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Volume 34, Issue 11
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
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Shoichi TAKEUCHI1968 Volume 34 Issue 11 Pages 969-972
Published: November 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the present studies, the catch of a trap net composed of inshore and offshore nets was analyzed to know the effects of the depth at which they were placed, and the type of them (as shown in Fig. 2) on the catch, from the data of the ratio of catching fish (indicated by the ratio of total numbers of hauling net to the numbers of hauling net with fish) and the catch per hauling with fish at the periods of 1958, 1960 and 1961, which were obtained from the diaries of the trap net at Hisanohama fishing ground in Fukushima Prefecture. The results obtained are as follows:
1) On yellow tail, Seriola quinqueradiata, the ratio of catching fish is almost equal between the inshore and offshore nets at the periods when the both are constructed with the same type of ordinary or mid-water nets (1958 and 1961). The catch per hauling with fish shows, however, a higher value in the offshore net. In comparison between mid-water type trap nets (1960), the ratio of catching fish is higher in the former, while the catch per hauling with fish is higher in the latter.
2) On red sea bream, Chrysophrys major, the inshore net superiors in the ratio of catching fish and in the catch per hauling with fish to the offshore net at the period when the both are formed with ordinary type (1958). When the both are mid-water type (1961), there are no difference in the above items. Considering on the offshore net, the mid-water type is better than the ordinary one from the viewpoint of the ratio of catching fish (1960).View full abstractDownload PDF (235K) -
Fat Absorption in the Gut Epithelium of Goldfish LarvaeTamotsu IWAI1968 Volume 34 Issue 11 Pages 973-978
Published: November 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the goldfish larvae, numerous fat droplets were detected in the cytoplasm of columnar epithelial cells of the mid gut after administration of boiled egg-yolk emulsions with corn oil. No conspicuous changes of invaginations were observed in the intermicrovillous spaces of the cells loaded heavily with fat droplets. On the other hand, vigorous pinocytosis occurred in the columnar epithelial cells of the posterior gut, which was probably implicated in protein absorption.
Observations supported the hypothesis that in teleost larvae fat is mainly absorbed by the mid gut before the constriction by which it is distinguishable from the posterior gut.View full abstractDownload PDF (400K) -
Takeo TANIGUGHI1968 Volume 34 Issue 11 Pages 979-982
Published: November 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe hydrodynamic resistance of cod-ends of various types with 30% shortening of towing net (Table 1) was measured experimentally. The results were compared with theoretical values which had been given by some formulae on the resistance obtained in the previous reports1, 2) of this series.
So far as the present series of model experiments have concerned (towing speed is in the range 0.1-2.5m/sec), the resistance of each net increased proportionately with 1.7-1.9 power of towing speed and its maximum variation among models was showed about twice as large as both results of theory and the previous experiment2) of net without shortening (Table 2 and Fig. 2). And the drag-coefficient of netting twine of these nets were nearly coincide with that of infinite circular cylinder (Fig. 1).View full abstractDownload PDF (178K) -
Occurrence Pattern of the EphyraToru YASUDA1968 Volume 34 Issue 11 Pages 983-987
Published: November 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper deals with the occurrence pattern of the ephyra stage of the jelly-fish, Aurelia aurita LAMARCK, in Urazoko Bay near Tsuruga. Sampling of the material and hydrographic observations were made usually twice a month by vertical haul of a plankton-net (45cm in mouth aperture, 0.33mm in mesh) throughout the period from November 1966 to October 1967. The results obtained are summarized as follows:
1) The ephyrae occurred from middle January to late June, with the peak in April. Therefore, storobilation of the polyp of Aurelia aurita was supposed to continue through the early season of the above-mentioned period in this bay.
2) Ephyrae were distributed rather evenly in the inner part as well as in the mouth of the bay, except when the highest population density showed 33.1-68.0 per m3 in the inner part of the bay in April.
