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Volume 34, Issue 8
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
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Spawning SeasonHisashi MASUZAWA, Hideki MATSUURA1968 Volume 34 Issue 8 Pages 655-659
Published: August 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor Isaki, Parapristipoma trilineatum, the spawning season and the gonad maturation have not been studied well.
In this paper an analysis is presented for gonad index (GI) and the egg-diameter (D) of 694 specimens taken from the waters in the vicinity of Miura peninsula, Kanagawa Prefecture mostly in summer months of 1964-'67 seasons.
Age is determined by the scale and it appears that the fish reaches maturity at age 3. The valuse of index (GI) of 3- and 4-year-olds are much larger than that of 2-year-olds (Table 2).
Basing on the monthly change of GI and D (Figs. 1 and 2) and also condition of the gonad of the fish, the spawning season of the fish is estimated to be from mid-June to mid-August, having its peak in a period from mid-June to early July.
D and GI show a linear relation with correlation coefficient γ=0.698.View full abstractDownload PDF (302K) -
Estimation of the Fishing Grounds of Salmon According to Swimming Speed and Swimming Depth Calculated from Echo Traces on Recording PapersNoritatsu SANO1968 Volume 34 Issue 8 Pages 660-669
Published: August 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper describes a method of estimating the fishing grounds of salmon according to characteristic types of echo image. We computed the swimming depths and speeds of reflecting bodies. The echo sounder used was the 28 KC ultrasound, a transducer having 28 degrees of effective beam angle. It was attached to the bottom of the ship.
The recording range of the echo sounder was 150m, the number of transmissions of ultrasound waves per minute was 450, and the pulse width was 1.5 millisecond. Time marks were recorded on paper.
These experiment were undertaken in gill-net fishing of salmon by the training ship “Hokusei Maru” of the Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido University, in the Okhotsk Sea in 1964 and 1966.
In this paper, the author compares the information about salmon obtained from the echo pattern with the actual catch of salmon.
The results obtained are summerized as follows;
1) The swimming speeds of reflecting bodies were computed according to the echo patterns on the basis of some assumptions.
2) The distribution of salmon estimated from the swimming depths and speeds of the reflecting bodies corresponded comparatively well with the salmon catch in the Okhotsk Sea.
3) Further improvement in the use of the echo sounder will enable us to detect the salmon distribution more accurately.View full abstractDownload PDF (713K) -
On the Trial of Horizontal Fish Finder for SalmonNoritatsu SANO1968 Volume 34 Issue 8 Pages 670-680
Published: August 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAt present fishing boats do not used their echo sounders for estimating numbers of fish in a certain area because their echo sounder are not designed for such a use.
One of the most difficult problems for the fisherman is to decide what kind of fish he is seeking. Our present idea is that it is good to use the horizontal fish finder with wide ultrasonic beams and lower frequencies (28 KC and 50 KC); thus, we tried horizontal fish finders for the purpose of looking for salmon over a wider area.
A fish finder using a transducer mounted on the sheer strake of a ship was kept at a depth of 1 meter most of time, and was always put into the sea even in moderately rough seas. These are records made by the Hokusei Maru in July, 1966 and 1967. The horizontal echo pattern mentioined is shown in Figs. 3-1 to 3-10.
In this paper, the author compares an echo pattern obtained by horizontal with that of a vertical fish finder, and the degree to which it was possible to distinguish salmon from marine scatters with each device.
The results obtained are summarized as follows;
1) In the echo patterns recorded by a horizontal fish finder, we had comparatively little noise near the surface and were able to distinguish each single echo from others. When using it with a vertical fish finder, we would be able to estimate fishing grounds more effectively.
2) When the horizontal echo and oblique echo are recorded on separate papers, it is more convenient for us to distinguish the echo pattern and obtain the necessary information.View full abstractDownload PDF (1421K) -
Some Scale Characters and Their Variations by Body RegionsShiro CHIKUNI1968 Volume 34 Issue 8 Pages 681-686
Published: August 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe scale characters of Pacific Ocean Perch, Sebastodes alutus, and its variations by body regions were investigated for two specimens caught in the Bering Sea in 1965 (Table 1 and Fig. 1).
The scale is of a ctenoid type by many characters recognized on the surface of scale (Fig. 2). There are many ridges concentrically around the central plate on the covered portion. The widely spaced ridge zone and the close one appear alternately, and they are considered to be the growth zone and the resting zone respectively (Figs. 2 and 3).
