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Volume 34, Issue 12
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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Change of Serum Protein Fractions during StorageHideo YAMASHITA1968 Volume 34 Issue 12 Pages 1059-1065
Published: December 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe electrophoretic technique with cellulose acetate membrane was applied to rockfish serum to analyze the change in the amount of serum protein and its fractions which occurred during the course of storage.
The difference of electrophoretic patterns with sex was also examined.
Sampling of the blood and measurements of serum protein, haematocrit, urea nitrogen level of serum were done following the same techniques as used in the previous investigations5, 6). In addition, the electrophoresis was also used. Immediately after the sampling, the blood was centrifuged for 30 minutes at 2, 500-3, 000rpm to obtain the serum.
The serum was then stored in a refrigerator with temperature between 4° and 7°C. Electrophoretic apparatus: Separax Micro Analysis (Jo Ko Sangyo Co., Ltd.) with Separax cellulose acetate membrane.
Application of serum: Materials (0.0008-0.001ml per 1cm wide) were spread 1.5cm from the edge of anode end of a strip. Electrification: Constant current of 0.8mA/cm width of the strip was applied for 50 minutes. Electric pressure in this case ranged from 145 to 255V.
Buffer solution: Veronal buffer pH 8.6, ionic strength 0.07.
Staining: Ponceau 3R for 90 seconds. Destaining: 1% glacial acetic acid solution. Quantitative measurement: After being made transparent with liquid paraffin, electrophero-grams were estimated for extinction at the center with 0.5×0.6mm slit at 500mμ using Atago Self Recording Densitometer (Ozumor Types 7 and 8, Atago Optical Works Co., Ltd.)
To compare the electrophoretic patterns obtained, normal human serum (Moni-Trol 1; Dade Reagents Inc.) was used. The amount of serum protein appeared to increase with the duration of storage (Table 2).
Five peaks were observed clearly in the fresh materials of both sexes just after the sampling of blood. The differentiation of the peaks, however, lessened with the prolongation of preservation. The position of each component, especially of the first peak, showed a trend to move toward the anode (Fig. 1). The electrophoretic patterns seemed reproducible during only 3 days after the sampling (Fig. 1).
The pattern of serum proteins had five components for both male and female. No component equivalent in migration to albumin of normal human serum was observed. The maximum peak for the male appeared at the position of human globulin alpha 2, and that for the female occurred at human globulin beta (Fig. 2). Component-IV was the largest in both male and female (Table 4).View full abstractDownload PDF (457K) -
Change of the Amount of Blood Elements and the Electrophoretic Pattern of Serum Protein under the Influence of StressHideo YAMASHITA1968 Volume 34 Issue 12 Pages 1066-1071
Published: December 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo obtain the blood samples of the fish in the field, specimens which have just been caught by net or fishing-tackle are usually used. The influence of fright and stress, which may occur during the course of catch, on the blood elements was therefore examined to estimate the technical errors encountered in the study of the physiological ecology of fish from the haematological point of view.
Specimens were kept in a concrete tank (0.7m3) during the period of experiment (January 14-February 1, 1967) after 19 days of acclimation there. Apparently only healthy specimens were used. In order to induce the effect of stress, a portion of the lower jaw of the rockfish was hooked using a short angling rod (40cm) furnished with a thread 20cm long, which forced the specimens to swim continuously in the tank during 3 different periods of time, i.e. 5, 10 and 30 minutes. Sampling of the blood, measurement of specific gravity, haematocrit, urea nitrogen level of serum, and serum protein and also the electrophoresis were all conducted with the identical techniques used in the previous investigations3, 4, 5).
The specific gravity of the blood, haematocrit value (exclusive of the resting fish), total serum protein and the urea nitrogen level of serum did not differ in the resting specimens or in the exercised specimens, according to the sex (Tables 1 and 2).
The quantity of total serum protein for exercised fish was larger than that of resting one both in the male the female (Tables 1 and 2). Urea nitrogen of serum for resting fish could not be detected irrespective of sex (Table 1). On the other hand, values higher than 15.0mg/100ml were obtained from exercised specimens in both the male and the female (Table 2).
The electrophoretic pattern of serum protein in resting specimens indicated clearly 5 fractions. Component-IV of the male was larger than that of the female, while Component-V of the female was much larger than that of the male (Table 3, Fig. 1). Five peaks of serum protein were also observed in exercised specimens. The percentage of each fraction was similar to that of the resting fish in each sex (Table 4, Fig. 2).View full abstractDownload PDF (458K) -
Relation between Age Composition by Sub-areas and Annual Variation of Hook RateJun NAKAGOME, KAZUO ISOBE1968 Volume 34 Issue 12 Pages 1072-1077
Published: December 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe authors studied the monthly and annual variation of hook rate of albacore and the relation between difference of age composition by sub-areas and the annual variation of hook rate of the fish in the Coral and Tasman Seas, and obtained following results:
1. The hook rate of the fish declined in the sub-areas B, D and E from July to December, increased in the sub-areas F and G in the same period and increased from September to December after declined from July to September in the sub-area C (Figs. 2 and 3).
