巻号一覧
32 巻, 12 号
選択された号の論文の13件中1～13を表示しています
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山本 喜一郎, 長浜 嘉孝, 山崎 文雄1966 年 32 巻 12 号 p. 977-983
発行日: 1966/12/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーAn attempt to induce artificial spawning of goldfish at any season of the year was tried during the period ranging from April, 1965 to March, 1966. The results obtained are as follows:
1) At the end of April the two-year-old fish were collected from an outdoor pond and removed to indoor aquaria regulated at 13-14°C. They were kept in the aquaria separately by sex under the natural daylight until the end of December. In spawning experiments several females showing the ponderal index more than 0.05 were selected from the stock fish, and each fish was transferred to a spawning aquarium at about 20°C, which was supplied with some water plants for spawning nests, together with a male fish which could release a small amount of milt under a slight pressure on his belly. By this method successful spawning was observed in these fish every month from April to December. Of 47 experimental fish, 44 females spawned within ten days after they had been transferred to the experimental aquaria, two fish showed no spawning and one died. Among the spawned females 33 individuals laid eggs on the second day of the experiment.
2) From December to February, immature females were first maintained in a high temperature at about 20°C to accelerate the growth of oocytes, By this treatment maturing of the ovaries was hurried up and the fish showed a ponderal index of above 0.05 after being kept in this condition for some 30 days in December, 14 days in January, and for 8 days in February. In March some fish had already arrived at the same maturing conditions as above without any treatment. About 66 per cent of the experimental females spawned by only being removed to the similarly conditioned aquaria as above or after the treatment with HCG.
3) The injection of HCG, 30 units per lOg body weight, just before the transfer of fish to the spawning aquaria, always makes spawning reaction prompt, and 74.2 per cent of the injected fish laid eggs on the next day after the injection.
4) The amount of eggs spawned was calculated from the difference between body weight just before spawning and that just after spawning. Average weights of spawned eggs were about the same in a month, and the weight of spawned eggs as compared to body weight was 12.6 per cent in average in the treatment with high temperature alone and 10.9% in the treatment with both HCG and high temperature.
5) Average fertilization rates all through the experimental period were 78.7 per cent in the high temperature experiments and 77.5 per cent in both HCG and high temperature treatments, and hatching rates were 68.4 and 66.2 per cent on the average respectively.
6) The male fish maintained their full maturity all through the year by being kept in an aquarium at 13-14°C and they could release plenty of sperm within a day due to their removal to the spawning aquaria at about 20°C.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (561K) -
釣獲率経月,経年変化について中込 淳, 矢沢 敬三1966 年 32 巻 12 号 p. 984-986
発行日: 1966/12/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe authors studied the monthly and annual variation of hook rate (catch per 100 hooks) of yellowfin tuna in the tropical western Indian Ocean. From the study, the following results are obtained.
1) Good fishing in sub-area A could not show, in sub-area B it was seen in November to May and in sub-area C it was seen in October to May.
2) Since the starting of the exploitation by Japanese long-line fishery, the hook rate has declined in each sub-area, though temporary increase was noted around 1960; i.e. sub-area A in 1959 and 1960, sub-area B in 1960 and 1961, and 1959 in sub-area C.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (138K) -
漁場における表面水温の経月,経年変化,およびこれと釣獲率経月,経年変化との関係中込 淳1966 年 32 巻 12 号 p. 987-991
発行日: 1966/12/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe author studied the monthly and annual variation of surface water temperature and on the relation between those and the monthly and annual variation of hook rate (catch per 100 hooks) of yellowfin tuna in the tropical western Indian Ocean, and obtained following results:
1) The surface water temperature in sub-areas A, B and C was high in January to June and low in July to December, but the degree in the low temperature period in sub-area C was lower than in sub-area A and the degree in sub-area B was lower than in sub-area C.
2) The hook rate in sub-areas A, B and C was high in the high temperature period, but hook rate began to increase before the increase of surface water temperature, and the duration of such a preliminary high hook rate period was longer in sub-area C than in sub-area B, and insubarea A than in sub-area C, respectively.
3) The surface water temperature in sub-areas A, B and C was high in 1954 to 1955, in 1958 to 1959 and in 1962, and low in 1956 to 1957, in 1960 to 1961 and in 1963.
