日本水産学会誌
Online ISSN : 1349-998X
Print ISSN : 0021-5392
ISSN-L : 0021-5392
34 巻, 10 号
選択された号の論文の16件中1~16を表示しています
  • サヨリ仔魚の腸管における脂肪の吸収
    岩井 保, 田中 克
    1968 年 34 巻 10 号 p. 871-875
    発行日: 1968/10/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    In the well-fed larvae of halfbeak, the columnar absorptive cells in the epithelium of the mid gut are heavily loaded with fat droplets. There is a difference between the mind gut and the posterior gut in absorptive function. The mid gut before the constriction is chiefly implicated in fat absorption, and the posterior gut behind the constriction is chiefly responsible for protein absorption. The pinocytosis is not clear in the former, but is quite vigorous in the latter.
  • 福所 邦彦
    1968 年 34 巻 10 号 p. 876-881
    発行日: 1968/10/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    1. The comparison of cruising performance among the races of FUNA (Carassius) acclimated at 25°C for 20 days was carried out by using the same apparatus worked on previous investigation2) under the test temperature of 10° to 37°C at intervals of 3°C, and Gengoro-buna, the hybrid of Gin-buna ( ?? )×Kin-buna (×) and Gold-fish showed their maximum of cruising performance at 28°C. while European crucian carp at 31°C (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2).
    2. “Amur-buna” showed the double peaks of cruising performance at 22° and 28°C, while the other group acclimated at 20°C showed double peaks at 19° and 25°C, and the clear-cut influence of different acclimation temperatures were observed (Fig. 1).
    3. Gengoro-buna showed the longest time of cruising (over 40 minutes) at test temperature of 28°C.
  • 小栗 幹郎, 曾我部 博文
    1968 年 34 巻 10 号 p. 882-888
    発行日: 1968/10/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Histological observations were made on the juxtaglomerular cells in the piscine kidneys, using 34 species of teleosts. The juxtaglomerular cells were demonstrated in all species of fishes, including an aglomerular fish, Lophius litulon. In general these cells were distributed rather abundantly in the kidneys of marine fishes than in freshwater ones.
  • 谷口 武夫, 南 四郎, 隅川 芳雄
    1968 年 34 巻 10 号 p. 889-894
    発行日: 1968/10/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    For the purpose of obtaining some effective suggestions concerning the construction of the unigan trawl net, the working behaviors of a two piece net (Fig. 1:100 feet in head rope length) were examined on board the Ten'yo-maru (450GT, 1000HP)1), in succession to the previous report2) on the shooting and hauling operation. The results obtained are summarized as follows:
    1) The gape height, HNM (m), of the 100-foot net was expressed as a fractional function of the towing speed, V (m/sec), by the following empitical formula (Fig. 2): HNM=2.2/V1.5.
    2) The tension, TWP (ton), of warp at the boardside depended both the towing speed, V (m/sec) and the warp length, LWP (m), keeping the following empirical formula (Figs. 3 and 4): TWP=V0.9(1+0.0003 LWP).
    3) When the towing speed was very slow, the shape of the warp curved sharply downwards. But, its curvature became less seveer in accordance with increase in the towing speed, and the curve approached very closely to a straight line when the towing speed was higher than about 1.5-1.75m/sec (Fig. 5).
    4) The working depth, D (m), of the otter board was indicated, as a continued product of an exponential and a fractional function regard to the warp length, LWP (m), and the towing speed, V (m/sec), by following empirical formula (Fig. 6): D=27e0.0063LWPV-1.5.
    5) The working depth of net was about the same with that of the otter board regardless of the towing speed. Hence, the shape of the hand rope (sweep line) during towing was assumed to have a horizontal straight line which is paralell to the sea-bed (Fig. 6).
  • 普通写真機で測量する場合の誤差と精度
    石尾 真弥, 富山 哲夫
    1968 年 34 巻 10 号 p. 895-902
    発行日: 1968/10/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    A sextant is indispensable for the determination of boat-position where the sampling or observation is performed for the water pollution research. However, it is difficult to measure angles between terrestrial objects by the sextant within a short time interval and particularly while the boat is moving. Thus, the investigator is so much devoted to the time-consuming measurement by the sextant and the field work has to be finished frequently without satisfaction.
