m depth, and to the distance from continent to the living area.
2) Few fish of five-year old were found in lower water temperature area (lower than 24°C at surface or than 21°C at 50m depth) or in near-land waters (nearer than 350 miles off continent), while they were abundant in higher water temperature area or in farther area.View full abstractDownload PDF (288K) -
ALBACOREJun NAKAGOME, Hisao TSUCHIYA, Shigemichi SUZUKI, Satoshi TANAKA, Tetsu ...1965 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 101-104
Published: February 25, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe variability of age composition by water temperature and by locality have been studied on albacore of tropical Atlantic Ocean. The results obtained were as follows.
1) Age composition of the fish was found to be related to the water temperature at surface, at 50m depth and 100m depth, and to the distance from continent to the living area.
2) Age of the fish in lower temperature area or in near-land waters was younger, and that in higher water temperature area or in farther area was older.View full abstractDownload PDF (253K) -
INDUCTION OF SPAWNING AND LARVAL DEVELOPMENTToshio AI1965 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 105-112
Published: February 25, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExperiments carried out during June ?? August in 1962 ?? 63, investigating the induction of spawning of Turbo cornutus SOLANDER, gave the following results.
1. Matured eggs cut out from ovary, could not be fertilized by insemination. These eggs (diameter 0.22 ?? 0.23mm), were covered with gelatinous coatings (diameter 0.41mm). It appeared that the penetration of the spermatozoa was obstructed by this coating.
2. Induction of spawning by adding NH4OH (1/1000 ?? 5/1000N) to sea water was not successful. The parent shells showed marked sensitivity to NH4OH, and were damaged by this concentration.
3. Stimulation by changing water temperature induced the discharge of the reproductive elements (Fig. 1, Plate I-1), and 95% of the eggs spawned were fertilized.
4. The fertilized eggs (diameter 0.26mm) were incubated at 25 ?? 26°C. The larvae were reared at 20 ?? 26.5°C, and fed with diatoms (mixture of Navicula, Nitzschia sp.).
5. The 1st cleavage occurred 30 minutes after fertilization. The 2nd cleavage, 90 minutes; the 3rd cleavage, 2 hours; and the 4th cleavage occurred 3 hours after fertilization. Trochophore (0.20 × 0.17mm) hatched in 11 hours. The larval shell of the veliger was completely formed (0.31 × 0.24mm), 27 hours after fertilization. On the peristomal part of the larval shell, a characteristic ring was formed. By 4 days, the larva had reached the benthic stage. By 5 days, the elongation of peristomal shell was clearly observed. After 41 days, the shell began to grow in a downwards spiral. After 100 days, the diameter of the shell had reached 3mm.
The growth curve from egg to 100 days is shown in Fig. 3. The larval forms are shown in Fig. 2 and Plate I.View full abstractDownload PDF (1010K) -
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CATCH AND FISHING GROUND ON THE STOPPING-NET (EGIRI-AMI) FISHERYTsukasa SHIOKAWA1965 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 113-117
Published: February 25, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this paper, the author presents the characteristics of the catch and fishing ground on the stopping-net (Egiri-ami) fishery, based on the records of commercial catches and the results of the research from 1957 to 1960 at Tomioka, Amakusa Islands.
1) The stopping-net is chiefly used to catch the Mugilid fishes in winter. The resources of this fishery is rapidly decreasing (Fig. 1).
2) The type of frequency distribution curve of the catch per fishing for a year resembles logarithmic distribution (Fig. 2). The average catch is about 20 in kg. and the coefficient of variation is 1.66.
3) The fish community at the outer bay is similar to that of the inner bay in winter, but the degree of similarity decreases in summer (Table 1 and Fig. 3).
4) Leiognathus nuchalis, Gerres japonicus and Acanthogobius favimanus live largely in the inner bay, while Gerres oyena lives only in the outer bay (Fig. 3).
