All issues
Volume 34, Issue 6
Displaying 1-16 of 16 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
On the Size of the One-year-old SpecimenToshio OBA, Hajime SATO, Kunizo TANAKA, Tadatsugu TOYAMA1968 Volume 34 Issue 6 Pages 457-461
Published: June 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the studies on the propagation of an abalone, H. diversicolor supertexta, it is essential to estimate the age of the shell. The size of the one-year-old specimen, however, has not been definitely settled yet.
In the present paper, estimation of its size was made by the measurement of shells both reared in the laboratory and collected monthly from the natural bed in three years (Figs. 1 and 3).
The youngs reared in the laboratory reached 21.8-26.8mm (2.48mm in average) in shell length by the end of first year (Fig. 2). The results of the consecutive observations of size frequency distribution are shown in Fig. 3. The one-year-old specimens collected from natural bed are estimated as 22.0-27.9mm in shell length.View full abstractDownload PDF (296K) -
Distribution of 35S in Lipid FractionShiro SATO1968 Volume 34 Issue 6 Pages 462-465
Published: June 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo study the incorporation of 35S into lipid fraction in marine algae, Porphyra teneraand Ulva pertusa were culured for 48 hours in sea-water cotaining 35SO4--, and distribution of 35S in lipid fraction was examined. The results obtained are as follows;
1) In Ulva pertusa, 35S incorporatinon into lipid fraction was more active than in Porphyar tenera.
2) In both algae almost all of 35S were found in the acetone-insoluble fraction.
3) The acetone-insoluble fraction gave two 35S-containing compounds after deacylation. The one might be sulfoquinovose or its related compound originated from sulfolipid and the other was unkown.
4) It has been proved that sulfur uptake into the lipid fractions by these seaweeds showed a different patterns when compared with higher plants of photosynthetic microorganisms.View full abstractDownload PDF (193K) -
Effects on GoldfishKeiji HIROSE, Takashi HIBIYA1968 Volume 34 Issue 6 Pages 466-472
Published: June 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is recognized that the growth rate of the goldfish treated with 4-Cl was about two times higher than that of the control, and the optimum dose for the sish was 0.5mg per fish in both sexually active and inactive seasons. Such and effective anabolic action was not recognized in the case of MAD and T. P. mainly because of strong secondary effects of these steroids.
Renotrophic action and suppresseve one to gonadal maturation were also observed in the case of 4-Cl. 4-Cl has the renotrophic action, i. e. hypertrophy of epithelial cells and thrir nuclei of kidney tubules. However, in fish unlike in rat, this action is not available as an index of bioassay of anabolic action. The supperssive action of 4-Cl to gonadal maturation in the goldfish is chiefly attributable to inhibition of yolk deposition in the oocytes.View full abstractDownload PDF (559K) -
Effects of 4-Chlorotestosterone acetate on Rainbow troutKeiji HIROSE, Takashi HIBIYA1968 Volume 34 Issue 6 Pages 473-481
Published: June 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this study the authors administered 4-Cl to the trout for promoting the growth.
The optimum dose of 4-Cl for the trout was 2.5mg per fish in sexually active or inactive season. The growth-promoting potency of 4-Cl seems to be due mainly to an increase in utility of food given. The administration of doses higher than 2.5mg produced the pycnosis of interrenal and liver cells, and did not bring about the growth-promoting potency on the trout.