    The authors, therefore, attempted to apply the terrestrial photogrammetry to locat the boat-position by using a common-type camera in place of a surveying camera which could not be used under a rough weather condition. The use of the common-type camera for measuring angles yielded considerable errors due to the discrepancy between the focal distance of camera-lens and the picture distance proper to the camera employed. In order to reduce such errors the authors proposed equation (1) for calculating the real picture distance, and it was demonstrated that the angles between objects on the picture could be determined with the errors smaller than ±6'30" provided that the real picture distance was utilized. Equations (2), (3), (4), (5) and (6) are presented for the computation of the error of the boat position which corresponds to the space between the real boat-position and the estimated boat-position. Thereby, the magnitude of the error of boat-position in this photogrammetry with a common-type camera was evaluated to vary from 2m to 39m, with the average of 19m. In other words, it can say that the photogrammetry mentioned above possesses such an accuracy that the boat-position can be determined within a circle smaller than 2mm in radius when plotted on a chart with a scale of 1/10, 000 of the natural size.
  • 小山 武夫, 桜井 五郎, 隅川 芳雄
    1968 年 34 巻 10 号 p. 903-908
    発行日: 1968/10/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    There are few measurements on tension imposed on warp while shooting or hauling trawl. The present paper describes the results which were measured by a tension meter set on the Kaiyo-maru, the biggest experimental research vessel in Japan, operated at rough sea and calm one. The structure of the otter boards and trawl net used for the experiment is shown in Figs. 1 and 2.
    1. Warp tension while shooting trawl.
    Tension of 4-5tons each warp was recorded while shooting (vessel speed 6knots; shooting speed 100m/min.) at rough sea. That increased to 10-12tons when shooting was braked every 100-200m for the extension of trawl net. The values of tension were nearly equal to those measured at calm sea.
    2. Warp tension while pulling and hauling.
    At calm sea tension of 5-6tons each warp was recorded while pulling (warp length 500m; pulling depth 124m; towing speed 4knots), and that decreased to 3-4tons when pulling was changed into hauling (hauling speed 90m/min.; towing speed 0.5-1.0knots). Tension while hauling was not changed particularly when the otter boards and net left the sea bottom.
    It was measured at rough sea that each tension of warps fluctuated from 4tons to 8tons in pulling (warp length 600m; pulling depth 150m; towing speed 4.2knots). When the otter boards and net left the bottom by hauling, the fluctuation of warp tension became violent suddenly, and 23tons on one of the paired warps and 38tons on both ones were recorded at the maximum.
  • 倉田 博
    1968 年 34 巻 10 号 p. 909-914
    発行日: 1968/10/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Recent finding and isolation of an insect molt-inducing hormone, the inokosterone, from the root of plants, Achyranthes, let the present author to carry out experiments to examine its effectiveness on crustaceans. The inokosterone solution was made up from 5.1mg crystal with 0.2ml of ethanol and 49.9ml of sterilized re-distilled water, and was injected into abdominal muscles of young P. japonicus (2.8-15.5g in body weight) by means of a tuberculin syringe at various time lapses after the first molt in the experimental aquaria. Molt inducing effect was examined by the length of time between the first and the second molt.
    A single injection of 0.03ml of the solution, which contained 3μg of inokosterone, per gram of live weight of the shrimp gave a remarkable molt-inducing effect. In the uninjected shrimps, or those injected with the comparable amount of sterilized re-distilled water (controls), intervals between molts varied from 9-16 days at the experimental temperature (25-27°C) depending on the body weight. Statistical treatment revealed that the interval between molts was increased by 0.8 day for every 1g increase in body weight. While, in the inokosterone injected shrimps intervals between molts no longer depended on body weight, but on the stage of molting cycle in which the inokosterone was injected. The intervals averaged 2.4 days for 6 shrimps which were injected on 0.5-1.5 days (stage B) after the first molt, and 7.0 days for 11 shrimps which were injected on 2.5-5.5 days (stage C) after the first molt. Thus the inokosterone injection during stages B or C markedly accerelated the molting cycle resulting in a precocious ecdysis on average of 3.3 days after the injection. When the shrimps were already in premolt condition (stage D) at the time of injection, molting occurred in less than 3 days (Fig. 3). Since the reaction time was too short to be in normal molting cycle it was postulated that the inokosterone may had a direct influence on the epidermis.
    Out of 29 inokosterone injected shrimps, 16 shrimps died during or just after the second molt. In 4 shrimps exuviations were incomplete, some parts of old exoskeleton, head or the posterior parts of abdomen, remained unmolted. Only 9 shrimps passed the successful second molt. While, in the controls as well as in uninjected shrimps second molts were always successful.
    Weight increases after the second molt were significantly less in the inokosterone injected shrimps, which had passed the successful molt, than in the controls or uninjected shrimps of comparable size.
  • エストラジオール-17βによる生殖巣の呼吸促進
    森 勝義
    1968 年 34 巻 10 号 p. 915-919
    発行日: 1968/10/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    1. The effects of estradiol-17β and testosterone on the tissue respiration were studied, using the Japanese common oysters, Crassostrea gigas, during the sexual maturation.