4) The relation between annual variation of hook rate and that of surface water temperature could not be seen.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (280K) -
南 四郎, 前田 弘1966 年 32 巻 12 号 p. 992-997
発行日: 1966/12/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe boats showed a tendency of conducting less frequent hauling on the days of better catch2)5). The discrepancy due to the seasonal change of daily catch should therefore be eliminated from the seasonal change of the number of daily hauls in relation to the length of daytime. The daily reports by the 22 Danish seiners of a fish-meal fleet in the Bering Sea during the entire season of 1963 were stratified according to the grade of daily catch and analyzed by the same methods as in the previous report3). And the results obtained are summarized as follows:
1. The number of daily hauls (y) on the days of the same grade of catch in the same fishing ground of Area A or B depended on the length of daytime, log (11-y) keeping very significant linear regression on the length of daytime.
2. In Area C, all the catch grades except the grade 30 tons did not show a significant linear regression of log (ll-y) on the length of daytime (the value in the grade 30 tons decreased with the progress of the autumnal shortening of the daytime).
3. The increase in the daily catch made the regression line shift upwards, although the line for the grade 10 tons was located upward of that for the grade 20 tons.
4. These facts meant that 1) the characters of the seasonal change of the number of daily hauls-the differentiation into three seasons, significant linear regression on the length of daytime in Area A or B, and invariableness in Area C-were not attributable to the seasonal change of the daily catch, and that 2) the decrease in the daily catch had the same effect as the elongation of the daytime, both making the boats conduct more frequent hauling.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (348K) -
谷口 武夫1966 年 32 巻 12 号 p. 998-1005
発行日: 1966/12/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (433K) -
稚子の疾病について(2)鰾の異常膨満山下 金義1966 年 32 巻 12 号 p. 1006-1014
発行日: 1966/12/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn the rearing of artificially hatched Chrysophrys major numerous cases of larval fish with abnormal expansion of the swimbladder were observed between 10 to 15 days after hatching.
The oxygen content of the aquarium water in which the larvae were reared was normal (5.1-6.1cc/L).
Abnormal expansion of the swimbladder was due to an abnormally large amount of gas in the swimbladder (Figs. 1-3).
The long-diameter of the distended swimbladder was about 1/10th of the total length of the body. That of a normal swimbladder is about 1/20th (Table 1).
The existence of gas in the swimbladder was recognized in an estimated 40% of the larval fish 9 days after hatching, and in 100% 11 days after hatching.
The swimbladder of the young fish up to 8 days after hatching seems to contain sea water in the normal condition.
In the larva of Chrysophrys major the development of the gas gland of the swimbladder and the closing of the pneumatic duct occur between 8 to 10 days after hatching (Figs. 9, 10, 12). This period seems to be physiologically insecure for the young fish.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (830K) -
若林 久嗣, 江草 周三1966 年 32 巻 12 号 p. 1015-1022
発行日: 1966/12/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA Chondrococcus-like bacterium of high virulence was isolated from diseased loaches (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus). The basal medium used in this study as the standard for various purposes contains 0.3 per cent Bacto-tryptone and 0.2 per cent yeast extract, adjusted to pH 7.5 (TY broth). TY agar media containing 1.5 per cent agar and 0.4 per cent agar were suitable for the isolation and the maintenance of the bacterium, respectively. Stock cultures were stored in a refrigerator and subculture was made every two or three weeks.
Colonies on TY agar plates were usually yellow and flat and have irregular, rhizoidar edges, though showing a wide variation in form in older cultures. (Fig. 2). Vegetative cells from lesions or young cultures were Gram-negative, slender, flexible rods and have 3 to 8 microns in length and about 0.5 microns in width. Under cultural conditions the cells usually went through degenerative processes similar to those described by GARNJOBST3) and by BORG4).
A swinging motion and column formation were observed in materials scraped directly from lesions and placed in a wet mount. (Fig. 3). A sliding movement was also observed on solid media. The formation of fruiting bodies and microcysts was clearly demonstrated by using BORG's method. (Fig. 5). Tests for biochemical characteristics of the bacterium yielded the results shown in Table 2.