The suppressive action to gonadal maturation and hepatotrophic action were both observed as secondary actions of 4-Cl. As in the case of goldfish, 4-Cl suppressed a deposition of yolk in the oocytes and farther development beyond the stage of spermatogonia in testes. The suppression seems to be caused by blocking the release of gonadotrophins in the meso-adenohypophysis. On the other hand, the hypertrophy of liver was found to be due to hypertrophy of liver cells which stored a great amounts of glycogen. Further, the relation between the deposition of glycogen in the liver and the gluconeogenesis of interrenal cells was discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (833K) -
On Disappearance of Abnormally Accumulated Copper and Zinc in OystersKunio IKUTA1968 Volume 34 Issue 6 Pages 482-487
Published: June 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the previous papers, the author reported the local difference in copper contents of oysters, the factors causing the difference and the process of accumulation of copper and zinc in oysters transplanted into the water area producing green oyster. In the present experiment, oysters with abnormally accumulated copper and zinc were transplanted into the water area of normal oyster and the process of disappearance of the abnormally accumulated copper and zinc in the oysters was pursued. Following were results obtained:
1) The accumulated copper does not begin to disappear until half a month or more after the transplantation, i.e. the faculty of the abnormal absorption and accumulation of copper of oysters brought by abnormal environment was kept for a period after transplantation into the normal environment.
2) The accumulated zinc begins to disappear immediately after the transplantation, showing quick adaptation of oysters to the change of environment.
3) Decreasing rate of the accumulated copper is more than twice that of zinc.
4) The quantities of these metals in individual oyster were proved to decrease in the period of the experiment, when the individual had grown four times in weight. This indicates the loss of these metals from the oyster.
5) The contents of these metals and the ratio of zinc to copper fell to the normal value of oysters in 116 days experiment.View full abstractDownload PDF (314K) -
Simultaneous Estimation of Parameters of Pacific Bigeye Tuna by the Tracing MethodTakeo ISHII1968 Volume 34 Issue 6 Pages 488-494
Published: June 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) When two factors (M and q) were estimated by the tracing method assuming that the values of rl was constant (r2=0.08, r2 =0.24, r4=0.43, r5=0.25), these values were obtained to be 0.5630 and 0.09632/109 hooks respectively.
2) For the simultaneous estimation of the proportion of recruits (rl), the index for the proportion of recruits (Ir) was suggested, and rl in each line could be calculated from Ir, the mean recruitment age and normal distribution.
3) Two factors (M and q) were estimated for various levels of Ir, and it was obtained that M and q be 0.349 and 0.1859/109 hooks at Ir=0.88, and ?? min was less than that in two-factor estimation.
4) In the simultaneous three-factor estimation (M, q and Ir), three parameters were estimated to be as follows; Ir=0.879 (r2=0.126, rs=0.270, r4=0.335 and r5=0.269), M=0.350 and q=0.189/109 hooks.View full abstractDownload PDF (371K) -
Satiation Amount as Indicator of Amount ConsumedNaonori ISHIWATA1968 Volume 34 Issue 6 Pages 495-497
Published: June 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecent research by Russian marine biologists under the title of “animal trophic ecology” has opened new areas for research covering ecological problems on the feeding of fishes (IVLEV1)). These problems are important fundamental subjects for research from the viewpoint of both fish culture and fisheries. Particularly in fish culture, the amount of food consumed is related to the amount of food fed, the growth and eventually the harvest. Although much research has been devoted to the amount of food fed, however, the available data are insufficient to advance research on the amount of food consumed.
KARIYA2, 3) published studies relating to the amount of food, in a single feeding or in a day, would satiate a school of fish, and the amount of growth expected from such feedings. He examined stomachless fishes such as the common carp and goldfish. In the present study the same problems are taken up mainly with stomached marine fishes. First, “satiation amount”, the amount of food sufficient to satiate a school of fish in a single feeding, is used as the basis for standardizing the amount of food consumed. Second, conditions affecting the satiation amount are examined. Finally, the relationships existing between the daily frequency of feeding and the satiation amount, and between growth and satiation amount, are examined.