    2. Estradiol-3-benzoate caused an increase in ovary respiration. Moreover, it caused a marked increase in spermary respiration.
    3. Testosterone propionate, however, did not activate the respiration of gonads and caused a slight decrease in it with spermary.
  • クロダイのキチン分解酵素について
    瀬良 洋, 奥谷 康一
    1968 年 34 巻 10 号 p. 920-924
    発行日: 1968/10/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    In the previous papers of this series1-7), some properties of the chitinolytic ezyme in some organs of a few species of aquatic animals were reported. In these studies, the amount of oligo-N-acetylamino sugar produced was estimated from that of N-acetylamino sugar liberated by β-glucosidase.
    In the present study, some properties of the enzyme from the viscera of a sea bream, Acanthopagrus schlegedi, were investigated in the same way as described in the previous papers, except that the oligo sugar was hydrolyzed with HCl.
    The results obtained are summarized as follows:
    1) Heating with 3N-HCl at 100°C for 40 minutes was found to be optimum for the hydrolysis of oligo-N-acetylamino sugar liberated by the chitinolytic enzyme.
    2) The stomach of sea bream showed a considerably high activity, whereas the activity of the liver was moderate and the pyloric caeca and intestine little (Table 1).
    3) The optimum pH and temperature of the enzyme extracted from the stomach were 3.4-4.0 (Fig. 4) and about 60°C (Fig. 6), respectively.
    4) The enzyme was stable between pH 2.5 and 8.0 (Fig. 5).
    5) It was resistant for heating at 30-70°C for 20 minutes, but unstable at 80°C (Fig. 7).
  • 木村 茂, 久保田 穣
    1968 年 34 巻 10 号 p. 925-929
    発行日: 1968/10/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    In order to investigate the shellfish collagen, the body of abalone, Haliotis discus, was isolated and characterized with respect to the amino acid composition and some physical properties. The collagen content of the body was about 20% and was rich in foot part which plays the role of locomotive organ. As most of the collagen was insoluble in neutral salts or dilute acids, the insoluble collagen was solubilized by pepsin. The pepsin solubilized collagen (PSC) was precipitated by addition of NaCl to a final concentration of 5% and redissolved in 0.01 N HCl.
    The values of intrinsic viscosity and optical rotation of the PSC were similar to those of vertebrate collagens, such as mammalian or fish skin collagens, but distinct differences were found in the amino acid composition. The PSC was rich in acidic amino acids, amide, hydroxylysine, and tyrosine, but poor in glycine, alanine, and histidine. The values of denaturation temperature (Td: 22.5°C at pH 2) and total imino acids content (181.3 residue/1000) showed a good agreement with usual collagens with respect to the relationship between these two values. One of the most characteristics is a further hydroxylation of lysine. The content of hydroxylysine was larger than that of lysine, thus the ratio of lysine to hydroxylysine was about 0.6, comparing with 3-5 for vertebrate collagens. Moreover, the PSC contained a small amount of cystine (2.8 residues/1000) and a considerable amount of hexose (2.2%). These characteristics in amino acid composition corresponded with the finding in other invertebrate collagens, Metridium and Thyone, reported by Piez et al.
    From these results, it is assumed that the collagen from the body of abalone is similar to vertebrate collagens in its molecular structure, but not in amino acid composition.
  • 横関 源延, 末光 栄充, 中山 光子
    1968 年 34 巻 10 号 p. 930-936
    発行日: 1968/10/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Effect of pre-heating was examined on the resistance of bacterial spores to growth-inhibitory action of food preservatives including furylfuramide, sorbic acid, and tylosin. The spore resistance was estimated by the number of colonies of the heated spoers outgrown on the agar medium to which each of the preservatives has been incorporated.
    The bacterial spores used in this study were those of Bacillus firmus and Bacillus pulvifaciens isolated at authors' laboratory from spoiled fish sausages and the strains were confirmed of their unsusceptibility to the preservatives examined. The spores from three days' cultures at 37°C were collected and suspended in phosphate buffer of pH 5.5-7.0 and heated at temperatures ranging from 75 to 95°C for 50 minutes. As shown in Fig. 1 to 8, heat treatment did not show any significant effect on the lowering of the spore resistance to growth inhibitory action of the preservatives, suggesting the difficulty of coupled action between heat treatment and preservatives to a certain food processing.
