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Volume 31, Issue 5
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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RETURNING EFFECT AND ITS LIMIT RESULTING FROM THE ARTIFICIAL PROPAGATION FOR CHUM SALMON IN HOKKAIDOKisaburo TAGUCHI1965 Volume 31 Issue 5 Pages 323-326
Published: May 25, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn70% of main rivers in Hokkaido, all chum salmons entered to the rivers are caught and used for artificial propagation and it is estimated that 90% of chum salmon runs are brought about by artificial propagation.
For the above reason, the effect of artificial propagation can be estimated by studying the relation between the number of parent fish caught in the rivers and the number of total catches both in the rivers and the coast of Hokkaido in the returning year.
In this paper, above relation is studied by using Ricker's formula (R=aEe-bE), and the estimates are given as follow:
1) In Hokkaido, the effect of artificial propagation for chum salmon shows two times the recruitment as compared to that of natural spawning.
2) In the present environment, the most effective number of fry released from hatcheries are about 360 millions. In this case seven fishes of return are expected per parent fish.View full abstractDownload PDF (237K) -
FIELD EXPERIMENTS OF THE 10 FOOT S-I TYPE LARVA-NETTakeo TANIGUCHI, Akiyoshi KATAOKA, Hajime IMANISHI1965 Volume 31 Issue 5 Pages 327-332
Published: May 25, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (476K) -
Takeo ISHII1965 Volume 31 Issue 5 Pages 333-339
Published: May 25, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe Atlantic albacore, Thunnus alalunga (BONNATERRE), is distributed abundantly almost all the round. The author gives morphometrical analysis on this fish from six areas (Fig. 1), which seems the first contribution in this field of fishery biology.
Data used in this report are shown in Table 1. Specimens from northeastern (Sample A) and from southeastern (Sample B) Atlantic are measured as soon as possible by the author on board the research vessel, Shoyo Maru, from September 1960 to February 1961, Certain portions on body are measured in mm. using slide calipers as proposed by MARR and SCHAEFER (1949). These specimens from the six localities are compared each other by stations on the nine relative lengths to body length (Fig. 2).
The results get here are summarized as follows:
1) The specimens from the same area (Sample A) show some sexual differences in head and pectoral lengths. It may be said, however, such differences are not significant, as compared with the local ones, as suggested already by SCHAEFER (1948) and KUROGANE (1960).
2) The local differences between specimens of the northeastern and southeastern areas may be obviously recognized.
The northeastern specimens have shorter head, more front fins of the 1st and 2nd dorsals, anal and pelvic than do the southeastern ones (Table 4, Fig. 4).
3) In comparison with the western Atlantic fish, the eastern ones have longer head, more hear pelvic, and more front 1st and 2nd dorsals (Fig. 5). It must be noted here that these differences can be due to seasonal or technical variations.
4) The morphometrical evidences here obtained show that in the eastern Atlantic at least two populations may be found, while the western population can not be discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (427K) -
Hiroshi MAÉDA, Shiro MINAMI1965 Volume 31 Issue 5 Pages 340-345
Published: May 25, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. This report shows the results of the analyses on the records of daily catch during an entire season in 1963 by each of 22 Danish seiners belonging to one of the fish-meal fleets working in the Bering Sea.
2. All the records were treated being classified into three areas according to the difference in locality and date of operation as shown in the first several lines of the second section. Although frequency distribution of daily catch in respective areas showed close approximation to logarithmic normal series, it did not give an exact fit to this series.
3. Stratification of the records into depth zones of 10m interval, or in some of them further stratification into 10 day interval, successfully made the daily catch in each of the strata agreeable to either normal or logarithmic normal series.
4. The frequency distributions of daily catch of the yellowfin sole in respective depth zones in Area A and those of the Alaska pollack in Area B were in general agreeable to logarithmic normal series and those of the Alaska pollack in Area C to normal series. The bathymetric difference in the type of frequency distribution, average and standard deviation of catch are illustrated in Fig. 1.View full abstractDownload PDF (352K) -
Shiro MINAMI, Hiroshi MAÉDA1965 Volume 31 Issue 5 Pages 346-349
Published: May 25, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. This report deals with the bathymetric difference in the frequency distribution of daily hauls recorded during an entire season in 1963 by 22 Danish seiners belonging to one of the fish-meal fleets working in the Bering Sea.