The first problem encountered in experimentally determining the amount of food consumed by a school of fish is whether a constant value can be obtained or not. It is necessary to take up this problem and the pattern of the change of the amount of food consumed with time is examined. The result obtained is summarized as follows:
Since the amount of food consumed by a school of fish varies with time (Fig. 1), in attempting to obtain a constant value for the amount of food consumed it is necessary to feed the fish until the accumulative amount of food consumed reaches a constant value, or, in other words, the fish are satiated. If the fish are not fed to satiation, the value for the amount of food consumed will change with each feeding experiment and a constant value cannot be obtained. In this research, “satiation amount”, the quantity of food required to satiate a school of fish in a single continuous feeding, is used as the indicator of the amount of food consumed.View full abstractDownload PDF (159K) -
Acclimatization of a School of Fish and Satiation AmountNaonori ISHIWATA1968 Volume 34 Issue 6 Pages 498-502
Published: June 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt has been found1) that a relatively constant value for the amount of food consumed can be obtained if a school of fish is fed to satiation. In the present investigation, the pattern of the change of the satiation amount during acclimatization of a school of fish is examined. The results obtained are summarized as follows:
A school of fish freshly caught and transferred to the experimental tank does not normally take to food well in the initial stages even when a suitable food is given. At the beginning the satiation amount increases gradually each day until a constant value is reached within about 10 days (Fig. 1). The time taken, however, depends on the species of fish (Fig. 1 and Table 4). Under fixed conditions a relatively constant value for the satiation amount can be obtained with a well acclimatized school of fish. If acclimatization is insufficient, the satiation amount is not constant and even slight external stimuli cause temporary fluctuations in the value. Even with an acclimatized school of fish, the satiation amount is reduced by transferring them from one pond to another, but this variation can be corrected after a day.View full abstractDownload PDF (267K) -
Carotenoids in Ark-shellToshi SHIMIZU, Teruko NARAHARA1968 Volume 34 Issue 6 Pages 503-506
Published: June 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCarotenoids were studied on the muscle and viscera of twelve samples of ark-shell, Anadara broutnü, in the same way as the authors adopted for previous papers.
As shown in the Tables 2 and 3, eight different carotenoids were separated. Lutein, and β-carotene were identified, and zeaxanthin like, taraxanthin like, mytiloxanthin like pigments were observed.
Lutein was found in every sample except sample 6 and its content was higher than other carotenoids. Content of carotenoids in viscera was lower than that in muscle except sample 5, one viscera of sample lacked carotenoids entirely.
Samples 11 and 12 contained lutein in the muscle five to ten times as much as the other samples analysed. The muscle of those two samples were more reddish than that of other samples.View full abstractDownload PDF (220K) -
Formation of Urocanic, Formiminoglutamic, and Glutamic Acids from Histidine in the Livers of Carp and MackerelAkira KAWAI, Morihiko SAKAGUCHI1968 Volume 34 Issue 6 Pages 507-511
Published: June 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Urocanic acid pathway in the histidine metabolism of the liver of carp and mackerel was studied, using uniformly labeled 14C-histidine as a starting substance.
2. It is suggested that the major pathway of histidine metabolism of fish livers may be identical with that of mammalian livers.
3. In carp liver, histidine is rapidly metabolized to urocanic acid, further, to glutamic acid via formiminoglutamic acid. On the other hand, the degradation of histidine was almost stopped at the stage of urocanic acid in mackerel liver.View full abstractDownload PDF (294K) -
Hajime KADOTA, Yuzaburo ISHIDA1968 Volume 34 Issue 6 Pages 512-518
Published: June 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt was found that the evolution of DMS from G. cohnii, a heterotrophic alga of marine origin, resulted from an enzymatical cleavage of DMPT in the cells. This reaction was activated by various inorganic salts at high concentration in an order of increasing effectiveness for anions: Cl-⟩Br-⟩NO8-»I-⟩SO4=. The maximum rate of the reaction was obtained at pH 6.2. The enzyme catalyzing this reaction was most stable at pH 5.1. Activity of the enzyme was inhibited by pCMB, IAA and KCN. The inhibition by these compounds was released in part by the addition of Hcys.View full abstractDownload PDF (385K) -
Factors Affecting the DiscolorationKenshiro FUJIMOTO, Masayuki MARUYAMA, Takashi KANEDA1968 Volume 34 Issue 6 Pages 519-523
Published: June 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDuring the storage of fish products, the development of brown discoloration is often a serious problem, for the discoloration is usually associated with off flavor and deterioration of nutritional value.