The radius of the resting zone, measured from the converged point of grooves to the each outer edge, shows a smooth curve (Fig. 4), but the cumulative number of ridges indicates a inflective line (Fig. 7). The resting zones are supposed to be formed periodically from the Walford's graphic method for their radii (Fig. 6).
These characters aforementioned were observed similarly on every scale of the same fish irrespectively of samlping region, and of the shape and the size of scale (Fig. 4, 5, 6 and 7). Therefore, there is a good possibility for determining the age of S. alutus by the scale character, and so far as age determination is concerned, there is no need of strictly defining of scale sampling region.View full abstractDownload PDF (606K) -
Mikio OGURI, Yuri OMURA, Takashi HIBIYA1968 Volume 34 Issue 8 Pages 687-690
Published: August 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe distribution of injected radioactive 5-hydroxytryptophan in pineal and other organs was investigated using rainbow trout. Uptake of this substance into pineal organ was conspicuous, compared with other ones. This suggests that photoreceptive pineal organ of rainbow trout produces melatonin.View full abstractDownload PDF (205K) -
Satiation CurveNaonori ISHIWATA1968 Volume 34 Issue 8 Pages 691-694
Published: August 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFrom the various conclusions arrived at in the previous reports1), 2), 3), if the satiation amount of a s0chool of fish is defined to be the amount of food fed until the fish can take no more, to obtain a constant value for the satiation amount the following two points at least can be considered as being important basic factors or prerequisites. 1) Acclimatization A school of fish does not take to food well immediately after liberation in the experimental tank. However, as time passes the satiation amount increases gradually each day until it reaches a constant value. As a result, a relatively constant value for the satiation amount can be obtained with a well acclimatized school of fish. 2) Hunger The satiation amount of a school of fish depends on the degree of hunger. As the time of food deprivation increases, the satiation amount first increases and then levels off to a constant value. As the stomach contents approach zero, the satiation amount reaches its maximum. Consequently, if the satiation amount is obtained when the stomach is completely empty, a value with very little fluctuation can be expected.
In the present investigation, by standardizing the satiation amount in the above method the change of the amount of food consumed with time is examined and the satiation curve obtained. From the result, the accumulative amount of food consumed increases rapidly at the beginning; the rate of increase declines with time and subsequently reaches a constant or the satiation amount (Fig. 1). The satiation curve can be expressed by the formula:
F=ktn
where F=accumulative amount of food consumed (grams), t=time (minutes), and k and n=constants. These constants obtained are shown in Table 3.View full abstractDownload PDF (223K) -
Survival Rate of Female CrabMasatosi SINODA, Tosio KOBAYASI1968 Volume 34 Issue 8 Pages 695-698
Published: August 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (223K) -
Yuzaburo ISHIDA, Hajime KADOTA1968 Volume 34 Issue 8 Pages 699-705
Published: August 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe thetin-Hcys transmethylase was first found to be present in the cells of G. cohnii. It was strongly suggested by this study that in G. cohnii DMPT acted at least partly as a methyl donor in the transmethylation reaction, in the presence of Hcys. The products in this reaction were Met and MTP.
This reaction was stimulated by addition of betaine, but not influenced by NaCl. The optimum pH for the thetin-Hcys transmethylase was in the neighbourhood of 7.0.View full abstractDownload PDF (667K) -
Comparison of Dissolutions of Bacteria in Hypotonic MediumTomio HIDAKA, Daiichi KAKIMOTO1968 Volume 34 Issue 8 Pages 706-711
Published: August 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe dissolutions of cells of marine and terrestrial bacteria in distilled water were manifested by the turbidity decrease, the release of cell materials, the restoration of turbidity, and the decline of viability. The three test bacteria showed a rapid decrease of turbidity immediately after suspending. The rapid decrease in turbidity did not mean the degree of bacteriolysis. The restoration rates of turbidity by adjusting the mineral concentration in the suspending medium to ASW level were correlated with the viability of cells in the suspensions indicating the degree of damage of cells. The dissolution of 1055-1 in distilled water may be due to a damage of an individual cell inflicted by the deficiency of the divalent cations in the medium, while in case of V. parahaemolyticus it may rather be due to the plasmoptysis of cells in the hypotonicity. The dissolution of cells in distilled water could not be observed in P. fluorescens.View full abstractDownload PDF (366K) -
Junsaku NONAKA, Haruo KAWAKAMI, Chiaki KOIZUMI1968 Volume 34 Issue 8 Pages 712-715
Published: August 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSKatsuwobushi, made from skipjack by boiling, smoking, and moulding processes, is used commonly as soup stock in Japan for its appetitive flavors.