2. Hook rate was high in the sub-area G in 1956 and 1959, was high in the sub-areas A, D and E in 1954, 1957 and 1960, and was high in the sub-areas B and C in 1954, 1958 and 1961 (Fig. 4 and Table 1).
3. Almost all fish were six-year-olds in the sub-areas A and B, majority were five-year-olds followed by six-year-olds in the sub-areas D and E, and four-year-olds dominated occupying nearly a half in the sub-areas F and G (Fig. 5).
4. From the relation between difference of high hook rate year and that of age composition between sub-areas, it is thought that high hook rate might have been brought by dominant year class and that high hook rate might have moved to northern sub-areas as dominant year class moved to northern sub-areas.View full abstractDownload PDF (400K) -
Monthly and Annual Variations of Sea Surface Temperature and Their Relation to Monthly and Annual Variations of Hook RateJun NAKAGOME, Kazuo ISOBE1968 Volume 34 Issue 12 Pages 1078-1082
Published: December 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe authors studied monthly and annual variations of sea surface temperature and compared them with monthly and annual variations of hook rate, and obtained following results:
1. Sea surface temperature declined a little or remained about a same level from July to August/September and rose from August/September to December (Figs. 2 and 3).
2. Sea surface temperature rose from August/September to December and hook rate declined from July to October/November in sub-areas B, D and E. Both rose from July to December in sub-areas F and G and from September to December in sub-area C (Fig. 3).
3. Annual variation of sea surface temperature is different between sub-areas, though the temperature in each sub-area was generally high around 1956 or 1957 and around 1961 or 1962 (Fig. 4 and Table 1).
4. Annual variation of hook rate was not related directly with annual variation of sea surface temperature (Fig. 4).View full abstractDownload PDF (345K) -
Kiyoshi IGARASHI1968 Volume 34 Issue 12 Pages 1083-1087
Published: December 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present report is one of the series of biological studies on the scutes of stickleback carried out by the author for six years from 1952 to 1968. The samples used are Musashi-tomiyo, Pungitius sp., collected in the suburbs of Kumagai, Saitama Prefecture, The results obtained are as follows:
1) In Musashi-tomiyo, it seems that the fifth (No. 5) scute appears first in the posterior region of the side of caudal peduncle. And then the other five or six scutes are formed in turn before and behind the fifth one. The arrangement of scutes shows the Semiloricata type.
2) The construction of scutes of Musashi-tomiyo: there appears no rhombic scute as seen in Pungitius sinensis, but rectangular scutes on the postero-tateral region of caudal peduncle. The main-axial ridges and lateral network ridges of scutes develop well, and the process progresses more steadily than that of Pungitius pungitius.
3) From these facts it may be concluded that this fish should not be identified as Pungitius pungitius, but as an independent species in genus Pungitius.View full abstractDownload PDF (486K) -
Distribution and Movement in the Yellow Sea as Ascertained by Tagging During 1965Keisuke OKADA1968 Volume 34 Issue 12 Pages 1088-1095
Published: December 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to investigate the distribution as well as direction and speed of movement of the sea bream, Chrysophrys major TEMMINCK et SCHLEGEL, 4, 850 individuals of tagged fish, caught by a bull trawler, were released from October 23 to 28, 1965. The release was concentrated in the 180th, 190th and 371st official blocks situated in the middle part of the Yellow Sea (Table 1, Fig. 1).
A total of 791 individuals were recovered by the end of March 1966, with the recovery rate of 16%.
86% of the total number of recovered fishes were recaptured during 30 days after the release. The result suggests that the fishing efforts on the sea bream resources in the Yellow Sea were fairly intensive during this period. It is presumed that no sea bream were distributed in the fishing areas where no tagged fish were recovered. The range of distribution of this species was therefore clear as shown in Fig. 3.
They moved in all directions within 30 days after their release, most of them, however, migrated only towards the east and southeast thereafter (Fig. 4).
Concerning the speed of movement, no evidence of movement was obtained immediately after the release. The velocity then increased rapidly until around the 20th day, but after that gradually decreased, which probably indicated their approach to the wintering area (Fig. 5).View full abstractDownload PDF (580K) -
Histochemical Similarities Between the Otolith and the Macula Region of Sacculus in Juvenile Rainbow Trout, With Special Reference to the Otolith Formation of FishYasuo MUGIYA1968 Volume 34 Issue 12 Pages 1096-1106
Published: December 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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Movement of the Tagged Spawning Fish to Rivers from the Coastal Sea AreaRyuhei SATO, Michio OMORI, Takashi MAIWA1968 Volume 34 Issue 12 Pages 1107-1111
Published: December 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Nineteen chum salmon caught by a trap set in Otsuchi Rivers were tagged and released inside Otsuchi Bay. Among them, 13 tagged fish were recaptured in Otsuchi River. Eight chum salmon caught by a trap set in Kotsuchi River were also tagged and released inside Otsuchi Bay. Among them, 2 tagged fish were recaptured in Kotsuchi River. The results of the two experiments showed that the chum salmon return to a certain stream which the fish had once before ascended to spawn and this seems to be the parent stream of the fish.