It is generally believed that the discoloration is the reaction of the carbonyl compounds of autoxidized oil and the various amino compounds, but the detailed mechanism is yet not known. In order to ascertain what kind of amino and carbonyl compounds are the major substances in the brown discoloration, the following model experiments were carried out.
The amino compounds separated from boiled-dried anchovy, dried mackerel, and salted trout were divided into volatile and non-volatile fractions by steam distillation (Fig. 1), and these are shaken with both the autoxidizied methyl linoleate and the methyl ester or cuttlefish liver oil at 40°C for 4 hours. The colored ether-soluble fraction was dissolved in ethanol and the optical density at 430mμ was measured.
As a result, though the reaction of the non-volatile fraction was negligible, the volatile fraction discolorated remarkably. This suggested that in the development of brown discoloration the action of the volatile fraction such as ammonia and trimethylamine is superior to that of the non-volatile fraction including amino acids (Table 2). The volatile amino compounds from 5g of dried mackerel reacted maximumly with 0.5g of the autoxidized methyl ester of cuttle-fish liver oil (Fig. 3).
During the development of discoloration the amount of unsaturated carbonyl compounds decreased, while, the decrease of saturated carbonyl compounds was limited (Fig. 5). This result indicated that the role of unsaturated carbonyls in the discoloration reaction seems more important than that of saturated.View full abstractDownload PDF (309K) -
Akimasa NAKASHIMA1968 Volume 34 Issue 6 Pages 524-527
Published: June 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe turbidimetric method for determination of chondroitin sulfate (CSA) with rivanol has been proposed by NÉMETH-CSÓKA. When CSA in the extracts of the whale nasal cartilage with 5% Na2CO3 was determined by this original method, the values were lower than those obtained by carbazol method (Table 2). In this paper, the cause was elucidated and the author established a modified method.
Chondromucoprotein (CMP), in which CSA is combined with “protein core” and therefore could be regarded as “combined CSA”, was prepared from the whale nasal cartilage by water extraction and “free CSA” from CMP. It was found that rivanol turbidity produced with “combined CSA” was much lower than that produced with “free CSA” (Fig. 1). As it is known that CMP is easily degraded into CSA and “ protein core” by alkali treatment, the effect of NaOH treatment of CMP on rivanol turbidity was examined (Fig. 2).
As the results, in determining CSA in CMP by rivanol turbidity method, it is necessary to treat the sample with 1% NaOH for 3 hours at 25°C for degradation of CMP, as a pretreatment. Determination of CSA in mixtures of “free CSA” and “combined CSA”, which were prepared from CSA and CMP, by this modified rivanol method gave a satisfactory result (Table 3).View full abstractDownload PDF (254K) -
Yoshiro HASHIMOTO, Tomotoshi OKAICHI, Le Dung DANG, Tamao NOGUCHI1968 Volume 34 Issue 6 Pages 528-534
Published: June 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (641K) -
Protein Components of Soluble ElastoidinShigeru KIMURA, Minoru KUBOTA1968 Volume 34 Issue 6 Pages 535-540
Published: June 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. An acid soluble protein of elastoidin fiber is composed of two components a soluble collagen (20%) and a collagen-noncollagenous protein complex (80%).
2. The collagen complex is assumed to be a cross-linked protein with considerably high molecular weight, because of its high thermostability and the weight ratio of collagen and noncollagenous protein is about 1:2.View full abstractDownload PDF (535K) -
Kinjiro YAMADA1968 Volume 34 Issue 6 Pages 541-551
Published: June 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (969K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|