In this study, the aromatic components of the katsuwobushi were swept off by nitrogen stream at 50°C and collected in traps cooled in dry ice-methanol. Carbonyl compounds were converted into 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazone derivatives and subjected to direct gas chromatographic analysis according to SOUKUP et al.5) using SF-96 silicone oil as a liquid phase at 240°C.
As a result, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde (and/or acetone), iso-butyraldehyde, iso-valeraldehyde, capronaldehyde, methylamylketone, and methylhexylketone were identified.View full abstractDownload PDF (212K) -
Hiromi SAKAGUCHI1968 Volume 34 Issue 8 Pages 716-721
Published: August 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe optimal conditions for proteolytic and esterolytic activities in the digestive tract of octopus, Octopus vulgaris CUVIER, were reported together with the change of proteolytic activity after spawning.
Glycerin extracts of liver (including pancreas) and posterior salivary gland showed strong proteolytic activities in acidic and alkaline regions, respectively (Figs. 1 and 2). These activities, however, decreased considerably after spawning and only one tenth of activities in the liver and one thirtieth in the posterior salivary gland were reserved, as shown in Table 3. On the contrary, weak proteolytic activities found in stomach and intestine did not show any changes after spawning. Decrease of food intake after spawning seems to connect with the changes of the enzymatic activities in the liver and posterior salivary gland.
The weak esterolytic activity to β-phenolates was also observed in the digestive tracts.View full abstractDownload PDF (369K) -
Incorporation of 32P into Various Nucleotides of Porphyra teneraShigenobu OOYAMA, Kunio KOBAYASHI, Tetuo TOMIYAMA1968 Volume 34 Issue 8 Pages 722-725
Published: August 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe presence of various kinds of nucleotides in a marine red alga, Porphyra tenera, have been reported in the previous paper1). The present study deals with the incorporation of absorbed 32PO4 ion into the various nucleotides following the laver being exposed to 32P-artificial sea water for 24hrs. As much as 37% and 16% of 32P which was incorporated into the nucleotide fraction were found, respectively, in the ATP and ADP fractions.View full abstractDownload PDF (185K) -
Identification of 2, 6, 10, 14-Tetramethylpentadecane and 2, 6, 10, 14-Tetramethy1-2-pentadecene in Sperm Blubber OilYoshihiko SANO1968 Volume 34 Issue 8 Pages 726-733
Published: August 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA multibranched-chain hydrocarbon, having an ECL value of 16.7 on the PEGA column, was isolated in a purity of 99% by column chromatography on silicic acid and on silicic acid impregnated with 10% silver nitrate from the blubber oil of sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus. This hydrocarbon was determined as 2, 6, 10, 14-tetramethylpentadecane (pristane) by means of gas-liquid chromatography (GLC), infrared analysis, high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry.
In addition, a component, having an ECL value of 17.4, in the unsaturated branched-chain hydrocarbon fraction was tentatively identified by GLC as 2, 6, 10, 14-tetramethyl-2-pentadecene, and a presumable existence of phytadiene was observed.View full abstractDownload PDF (412K) -
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Alcohols in Sperm Blubber OilYoshihiko SANO1968 Volume 34 Issue 8 Pages 734-739
Published: August 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSVery small amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acid and alcohol fractions were separated from the blubber oil of a sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus, by a combination of urea-complex fractionation and silicic acid column chromatographic techniques. Gas-liquid chromatographic analyses of these fractions showed the presence of polyunsaturated fatty acids (18:4, 20:4, 20:5, 21:5, 22:5 and 22:6) and alcohols (18:4, 20:4, 20:5 and 22:6), some of which had not been reported. In addition, the existence of other minor unknown constituents was observed.View full abstractDownload PDF (348K) -
Harumi TOZAWA1968 Volume 34 Issue 8 Pages 740-755
Published: August 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1194K)
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