5) The outer bay is superior to the inner bay in that the amount of catch is not only larger but more stable (Fig. 4).View full abstractDownload PDF (397K) -
ECOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE FISH POPULATION CAUGHT BY THE STOPPING-NET (EGIRI-AMI)Tsukasa SHIOKAWA1965 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 118-122
Published: February 25, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the present paper, the author analysed ecologicaly the fish population taken by the stopping-net in the coastal waters of Tomioka, Amakusa Islands during the three years from 1958 to 1960.
The results obtained from this study are as follows:
1) Both the inner and outer bay serve as the nursery ground and the fish populations there consist mainly of the small-size (young) fishes (Table 1).
2) The catches per fishing and the coefficients of their variation of Mugil cephalus, Gerres oyena and Lateolabrax japonicus are about 19, 11 and 4 in kg., and 1.3, 2.0 and 1.5, respec-tively. This fact seems to demonstrate the characteristics of this net (Fig. 1 and Table 2).
3) The net is used mostly for the feeders, specially the Mugild fishes, Mugil cephalus in winter (Fig. 2).
Further, based on the information given in the previous and present papers, the stopping-net fishery was analysed from the standpoints of the amount of catch, fishery ground and fish population.View full abstractDownload PDF (341K) -
MATURATION OF THE OVARY OF A ONE-YEAR OLD FISHKiichiro YAMAMOTO, Isao OOTA, Kazunori TAKANO, Tetsuji ISHIKAWA1965 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 123-132
Published: February 25, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe maturation of the ovary of a one-year old fish was studied and the results obtained are as follows:
1. The one-year fish seasonally holds the ovaries which contain the egg-cells of the various stages of development from the oogonia to the ripened eggs. The course of the development of the egg-cells was described as occurring in eight stages.
2. The ovarian eggs show the development of the partial synchronism and the maturing ovaries contain two groups of oocytes, which are clearly distinguishable from each other in their development. The ovarian maturity of this species may be adequately represented by the stage of the more advanced oocytes. Maturity indices of this organism increase conspi-cuously after the ovaries have arrived at the primary yolk stage.
3. Based on the maturity factor, the distinction between the maturing fish and immature ones becomes clear by July or August. Thereafter, no fish which had an intermediate ovary ranging between the maturing and immature groups was found. In August the maturing group of fish has ovaries mostly in the primary yolk stage but sometimes that occur in the fatty drop stage, while the immature group yields ovaries that are younger than the yolk vesicle stage.
4. The maturing group of fish shows a much larger growth rate than the immature group, so that the difference between the body weight of the two groups becomes more distinct with the passing of time. As it comes near the spawning season, however, the growth rate of the maturing group decreases markedly and the fish tend to show a shrinkage in weight and even in size.
5. Methods of increasing the percentage of maturing fish were discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1082K) -
Manabu KITAMIKADO, Takashi TAKAHASHI, Hiroyuki NODA, Tatsuo MORISHITA, ...1965 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 133-137
Published: February 25, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe digestibility of protein in the diets containing various levels of starch was determined by young yellow tail. Chromium oxide was used as an indicator of the digestibility. The chemical compositions of diets are presented in Table 1, and results obtained are summarized in Table 2. Frozen fish protein gave higher value in digestibility than fish meal proteins. The decreased protein digestibility was caused by the increased starch content in diet, and remarkably low value was recognized on the diet mixed with fish meal and starch. On the other hand, the digestibility of starch was determined and extremely poor value was obtained. In comparison with the results reported in rainbow trout6)7), it seems that the digestibilities of fish meal protein and starch in young yellow tail are inferior to those shown in rainbow trout.View full abstractDownload PDF (369K) -
ON THE PRESERVATIVE EFFECT OF AF-2 AND AF-5Atsushi OBATAKE, Toshio MATSUDA1965 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 138-145
Published: February 25, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNitrofuran derivativses, firstly developed as a chemotherapeutic agent for human diseases, have been utilized as feed additives in the United States and as food preservatives in Japan.
