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Volume 34, Issue 5
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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On Horse Mackerel, Flasher, Butter Fish, Hashikinme, Frigate Mackerel, Barracuda and AlfonsisAtsuo ICHIHARA1968 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages 365-377
Published: May 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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Motoo INOUE, Mitsuyoshi AOKI, Yoichi TANAKA1968 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages 378-384
Published: May 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDespite success in raising farm animals with chlorella as a basic diet, previous attempts at using this freshwater organism as nutritive source for marine plankton and larvae of shell fish had difficulities in that the chlorella was not always digested well by larval shellfish, and that the propagation in seawater of high salinity (S 34‰) was unfeasibly poor.
The present research was designed to explore a possibility of using the chlorella as food for larva of tunas and other fish. The material was prepared by culturing Chlorella ellipsoidea in freshwater which was fed with a diluted liquid fertilizer from time to time. The initial density of the organism in the suspension was 8×106/ml in number of cells. In determining the effect of chlorinity on the propagation the chlorella suspension in experiment A was admixed with seawater (Cl 19‰) at the ratio of 1:1; in experiment B one part of seawater (Cl 19‰) received one half of chlorella suspension twice in two days; in experiment C the culturing water consisting of one chlorella suspension and a quarter of seawater (Cl 19‰) was renewed with a quarter of seawater six times at intervals of two days. While the cultured organism in A and B needed about 40 days to attain a maximum concentration (30×l06/ml), experiment C was effective in producing the concentration of 37×l06/ml in 11 days. Chlorinity at the end of those experiments was respectively 12.50, 16.44, and 21.12‰. During experiment C over a month the average diameter of the cells was reduced from 9.3 to 2.0μ with some of the smallest individuals occurring as early as 10 days after onset of the experiment.
In subsequent experiments an increase in the number of cells from the initial level was 15×l06/ml in 15 days for two mean temperatures 16° and 21°C but it was 25×l06/ml in 18 days at 26°C. Among various ratios of inoculation, 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, of chlorella suspension to the culturing seawater, the second one had the best result, increasing the number of cells by 25×l06ml in 20 days. In the presence of a commercial fertilizer, however, the quarter inoculation revealed better effect with an increase of the number of cells being 60×l06/ml in 16 days.
On a future occasion detailed accounts of breeding copepods and other zooplankton (50-70μ in diameter) with the chlorella adapted to seawater will be made in connection with its digestibility.View full abstractDownload PDF (471K) -
Studies on the Post-mortem Identification of the Pollutant in the Fish Killed by Water Pollution-VIIDetection of Nickel in the FishTeiji KARIYA, Kuniaki KAWASE, Hideo HAGA, Tsutomu TSUDA1968 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages 385-390
Published: May 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this study, an attempt was made to detect nickel in the bodies of fish killed by nickel solutions. Nickel content was determined by the Dimethylglyoxime method.
Nickel was clearly detected in the bodies of fish killed by NiSO4 solution and by three kinds of nickel-plating solutions, moreover it was detected in the bodies of living fish in Ni solutions in these experiments. It was also possible to detect after washing with the running tap water for 24 hours after death. Nickel in normal fish was not detected with accuracy of this method.
According to these experiments, it was concluded that this method could be used for the post-mortem identification of the pollutant in the fish killed by nickel solutions.View full abstractDownload PDF (363K) -
Rate of Exploitation and Efficiency of Seining OperationMasatosi SINODA1968 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages 391-394
Published: May 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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The Effect of Ground Baits and Attracting Fish Lamps on the Catch of Mackerel Pole and Line FisheryMichio OGURA1968 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages 395-398
Published: May 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the pole and line fishing for mackerel to make them lure long in the illumination zone of attracting fish lamps, it is necessary to scatter ground baits continuously on the illuminated water until the fishing end. Thus, the effects of ground baits and attracting fish lamps on the catch of the fishing may be very serious. In this paper the effects were investigated by the comparison between the catch of the boats based on the same harbour and the factors affecting on the catch, using the logbooks of the fishing boats operating in the sea near Boso Peninsula, Chiba Prefecture.
The results obtained are as follows: the consumption of ground baits has the most close relation to the catch compared with other factors, such as the tonnage of boats, the number of crew and the power of generators, and simultaneously, from the relation between fishing ability and light intensity (Fig. 3), a higher intensity of the lamps over 300 watts per an angler seems to be disadvantage for the fishing.View full abstractDownload PDF (267K) -
The Effect of the Consumption of Ground Baits on the Catch of Mackerel Pole and Line FisheryMichio OGURA1968 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages 399-403
Published: May 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is obvious in the previous paper1) that the catch of mackerel pole and line fishery is affected remarkably by the consumption of ground baits scattering on the illuminated water by attracting fish lamps.
In the present paper, to know the effect of ground baits on the catch more detail, the daily catch and daily consumption of ground baits were compared among twenty boats belonging to the same tonnage class, based on Toyohama harbour, Chiba prefecture.