  • 天野 秀臣, 橋本 周久, 松浦 文雄
    1968 年 34 巻 10 号 p. 937-943
    発行日: 1968/10/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The 4 Hb components of eel were isolated and analyzed for N-terminal structure. Only 2 N-terminal valyl residues per molecule were detected by the DNP method for each component. On the other hand, the presence of 2 acetyl groups per mole-cule was demonstrated in all the components by paper and gas chromatography and by the colorimetry of ferric-hydroxamic acid complex derived. Based on those results, it may be concluded that each of the 4 Hb's has 2 valyl and 2 N-acetylated amino acids as N-termini.
  • 永山 文男, 斎藤 佑尚
    1968 年 34 巻 10 号 p. 944-949
    発行日: 1968/10/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The activities of amylase, α- and β-glucosidase, and β-galactosidase in the tissues of carp, Cyprinus carpio, crucian carp, Carassius carassius, grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus, rainbow trout, Salmo gairdnerii, silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, tilapia, Tilapia nilotica, and yellowtail, Seriola quinqueradiata, were investigated to see the relation between the feeding habits and the distribution of the enzymes.
    The species exhibiting the strongest amylase activity of the digestive tracts is crucian carp followed by grass carp, tilapia, carp, and silver carp. Very weak or negligible activities of amylase are found in the digestive tracts of rainbow trout, eel, and yellowtail. These results may support the concept that the amylase activity of the digestive tracts depends on the feeding habit of fish. The liver and spleen of the herbivorous and the omnivorous also show the strong amylase activities, while the carnivorous does not. The activities of α-glucosidase in the tissues of grass carp, the herbivorous, are much stronger than those of eel, the carnivorous. On the other hand, the apparent correlation between the feeding habits and the activities of β-glucosidase is not found even with the digestive tracts.
    The activities of β-galactosidase in the digestive tracts are stronger in the herbivorous and the omnivorous (except the carp) than in the carnivorous. The liver, kidney, and spleen have also the high activities of β-galactosidase. The intracellular distribution of β-galactosidase in the tissues of fish were confirmed by the histochemical investigations.
  • 永山 文男, 山田 泰蔵, 田内 大
    1968 年 34 巻 10 号 p. 950-954
    発行日: 1968/10/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    As reported by several workers1), the enzyme activity of glucuronide conjugation in fish is very weak or undetectable. However, SMITH2) noticed the fact that the marine fishes possess the apparent ability of glucuronide conjugation while the fresh water fishes do not, and he suggested that the mechanism may relate to the osmotic pressure of water surrounding fishes.
    In this experiment, using two species of Tilapia and rainbow trout, we investigated the levels of two enzymes which are responsible for the glucuronide conjugation, and three glycosidases of fish during the adaptation to salt water.
    Fishes showed a strong activity of UDPglucose dehydrogenase and a weak activity of UDPglucuronyl transferase. The “induction” was not found with the activities of both enzymes during the adaptation to salt water.
    The activities of UDPglucose dehydrogenase and β-glucosidase of liver, β-galactosidase and β-glucuronidase of kidney were decreased through the adaptation to salt water, while the activities of β-glucuronidase and β-galactosidase of liver, and β-glucosidase of kidney were increased.
  • 天野 秀臣, 橋本 周久, 松浦 文雄
    1968 年 34 巻 10 号 p. 955-958
    発行日: 1968/10/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Crystalline specimens of tuna, skipjack, and blue-white dolphin Mb's were prepared and analyzed for N-terminal structure. No N-terminal amino acid was detected by the DNP method in tuna and skipjack Mb's, whereas 1N-terminal glycyl residue per molecule was detected in blue-white dolphin Mb. One acetyl group per molecule was determined in each Mb by gas chromatographic and colorimetric methods. Based on those results, it may be concluded that both fish Mb's have an acetylated N-terminal amino acid residue, while blue-white dolphin Mb has a glycyl residue as N-terminus and an acetyl group at the other position of the molecule.
  • 青江 弘, 増田 績, 三村 二雄, 斎藤 孝士, 河面 敦子
    1968 年 34 巻 10 号 p. 959-964
    発行日: 1968/10/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    1. The deficiency symptoms and requirement for vitamin A of young carp have been studied, using the synthetic vitamin A acetate and the basal diet devised by HALVER et al.
    2. The deficiency symptoms were characterized by anorexia, retarded growth, faded body color, hemorrhage in the fins and skin, warped gill opercula, and exophthalmia. These symptoms could not be alleviated by administration of vitamin A, except anorexia, retarded growth, and faded body color.
    3. Under the experimental conditions adopted, the requirement of young carp was estimated to be 400 ?? 2, 000 I.U. per 100g of diet, or 100 ?? 500 I.U. per kg of body weight per day, on the basis of the deficiency symptoms and vitamin A concentration of the hepatopancreas.
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