2. Fourteen chum salmon caught by a trap set in Otsuchi River were transported to Kotsuchi River. After reserving them for 24 hours, these fish were transported again to a station inside Otsuchi Bay then tagged and released there. Among them, 2 tagged fish were recaptured in Otsuchi River, but none was recaptured in Kotsuchi River. The results of the experiment showed that the behavior of the chum salmon of returning to Otsuchi River does not change even after reserving the fish in another stream.
3. Eleven chum salmon caught by a trap net outside Otsuchi Bay were tagged and released there. Among them, one was recaptured in Otsuchi River and 2 in Otsuchi Bay, the other 6 fish, however, were recaptured in rivers and bays other than Otsuchi River and Otsuchi Bay. The results of the experiment showed that the cuum salmon reached a coast from the off sea and entered its parent stream after moving some distance north or south along the coast.
4. Twenty six chum salmon caught by a trap net inside Otsuchi Bay were tagged and released there. Among them, 8 were recaptured in Otsuchi River and one each were recaptured in Kotsuchi and Unozumi Rivers. The other 8 fish were recaptured inside the bay. The results of the tagging experiment showed that more than half of the chum salmon which entered Otsuchi Bay ascended the rivers emptying into the bay in a short time though some continued swimming around the bay for several days before the ascending rivers.View full abstractDownload PDF (287K) -
H. S. OLCOTT, E. G. RICHARDS, J. Van der VEEN, B. F. MEDWADOWSKI1968 Volume 34 Issue 12 Pages 1112-1113
Published: December 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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On the Marine Denitrifying BacteriaMasao KIMATA, Yoichi YOSHIDA, Michiko TANIGUCHI1968 Volume 34 Issue 12 Pages 1114-1117
Published: December 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. The distribution of marine denitrifying bacteria in Maizuru Bay and Wakasa Bay were investigated, the methods to count and assort the bacteria being clarified.
2. The counts of marine denitrifying bacteria were comparatively large in bottom muds and sea water, i. e. 102-105 cells/g and 100-102 cells/ml, respectively.
3. Of these bacteria, the counts of three types I (NO3→NO2), II (NO3→NO2→NH3) and IV (NO2→NH3) were 10-80 per cent of those of total heterotrophic bacteria, although the counts of both types III (NO3→NO2→N2) and V (NO2→N2) were only a few per cent or less of those of total heterotrophic ones. Further, these percentages of the bacteria in sea water were smaller as compared with those in bottom muds.View full abstractDownload PDF (275K) -
Yoshiyuki TAKASE, Masanao SHIMIZU, Saburoh S. KUBOTA1968 Volume 34 Issue 12 Pages 1118-1123
Published: December 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe absorption of P-7138 by fishes and its distribution in their bodies were investigated. When eels, goldfish, yellowtails and abalones were bathed in P-7138 solution, the compound was distributed in the various tissues. The prompt absorption was observed in eels, mainly through the gills, even after bathing at low temperatures, for short time and at low concentrations. By oral administration to yellowtails the compound in all the body parts attained to the maximum levels 1 hour post-administration. The extinction of this compound from the fishes was comparatively rapid.View full abstractDownload PDF (348K) -
Distribution of β-1, 4'-Xylan-decomposing Bacteria in the Coastal RegionMasatada MURAKAMI, Hiroaki FUJISAWA1968 Volume 34 Issue 12 Pages 1124-1130
Published: December 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to ascertain the distribution of β-1, 4'-xylan-decomposing bacteria in the coastal region, sea water, bottom sediments and seaweeds in the sea near Yoshimi, Shimonoseki were examined through the four seasons during 1966 and 1967.
The results obtained were as follows:
1. The β-1, 4'-xylan-decomposing bacteria were widely distributed in the coastal region during the whole year, and the bacterial population was more abundant in the bottom sediments and on the seaweeds than in the sea water.
2. In the sea water, the count of xylan-decomposing bacteria was generally higher in shore than off shore, and also in shore it was higher near the bottom than at the surface.
3. It was found that the number of xylan-decomposing bacteria was considerably relative to the COD value in the bottom sediments.
These results suggest that the xylan-decomposing bacteria may be adherent to the surface of the solid material in the marine environment, and may grow well on the substances which are rich in the amount of organic matter.View full abstractDownload PDF (418K) -
Takeshi WATANABE, Yoshiro HASHIMOTO1968 Volume 34 Issue 12 Pages 1131-1140
Published: December 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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Formation of Organic AcidsKoichi OKUTANI, Hideo KITADA1968 Volume 34 Issue 12 Pages 1141-1146
Published: December 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt was observed that growth of V. orphus K6 and Al. channe K10, marine chitin-decomposing bacteria, were stimulated by acetate, lactate and succinate. On the contrary, among organic acids which were added to the bacterial cultures only succinate had the stimulatory effect on the activity of the chitinolytic enzyme produced. Acetate had inhibitory and locate had no effect on enzyme activity.View full abstractDownload PDF (264K)
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