On the basis of the information obtained, the organism was identified with Chondrococcus columnaris (DAVIS) ORDAL and RUCKER (1944).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (507K) -
密着度測定方法の吟味横山 理雄1966 年 32 巻 12 号 p. 1023-1030
発行日: 1966/12/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIt has been well known that the keeping quality of sausage products is closely related with the degree of adhesion of meats to the casing.
However, neither the method of measuring the adhesion nor its mechanism has been studied.
The present study is undertaken in order to make clear how to estimate the degree of adhesion.
The results obtained are as follows.
1) To estimate the degree of adhesion, two methods, namely, the measuring of adhesion strength and that of weight of meat attached to films are employed.
Adhesion strength is measured by a tensile adhesion tester designed by the present author (Fig. 1).
2) The tensile adhesion tester is consisted of 4 parts which are a tensile instrument, a tension meter, an amplifier and a recorder. In its tensile adhesion tester, an electric tension meter combined with an amplifier are used in order to measure even a slight tensile strength.
3) No change of strain obtained by the electric tension meter is found during the repeated measurings when 100g weight is hanged (Fig. 6b).
4) The best condition in measuring adhesion strength is found as follows; Sample width is 3cm, measuring temperature is fixed at 30°C, the peeling angle is 90°, and the peeling direction is clockwise (Table 1), (Figs. 9, 10).
5) It has been found that nearly same meat weights attached to the films is obtained by measuring in various parts of the casings of fish sausage and Kamaboko, moreover, that percent of standrad deviation are 9.0% (Fish sausage), 5.9% (Kamaoko). (Table 4).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (819K) -
カロチノイド成分新間 弥一郎, 田口 脩子1966 年 32 巻 12 号 p. 1031-1036
発行日: 1966/12/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーCarotenoids which were extracted in the previous paper from “Nori”, a dry product of Porphyra yezoensis, were separated into following six pigment groups on alumina column (Figs. 1, 2 and 3, and Table 1).
1) The V pigment which amounted to 59-65% of the total carotenoids was not identical with all-trans lutein but with probable mono-cis isomer (Figs. 4, 5 and 6).
2) The II pigment was β-carotene amounting to 19-24% of the total.
3) Compared with chromatographic results of β-carotene samples which were kept in solvents for one week or four months at room temperature, the I (4-9%) and III (1TO ?? 3%) pigments were concluded to be stereoisomers of β-carotene (Figs. 7 and 8).
4) The IV and VI pigments were not under enough examination. The former was presumed to contain decomposed β-carotene and mono-hydroxy derivatives, however.
5) Other carotenoids such as α-carotene, zeaxanthin etc. could not be observed, even if any, by the chromatographic method shown in Figs. 1 and 2.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (341K) -
各種乾のり中のカロチノイドおよび脂肪酸組成新間 彌一郎, 田口 脩子1966 年 32 巻 12 号 p. 1037-1042
発行日: 1966/12/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーSeveral samples of “Nori” processed at different places (shown in Table 1) were investigated to determine carotenoid content, and composing patterns of the pigment groups and fatty acids. Results of the experiments were as follows:
1) “Nori” of the ordinary quality had mostly 140-210mg% of carotenoids, while the inferior products contained 70-100mg% of the pigments.
2) Carotenoids of “Nori” were observed to decrease during storage; in cases of samples 1 and 2 the tendency was remarkable after five months and the pigments fell to one fifth or sixth of the original after one year (Table 2).
3) Composing patterns of six carotenoid groups separated on alumina column were almost similar to each other; having 17-30% of carotene and 52-67% of lutein (Table 3). Inferior samples, however, seemed to contain less percentages of I-group but more IV-group pigments than ordinary products.
4) The samples analyzed showed scarce difference among their fatty acid composition, and no difference was observed between normal and diseased weeds of Narawa (samples 1 and 2) either. The “Nori” products contained in their composition 35-60% of C20:5 acid, 18-32% of C16:0 acid, and such percentages of other acids as shown in Table 4.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (323K) -
右田 正男, 水野 文子1966 年 32 巻 12 号 p. 1043-1048
発行日: 1966/12/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーWater holding capacity (WHC) of myosin-fraction (“M”) gel was determined under varied pH conditions by centrifugal method (8, 000rpm, 20 min.).
1. WHC of “M” gel is greater than that of muscle homogenate, being maximum in isoelectric zone in contrast with the latter which is minimum in this region.