They were divided into three groups in due consideration of the catch and the consumption of ground baits: good fishing (occupied over or mean catch by mean or less bait consumption), ordinary fishing (over or mean catch by mean or much bait consumption), and poor fishing (less catch) groups. Good fishing group has the crew experienced on the fishing for a longer year than other groups (Table 4) and thus, it seems to have a nicer skill to select a good fishing ground and also to save the ground baits, because the boats located just on the migration route of mackerel, its selection must chiefly due to a longer year experienced of crew are not necessary to shift from place to place and scatter a lot of baits but to make the fish stay in the illuminated region of the water.View full abstractDownload PDF (322K) -
Transport of Water Across the Membrane in the Sucrose Solution-Cephalin-Membrane-Salt Solution SystemMasa SHIRATORI, Haruo MIZUNO, Yatuhiro TABATA, Masanori OKAMOTO1968 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages 404-407
Published: May 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the previous papers6, 7), the authors studied on the transport of water In the water-cephalin-membrane-salt solution system. In the present paper, the sucrose solution-cephalin-membrane-salt solution system was studied by measuring the transport of water. The results obtained were as follows:
The total system was composed of a set of two solutions, a sucrose solution as well as
a solution of salts such as K-chloride, K-suIfate, and K-citrate, contacting with each other through a cephalin-membrane. The transport of water across the membrane was measured on various set of the two solutions at concentration varying independently over the range from M/1024 to M/2. Most of osmotic flow occurred from the sucrose side to the salt side and in the most cases the flow went to the opposite direction as is expected from a normal osmosis which takes place by the concentration difference (Fig. 1, 2, 3).
It is suggested that the ionic selectivity of the negatively charged cephalin-membrane renders the cations larger permeation velocity than the anions, and thus occurrence of a diffusion potential between the sucrose and salt solutions produces an electroosmosis across the membrane.
Since direction of flow across the membrane was opposite to that was expected from the normal osmosis, it seems that both normal osmosis and the electroosmosis overlap one another in the present results.View full abstractDownload PDF (290K) -
Transport of Water Across Lecithin-MembraneMasa SHIRATORI, Haruo MIZUNO1968 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages 408-410
Published: May 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPreviously1, 2), the authors studied on the transport of water through cephalin-membrane, and presumed that the membrane had characteristic of negatively charged membrane from the presence of an anomalous osmosis in electrolyte solution which occurred across the membrane from the side of water to the side of electrolyte solution. In the present paper, the transport of water through lecithin-membrane at different concentrations of salts and acids was examined. The results were as follows:
In the salt solutions, it was shown that the transport was similar to that of cephalin-membrane1), but positive osmosis was relatively lower than that of cephalin-membrane (Fig. 1, 3).
In the acidic solution, e. g. hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and L-glutamic acid, the transport decreased with increasing concentration of the solution, and their curves showed neither maximum nor minimum point in the region from M/1024 to M/2. The transport was of positive osmosis in a low concentration region, and was of negative osmosis in a high concentration region (Fig. 2).
In the solution of acetic acid or glycine, the transport did not vary for all concentration in this experiment (Fig. 2).
It is possible to conclude that the lecithin-membrane has a property of negatively charged membrane in the neutral solution, but has that of a positively charged membrane in the acidic solution.View full abstractDownload PDF (188K) -
Effect of Lecithin on the ATPase Activity of Actomyosin from Fish MuscleTakeshi TAGUCHI, Shizunori IKEDA1968 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages 411-414
Published: May 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. To discuss the biochemical role of lecithin in the actomyosin from fish muscle, the effect of lecithin on the ATPase activity of actomyosin was investigated. The results showed that the ATPase was activated by the addition of lecithin, inactivated by the treatment with phospholipase C, and reactivated by the addition of lecithin to the treated actomyosin. From these results, it is assumed that lecithin plays an important role in activating the ATPase.
2. The effect of lecithin on the interaction of actomyosin with ATP was discussed. The results showed that the limiting concentration of ATP on the dissociation of actomyosin decreased by the addition of lecithin, and the effect was accounted for in terms of an allosteric mechanism.View full abstractDownload PDF (238K) -
Yuji MARUYAMA, Taneko SUZUKI1968 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages 415-419
Published: May 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPost-mortem changes of horse mackerel myofibrillar proteins and sarcoplasmic protein were studied by means of solubility, viscosity and salting-out curves. Horse mackerel used was killed under narcosis and stored in crushed ice. Ordinary muscle samples taken from three to five whole bodies were combined and used for the preparation of extracts.
The solubility of 0.6M KC1-soluble proteins and myosins was greater at rigor stage than at pre-α post-rigor stage (Fig. 1), as has been found in other fishes1). However, the amount of sarcoplasmic protein extractable with 0.005M KC1 was found to decrease during storage.
It has been suggested by one of the authors1) that intrinsic viscosity of actomyosin of many pelagic fishes decreased to 0.5-0.2 after death, but in the case of horse mackerel the value decreased little by little (Fig. 2).
Salting-out curves of myosins show that at any stage peaks of actomyosin or myosin and tropomyosin fractions appeared, while only at rigor and post-rigor stages the actin peak did (Fig. 4).View full abstractDownload PDF (285K) -
Kisaburô SUGII, Toyosuke KINUMAKI1968 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages 420-428
Published: May 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSVery little works have been done on the vitamin E contents of fish tissues and practically no data are available on the distribution of vitamin E in every part of fish body.
In the present paper, basing on the combination of two previous methods devised by MORI-NAITÔ and KATSUI-NISHIMOTO, a new method was established for the estimation of vitamin E in fish tissues, as shown in Fig. 1.
The distribution of vitamin E in the body of skipjack, rainbow trout and carp was studied by this method. The results obtained are as follows.
(1) Roughly speaking, vitamin E evenly distributed in every organ or tissue of skipjack, rainbow trout and carp in normal condition (Tables 1-3).
(2) The distribution pattern of vitamin E was quite different from those of vitamins A and D (Fig. 2). This may suggest that in function, vitamin E resembles water-soluble vitamins much more than fat-soluble ones.
(3) The distribution pattern could be changed by feeding rainbow trout with excess vitamin E, and the vitamin was accumulated in the ovary (Table 2).
(4) Carp with nutritional muscular dystrophy showed a different distribution of vitamin E from that of normal fish (Table 3).View full abstractDownload PDF (639K)
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