3) Ephyrae occurred at 8°-22°C in surface water temperature, 15.9-18.9‰ in surface chlorinity; they were observed to occur 10.1 per m3 in population density in water at 11°-21°C, in temperature and 16.9-18.8‰ in chlorinity.View full abstractDownload PDF (291K) -
Secular Variation of Catch and Change of FisheriesTakao HAMADA1968 Volume 34 Issue 11 Pages 988-996
Published: November 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe statistics of total catch of sand-lance since 1905 and catch and effort data by types of fisheries in recent years are analysed to find trends of the fisheries and the population. Following results are obtained.
1) The whole period (1905-1967) can be devided into two periods, upto and after 1943, according to the trend of total catch. In both periods the total catch increased exponentially and the coefficient of increase in the latter period is about 1.3 times of that in the former.
2) The sand-lance of 0-age occupy 80-98% of the total. The dominant fishery of komashi ami in the former period was taken over by funabiki ami and patchi ami in the latter period. The age composition of fish in the catch also changed and immature fish form a growing percentage in comparison with larvae and juveniles.
3) Peak month of catch shifted from April to May as a result of changes in demand for the size of fish and the types of gear.View full abstractDownload PDF (503K) -
Increase in Rates of Fertilization and Development by Estradiol-17βKatsuyoshi MORI1968 Volume 34 Issue 11 Pages 997-999
Published: November 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. The effects of estradiol-17β on the fertilization and development were studied, using the Japanese common oysters, Crassostrea gigas, gonads of which were not yet fully developed.
2. Estradiol-3-benzoate caused an increase in these rates. This result supports the suggestion that the metabolism of steroids by oyster sperm might be related to reproduction1).
3. This steroid caused a marked increase in sperm motility. It failed to agglutinate spermatozoa, and induced no structural change such as an acrosomal reaction.View full abstractDownload PDF (181K) -
Introduction of Four or More Point Method and Correction of Error due to the Inclination of Camera in Holding.Shinya ISHIO, Tetuo TOMIYAMA1968 Volume 34 Issue 11 Pages 1000-1008
Published: November 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe photogrammetry with a common type camera has been proved to be actually useful for deciding boat-positions1). However, there were also observed, not a few times, considerably great errors of boat-positions, because of unexpected locations of three terrestrial objects chosen for surveying and the boat-position near on a circumference.
In order to avoid such impermissible errors, authors attempted to introduce the four or more point method2) into the photogrammetry reported1). The modified method did not give any great errors as before, although the accuracy of survey itself did not differ from that of the three point method obtained under the best condition1). There are also proposed equations (1) and (5) for computing errors of angle and distance due to the inclination of camera in holding when photographs. The procedure for removing these errors was illustrated. The permissible inclination of camera was expressed as a space between the principal horizontal line and the coastal line on the negative film, and it was estimated to be less than 10% of the focal distance of camera-lens provided that the accuracy of survey was required to be within 0.5%. This accuracy may be understood by equation (8) and by referring Table 1.View full abstractDownload PDF (560K) -
Hiroshi MAÉDA, Shiro MINAMI, Masami NISHINO1968 Volume 34 Issue 11 Pages 1009-1014
Published: November 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSignificance of clarifying the variability in hauling speed of tuna longline lies on such fact that the hauling speed may govern the daily capacity of a boat for fishing. The records collected from the hauling work by a training tuna longliner showed the following tendencies:
1. About 64% of the baskets (225m long) could be hauled up in one minute, 34% in two minutes, and the rest 2.% in three to six minutes.
2. A catch of high-priced fish or ferocious one retarded the hauling speed.
3. The hauling speed showed a three basket periodicity. But whether this is valid due to that in tautness of mainline or nothing but a false one due to treatment of fractional time in measuring the speed is doubtful.