2. WHC of isoelectric “M” gel decreases if pH is shifted to ?? 4.5 or ?? 8. Similarly decreases WHC of “M” gel formed in the alkaline side on readjustment of pH to ?? 4.5.
3. If pH of “M” gel formed in acid or alkaline side is brought to isoelectric zone, WHC is not only less than that of isoelectric gel, but also of the original gel.
4. If pH of isoelectric or alkaline gel is brought to ?? 4.5, WHC of the reformed gel is smaller than that of gel formed at pH ?? 4.5.
Results 1 and 2 might be interpreted by an assumption that firmness of structure sufficient to hold water against pressure applied in measurement of WHC has a decisive influence on WHC in the case of gels with relatively weak structure as “M” gel. In Result 3 WHC decreases, though the structure of reformed gel is supposed to be thickened by pH adjustment. This might be probably due to that syneresis has more pronounced effect than firmness of structure. Result 4 can not be explained either by loosening of structure nor syneresis.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (441K) -
常温溶解による粗製コンドロイチン硫酸の製法中嶋 昭正, 田中 晴夫1966 年 32 巻 12 号 p. 1049-1053
発行日: 1966/12/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn the previous paper1), the alkaline liquefaction of a whale nasal cartilage at above 30°C has been studied for the industrial manufacture of chondroitin sulfate. The best condition was to liquefy it with 50% NaOH at 40°C for 1.5 hours.
The present paper deals with the alkaline liquefaction at room temperature. The cartilage boiled in water was steeped in NaOH solution to be liquefied. After dialysis followed by deproteinization at pH 3.5 and neutralization, crude chondroitin sulfate was precipitated with ethanol. The influence of alkaline liquefaction conditions on the purity of crude chondroitin sulfate and the amount of extracted sodium chondroitin sulfate obtained by multipling the yield by the purity was discussed and the following results were obtained.
1) The boiled cartilage could be easily liquefied with 5% NaOH in one day at 20±2°C, although the raw cartilage could not be liquefied even with 10% NaOH.
2) In liquefaction for one day, the higher the concentration of NaOH solution was, the higher the purity of the product was (Fig. 1). On the whole, the longer the liquefaction time was, the higher the purity was, but in case of liquefaction with 3% and 10% NaOH a lowering of the purity was observed at 3-6 day (Figs. 2, 3).
3) The decrease in the concentration of ethanol used for the precipitation of crude chondroitin sulfate resulted in a significant elevation of the purity, attending a slight decrease in the amount of extracted sodium chondroitin sulfate (Table 1).
4) It was recomended as a suitable liquefaction condition to liquefy 100g of boiled cartilage with 100ml of 10% NaOH at 20±2°C for 2 days.
5) As compared with the heating liquefaction method, the present method gave rise (to the product lower in the purity, while little difference was found among the methods in the recovery of hexosamine from the cartilage.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (368K) -
除蛋白法中嶋 昭正, 田中 晴夫1966 年 32 巻 12 号 p. 1054-1058
発行日: 1966/12/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn the previous paper1)2), the preparation method of crude sodium chondroitin sulfate available for a medicine or food additive from a whale nasal cartilage has been studied. In order to obtain the product of high purity for a medical purpose, it is necessary to remove as exhaustively as possible the protein and its hydrolysates that are contaminants in the crude product. The present paper deals with a trial to find out an effective and simple method of deproteinization.
The cartilage was liquefied with 50% NaOH for 1.75-2.5 hrs at 40°C. After dialysis followed by deproteinization at pH 3.5, the liquefied solutions were deproteinized with active carbon, Japanese acid clay or ion exchange resins, and then sodium chondroitin sulfate was precipitated with ethanol. All these treatments were effective, and in particuler the product obtained by the treatment with Dowex 50 W-X 1 was negative in biuret reaction (Table 1, 2, 3). Moreover it was found that dialysis caused low purity in the product (Table 4).
In the solution of crude sodium chondroitin sulfate obtained with omission of dialysis, these treatments gave rise to more effective results than in the liquefied solution which was dialyzed. Thus, all products were negative in biuret reaction, and the order of yield was as follows: Dowex 50 W-X 1>active carbon>Japanese acid clay (Table 5).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (368K)
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