2. Records were treated being stratified first into three areas according to the difference in locality as well as in season and then into 11 depth zones of 10m interval.
3. The series of frequency of day-and-boat by depth zones in respect of the daily hauls plotted against (11-x) on logarithmic scale agreed excellently with normal series (here, a boat conducted x hauls a day).
4. The bathymetric differences in the average and standard deviation of daily hauls are shown in Fig. 1, which shows a rough tendency of decrease in daily hauls in accordance with increase in depth, as if suggesting the increase in depth being the barrier of frequent hauling, although there still remains a doubt whether this tendency is essential or nothing but a chance coincidence.View full abstractDownload PDF (247K) -
RESULTS OBTAINED BY THE CYLINDER-PLATE ASSAY METHODToshiharu KAWABATA, Kimiyo SHIBUYA, Takeshi SUZUKI1965 Volume 31 Issue 5 Pages 350-356
Published: May 25, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPresent studies aimed to disclose the effect of pH value of test solution on the heat: stability of tylosin, and that of various metal ions added to test solutions of varying pHs on the heat stability and antimicrobial activity of tylosin. In the present paper, determination of tylosin activity was carried out by the cylinder-plate assay technique with Sarcina lutea, and a modified streptomycin assay agar of pH 8.5.
Results obtained may be summarized as follows:
1. No appreciable change in the antibacterial activity was observed in the test solution of SÖRENSEN phosphate buffer of pH 6.0, 7.0 or 8.0, as well as of Difco nutrient broth of same pHs on heating at 100°C for 1 hour (Table 1).
2. Tylosin was heated at 100°C for 30 minutes in distilled water, and in SÖRENSEN phosphate buffer solution or Difco nutrient broth of pH 6.0, 7.0 or 8.0 in the presence of metal ions listed in Table 2.
No appreciable decrease in the activity was noted at pH 7.0 and 8.0 in spite of the presence of metal ions, while a marked change was noted in aqueous solution containing each 300 ppm of Al+++, Fe+++ or Sn++, and similar change was seen with Al+++ and Fe+++ in the phosphate buffer of pH 6.0 and nutrient broth as well.
The presence of such metal ions as Al+++, Fe+++ or Sn++ in test solution resulted in increment of activity as expressed in tylosin equivalent value, although we have expected a reduction in antibacterial activity (Table 3).
3. Below pH 5 at elevated temperature, tylosin has been reported to convert into desmycosin (tylosin B), although antibacterial activity is still retained. However, the activity of desmycosin when measured by the cylinder-plate assay method showed 3 times as much as that of the same concentration of tylosin (see Fig. 1).
This discrepancy might be indicating the necessity of use of an appropriate method other than the cylinder-plate assay technique in order to evaluate precisely the phenomena mentioned above.View full abstractDownload PDF (480K) -
RESULTS OBTAINED BY THE TURBIDIMETRIC ASSAY METHODToshiharu KAWABATA, Kimiyo SHIBUYA, Takeshi SUZUKI1965 Volume 31 Issue 5 Pages 357-364
Published: May 25, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the previous paper1), effect of various metal ions on the heat stability and antibacterial activity of tylosin was tested by the cylinder-plate assay method with Sarcina lutea and a modified streptomycin assay agar of pH 8.5. However, results obtained revealed that changes in the drug activity by treatment with metal ions in acidic condition at elevated temperature could not be evaluated correctly due to the defect of assay technique.
In the present work, tylosin activity was measured by the turbidimetric assay method with Staphylococcus aureus H and the double strength Difco nutrient broth of pH 7.0, and the activity was expressed in a 50% inhibition dose (ID50) according to TREFFERS2).