4. The difference in skipper and in wind from 2 to 9m/sec. caused no difference in hauling speed, so far as the present study had concerned.View full abstractDownload PDF (361K) -
Hisako SHIMMA, Yaichiro SHIMMA1968 Volume 34 Issue 11 Pages 1015-1021
Published: November 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSucceeding the previous works egg oil of deep-sea benthonic sharks caught by long line in Suruga Bay was analysed (Table 1). Egg lipids were separated after saponification to fatty acids and unsaponifiable matters which were further classified on a Florisil column into hydrocarbon, cholesterol, and glyceryl ether fractions. Compositions of fatty acids and long-chain alcohol groups of glyceryl ethers were determined by gas chromatography.
Contents of unsaponifiable matters (21-44%) and hydrocarbons (10-31%) were remarkably lower and the differences among the shark species, therefore, were smaller than those of the liver oil reported in the previous papers (Tables 1 and 2). While cholesterol contents of egg oil were very high ranging between 33 and 59mg/g (Table 3), glyceryl ether contents and the compositions of its long-chain alcohol groups were similar to the liver oil (Tables 3 and 4). Fatty acid compositions showed high amounts of highly unsaturated acids such as 20:5 and 22:6 acids (Table 5).
In regard to the results of samples No. 10-13 attached to embryos the egg lipids seemed unchanged during growth of the embryos as far as the investigated components were concerned (Tables 2 and 3). Moreover, about a quarter of the egg oil was transfered to the embryo liver after minor changes were occurred in fatty acid and glyceryl ether compositions (Tables 4 and 5).
Abnormal sample of No. 9 having no form of each egg but bulky egg-stuff in uteri showed severely low percentages of oil and of the unsaponifiables (Table 1).View full abstractDownload PDF (461K) -
Yumiko MATSUDA1968 Volume 34 Issue 11 Pages 1022-1025
Published: November 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the previous paper1) it was shown that the lyophilized “tokoroten”, gelidium jelly, obtained by vacuum freezing prior to freeze-drying was the most preferable in uniformity of its tissue and simplicity in processing. In this study effect of platen temperature on the characteristics of freeze-dried product was examined.
“Tokoroten” cut into 1.4cm cubes was frozen by vacuum freezing and subsequently freeze-dried at various platen temperatures of 60°, 40°and 20°C.
The tissue of lyophilized “tokoroten” was not influenced by platen temperature. In addition, no considerable difference in quality was observed between the jellies made from the dried products and the original one.
It may be concluded from these results that the vacuum freezing and subsequent freeze-drying at a high platen temperature of 60°C is the most preferable method for obtaining a favourable product in a short time.View full abstractDownload PDF (354K) -
Yumiko MATSUDA1968 Volume 34 Issue 11 Pages 1026-1030
Published: November 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt was reported in the previous paper1) that the lyophilization is a preferable method for the preservation of “tokoroten”, gelidium jelly, as the lyophilized product gave, on reconstitution, a jelly having similar flavour and elasticity to those of the original “tokoroten”. In this study, freezing preservation of it was attempted.
“Tokoroten” cut into 1.4cm cubes was frozen by three different methods, vacuum freezing, air blast freezing (3m/sec) at -30°C and still air freezing at -30°C, and stored at -25°, -15°and -5°C for 3 months. At a definite storage interval, the samples were dissolved in boiling water. The resulting solutions were condensed to the original concentration and gelatinized. The jellies thus obtained were examined on their qualities, such as colour, flavour, texture, palatability, jelly strength and compressive strain, to compared with those of the original one.
Immediately after freezing, reconstitution of all samples was nearly perfect. The jellies prepared from the stored samples showed only slight discolouration and off-flavour. The storage temperature and period did not affect the qualities appreciably.