AF-2 (2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl) acryl amide) and AF-5 (3-amino-6-(5-nitrofuryl-2-ethenyl)-1, 2, 4-triazine hydrochloride), two new nitrofurans, have been found to have high antibacterial activity in vitro and very low chronic toxicity as compared with nitrofurazone (F) and nitrofuryl acryl amide (Z) which are currently being used as food preservatives in Japan.
In this study, preservative effects of these two new nitrofurans were tested in use with Kamaboko (fish cake), fish sausage and fresh fish. They showed strong preservative effects for these foods.
AF-2 and AF-5, both showed a preservative effect for Kamaboko at a 5 ppm ratio which was more effective than a 250 ppm ratio of Neofuraskin (trade name of powder sold by Ueno Seiyaku Co., containing 2% of F and 8% of Z). (Table 2. and 3). For fish sausage, AF-2 and AF-5 showed almost the same preservative effect. A 5 ppm ratio of AF-2 or AF-5 was as effective as a 250 ppm ratio of Neofuraskin. But the effect of AF-5 for these two kinds of foods was more varied than that of AF-2 during the experiments. (Fig. 1). This phenomenon might be caused by the instability of this compound in foodstuffs. When the fish were dipped in druged sea water, the preservative effect of AF-2 and AF-5 for fish was almost the same as that of chlorotetracycline, with AF-2 slighly more effective than AF-5. Both were far more effective than Z. (Table 5. and Fig. 2).View full abstractDownload PDF (468K) -
A STUDY ON THE CHEMICAL ASSAY OF NITRO-FURAZONE (F) AND AF-2Toshio MATSUDA, Atsushi OBATAKE, Shigeo INAMINE, Shinichiro ARAI1965 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 146-151
Published: February 25, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSimplified procedures for F determination in fish sausage were studied.
When F was extracted from sausage with N, N-dimethyl formamide (DMF), the quantity of F less than 10 ppm could not be determined. When F was extracted with 5% metaphos-phoric acid solution, the quantity of F could be determined down to 1 ppm in sausage. The standard deviation of the results using the later procedure was shown (Table 2).
Through a spectrophotometric study of AF-2, it was found that the absorption spectrum curve of AF-2 was rather easily shifted by light, weak alkali or a presence of very small quantity of reducing substance (Fig. 6). It was concluded, therefore, that a bioassay for AF-2 was more suitable than a chemical assay using spectrophotometric absorption of AF-2.View full abstractDownload PDF (351K) -
FRACTIONATION OF EFFECTIVE SUBSTANCES FROM PURPLE LAVER (1)Takashi KANEDA, Kimie ARAI1965 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 152-156
Published: February 25, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn a previous papert the authors showed that the inclusion of dried purple laver (Porphyra tenera) in the diets of rats reduced the level of plasma cholesterol. This paper describes attempts to define the activity in terms of solubility. As shown in Fig. 1 purple laver was extracted with ether, several percentages of ethanol and distilled water. Donryu strain rats were fed ad libitum for 16 days with diets containing the fractions obtained.
The ether-soluble fraction at the level of only 0.016% in the basal diet was the most effective for reducing plasma cholesterol. The 50 per cent ethanol- and water soluble frac-tions were also effective, but the absolute- and 75 per cent ethanol-soluble fractions increased the plasma cholesterol of rats. The residue after extraction had a cholesterol-depressing effect, possibly because some water-soluble material still remained (Table 3).
This Bulletin: 29, 1020-23 (1963).View full abstractDownload PDF (253K) -
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF TRIMETHYLAMINE OXIDEChiaki KOIZUMI, Yoshiro HASHIMOTO1965 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 157-160
Published: February 25, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe principle of “YS”, which was discovered and shown to be closely connected. with “green” tuna, was examined. The Rf values in paper chromatography, formation of TMA in reduction with titanous chloride or sodium hydrouslfite, and dialysis experiment with cellophane membrane clearly indicated that “YS” isTMAO, instead of a peptide as was formerly supposed.View full abstractDownload PDF (222K)
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