Results obtained may be summarized as follows:
1. Tylosin and its degradation product desmycosin exhibited higher antimicrobial activity in alkaline than in neutral or acid side. At pH 8.0, desmycosin showed three times as muchh activity as that of tylosin, while at pH 6.0, tylosin was two times more active than desmycosin (Table 1).
2. No appreciable decrease in the activity of both antibiotics was observed by heating them at 100°C for 1 hour in SÖRENSEN phosphate buffer solution of pH 6.0, 7.0 and 8.0, whereas below pH 4.5, tylosin was easily converted into desmycosin (Table 3).
3. At pH 7.0 and 8.0, the presence of metal ions in the test solution of either phosphate buffer or Difco nutrient broth, did not affect the antibacterial activity of tylosin on heating at 100°C for 1 hour, on the other hand, a marked dercease in the activity was observed in the aqueous test solution containing Al+++, Fe+++ or Sn++, each at 300 ppm level, and similar tendency was noted with Al+++ and Fe+++ in the phosphate buffer as in the nutrient broth of pH 6.0 (Table 2).
4. Fe+++ compounds of different anionic forms gave the same rate of inactivation to tylosin, which might be suggesting that the effect is mainly due to the cation, ferric ion itself (Table 6).
The addition of Na-hexameta phosphate to tylosin solution which had been decreased in the activity with Fe+++ resulted in failure to recover the lowered activity (Table 5).View full abstractDownload PDF (533K) -
THE EFFECT OF NITRITE ION (NO2-) ON THE INACTIVATION OF AF-2 AND F IN MEAT DURING COOKING PROCESSToshio MATSUDA, Atsushi OBATAKE1965 Volume 31 Issue 5 Pages 365-369
Published: May 25, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSInactivation phenomena in nitrofurazone (F) and 2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl) acryl amide (AF-2) in tuna meat and whale meat during the cooking process were studied.
Addition of NaNO2 to these meat products prevented the inactivation of F and AF-2 during the cooking process. This was more clearly demonstrated in whale meat than in tuna meat. In addition, this protection of F and AF-2 was also found in water extract from whale meat (Prepartion II, see Fig. 1) but was not found in washed whale meat (Preparation III, see Fig. 1).
From these findings, it was assumed that the inactivation of F or AF-2 in these meats depended on the quantities of hemoglobin or myoglobin contained in the meat, and that hemoglobin or myoglobin might catalyse the reduction of nitrofuran derivatives during the cooking process.View full abstractDownload PDF (286K) -
ON THE PRESERVATIVES EFFECTS OF AF-2 AND NITROFURAZONE AND THEIR DECREASE DURING STORAGEAtsushi OBATAKE1965 Volume 31 Issue 5 Pages 370-376
Published: May 25, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPreviously, the decrease of nitrofurazone (F) and 2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-vitro-2-furyl) acryl amide (AF-2) in fish sausage processing was demonstrated. It was shown that the quantity of AF-2 in fish sausage decreased gradually during storage at 37°C to a small trace amount at the end of 30 days. In the present study several experiments on the preservative effects and decrease in the chemicals during storage were carried out. The results were as follows;
(1) A larger quantity of AF-2 remained in the lower pH sausage after the boiling process and storage. However, a higher pH value in the sausage might not be a cause of the decrease in AF-2 in fish sausage during the storage (Fig. 1).
(2) After the boiling process, the larger the quantity of AF-2 added, the larger a ratio remained. And from these samples the larger decreasing ratio of AF-2 was found during storage (Fig. 2).
(3) The amount of decrease during the storage time was affected by the storage temperature. A larger quantity of AF-2 remained at 30°C than at 37°C (Fig. 4).
(4) The sausage became non edible 20 to 40 days from the date when AF-2 could not be found in the sausage. The sausage also became non edible even when about 3 ppm of F remained. Potassium sorbate (So-K), which does not prevent the putrefaction of sausage, did not decrease during storage (Fig. 2, 3, 4 and 5, Table 2).View full abstractDownload PDF (399K)
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