It may be concluded from these results that “tokoroten” can be preserved frozen at least for 3 months at a temperature as high as -5°C without any unfavourable change of quality, and that the frozen “tokoroten” can be reconstituted almost perfectly if the process of thawing in boiling water is introduced.View full abstractDownload PDF (276K) -
ATP-breakdowns in Canned Pink Salmon and Mackerel in Relation to their Inspection GradesYutaka FUJII, Eizaburo NOGUCHI, Kuo-Hsiung SU1968 Volume 34 Issue 11 Pages 1031-1035
Published: November 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAs was shown in the previous paper1), the composition of ATP broken-down compounds in a canned fish clearly correlates the freshness of the raw fish used. The present paper deals with a correlation between the composition of ATP-breakdowns in canned fish samples and their inspection grades judged by their odour. The analysis for HX, HXR and IMP was carried out using 5'-nucleotidase (or alkali phosphatase) in addition to nucleoside phosphorylase (EHIRA9)) and xanthine oxidase (JONES8)).
In the case of canned pink salmon a ratio of HX (moles/g) to HX+HXR+IMP (moles/g) corresponded to its inspection grade; the larger the ratio was, the less favorable the odour was (Fig. 5). In the case of mackerel, however, a ratio of IMP to HX+HXR+IMP correspond better than that applying HX as the numerator instead of IMP (Fig. 6).
From the above findings it was proposed that the analytical data of ATP-breakdowns in a canned fish may be adopted as an index of its quality.View full abstractDownload PDF (326K) -
Hydrothermal Stability of ElastoidinShigeru KIMURA, Minoru KUBOTA1968 Volume 34 Issue 11 Pages 1036-1039
Published: November 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (214K) -
Purification and Some Properties of Histidine Deaminase from Mackerel MuscleMorihiko SAKAGUCHI, Akira KAWAI1968 Volume 34 Issue 11 Pages 1040-1046
Published: November 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. A procedure for obtaining a partially purified preparation of histidine deaminase from mackerel muscle was developed and some properties of the enzyme were examined.
2. The deaminase was purified from mackerel muscle about 380-fold using a method of fractionation employing ammonium sulfate, heat-treatment, DEAE-Sephadex chromatography, hydroxylapatite chromatography and Sephadex G-200 gel-filtration.
3. The enzyme was relatively stable at the temperature below 55°C, at the alkaline condition.
4. The pH optimum of the enzyme was found at 9.0.
5. Metals, with the exception of Zn and pCMB showed slight or strong inhibitory effects on the enzyme action, but EDTA did not cause an inhibition. SH compounds did not activate the enzyme reaction, however, the pCMB-inactivation was recovered by the addition of cysteine.View full abstractDownload PDF (362K) -
Fumio NAGAYAMA, Masaro HAYASHI1968 Volume 34 Issue 11 Pages 1047-1057
Published: November 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAs reported previously4), β-glucuronidase is distributed widely in the fish tissues such as liver and kidney. In this paper, the properties of β-glucuronidase prepared from the liver of rainbow trout, skipjack and abalone were compared with that of the bovine liver enzyme.
1. The optimum pH of the fish enzyme is 4.5 which is not much different from the value for the mammalian enzyme, while the abalone enzyme exhibits its maximum activity at pH 3.6 (Fig. 3).
2. There is no extreme difference among the Km values of phenolphthalein-β-D-glucosiduronic acid and p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucosiduronic acid for the enzymes from different sources (Table 2).
3. Arrhenius plot shows a downward bend at 30-40° (Fig. 6). The activation energy is 18, 000-20, 000cal./mole below the transition temperature for all enzymes, but the values above that temperature vary with the enzymes from different sources (Table 3).
4. The thermostability of the enzyme seems to be independent of the body temperature of animals from which the enzyme was prepared (Fig. 7).
5. The fish enzyme is inhibited competitively by glucaro-1, 4-lactone and noncompetitively by metal ions as seen with the mammalian enzyme (Figs. 9 and 11). The inhibition by metal ions is completely reversed by the addition of cysteine (Table 8). In general, there is no great difference among the Ki values of various inhibitors for the enzyme prepared from different sources (Tables 5 and 7).
6. The enzyme of rainbow trout is inhibited by DNA as well as by heparin (Table 9).View full abstractDownload PDF (609K)
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