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Volume 35, Issue 1
Displaying 1-17 of 17 articles from this issue
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Occurrence Pattern of the MedusaToru YASUDA1969 Volume 35 Issue 1 Pages 1-6
Published: January 25, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe jelly fish, Aurelia aurita LAMARCK, distributed in the temperate seas throughout the world, is one of the commonest Scyphomedusae found around Japan.
Much work has been done on taxonomic studies and laboratory cultivation of this species, but few ecological studies have been carried out in the field.
This paper is concerned with the year-round occurrence pattern of the adult stage (medusa) in Urazoko Bay, a small creek of Wakasa Bay on the southern coast of the Japan Sea.
Sampling of the material was done usually twice a month by vertical hauls with a plankton-net (60cm in mouth aperture, 2mm in mesh), together with hydrographic observations throughout the period from November 1966 to October 1967. The results are summarized as follows:
1) Appearance season of the medusae is supposed to extend throughout the year, the appearance with the population density of more than 3.1 individuals per m3 being found in March and from June to October.
2) The population density is found to be almost always the highest in the western part of the mouth of the bay where a semi-permanent cyclonic eddy has been formed.
3) In the innermost part of the bay, the peak of occurrence is found in August, with the density more than 71.0 individuals per m3.
4) Occurrence of the medusae is limited to the water ranging from 7° to 29°C in temperature and from 15.9 to 19.0‰ in chlorinity at the surface, and the occurrence of more than 3.1 individuals per m3 has been observed in the water of 20° to 29°C temperature and 17.4 to 18.6‰, chlorinity at the same level.View full abstractDownload PDF (382K) -
Muneharu KUSAKARI1969 Volume 35 Issue 1 Pages 7-17
Published: January 25, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHistological observation was made to clarify the structure of the opaque and translucent zones of the centrum at a microscopic level, using a flatfish Kareius bicoloratus.
1) Each of the opaque and translucent zones consists of many lamellae which appear to be alternately opaque and translucent, respectively.
2) The opaque lamellae were stained deeply with hematoxylin, whereas the translucent ones stained with eosin.
3) The opaque zone is composed of much more lamellae than in the translucent zone.
4) With increase of the fish age, the lamellae are found in both zones to be formed more compactly.View full abstractDownload PDF (851K) -
Population Size in the Yellow Sea Estimated by Tagging made in 1965Keisuke OKADA1969 Volume 35 Issue 1 Pages 18-24
Published: January 25, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEstimation of the stock of sea bream, Chrysophrys major TEMMINCK et SCHIEGEL in the Yellow Sea was made with a modification of PETERSEN's methcd, using data of tagging (791 were recovered out of 4, 850 individuals) made in October 1965, and the catch and effort statistics from September 1965 to August 1966.
The estimated population size of the sea bream in late October was 17.97 million individuals, with 95% confidence limits of 14.55 and 18.87 millions.
The calculated exploitation rate for a year from October 1965 to August 1966 is 0.21. Since the greater part of the catch occurred from October to March, this figure relates chiefly to this season.
Vulnerability of tagged fish coincided well that of other sea bream (small and baby) caught during the period of recovery or during the highest fishing season (Table 4, Fig. 2). The results thus indicates the accuracy of the above estimation.
The validity of this estimation was ascertained by comparing the results obtained with tagging investigation of 1964 and 1965 (Table 5). Rates of decrease for the year were almost identical both in estimated number of individuals of sea bream and in the size of population index. The results also seem to suggest the adequacy of the present estimation.View full abstractDownload PDF (461K) -
Kazuomi OUCHI1969 Volume 35 Issue 1 Pages 25-33
Published: January 25, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Using two-year-old goldfish, the relationship between the scale growth and water temperature was studied with the aid of tetracycline labelling. The scale growth was measured on the fish which were cultured in the medium regulated to be the following four kinds of water temperatures, 12.5°, 17.5°, 22.5° and 27.5°C.
2. It was found that the scale growth was depending upon the water temperature at which the fish were cultured; that is, the mean growth in width per day was 1.3μ in the fish cultured at 12.5°, 4.9μ at 17.5°, 6.1μ at 22.5° and 6.6μ at 27.5°C.
3. The number of days required to form one ridge of the scale was more than 20 days at 12.5°, 7 days at 17.5°, 6 days at 22.5° and 5 days at 27.5°C.
4. Mean distance between the ridges formed on the individual scale was as follows; that is, 32.6μ in the group of 12.5°, 34.2μ in 17.5°, 33.1μ in 22.5° and 30.7μ in 27.5°C. Finally, in young goldfish the ridges are formed at regular intervals and not depending on the water temperature, in which medium the fish are cultured, so far as the scale grows on.View full abstractDownload PDF (472K) -
Possibility of Age Determination in Crabs on the Basis of Number of Lamellae in CuticlesIsao YANO, Shinjiro KOBAYASHI1969 Volume 35 Issue 1 Pages 34-42
Published: January 25, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRelationship between the number of lamellae in endocuticle and the carapace length in the shore crab, Gaetice depressus, was studied in relation to age determination of crustacean animals.
1. In spite of their molting, the number of lamellae in the newly formed and completed endocuticle was found to increase with the increment of the carapace length, irrespective of sexes.
2. Regarding the number of lamellae, 4 groups were distinguishable from one another among the specimens examined, representing a stepwise increase of 7-8 lamellae corresponding to the growth of their carapace.
3. For all their molting, the total thickness of endocuticle increases with the growth of the carapace not showing any distinct sex difference. With this total thickness of the endocuticle, 4 groups were also distinguishable from one another, though its stepwise increase was not so distinct as in the case of the number of lamellae.View full abstractDownload PDF (783K) -
Observations during the Winter Months of 1966 in Northern KyushuOsame TABETA, Hiroshi TSUKAHARA1969 Volume 35 Issue 1 Pages 43-49
Published: January 25, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) During the cold season from December of 1965 to may of 1966, the authors observed the phenomenon of fish stranding on the beach of Shingu, northern Kyushu. In this paper the collections of over 10, 000 specimens of 135 fishes were treated under some considerations.
2) The maximum numbers of both species and specimens were reached in January, and their number decreased with the change of the season. The dominant species were Cololabis saira and Engraulis japonica in December, Sebastes sp. and Bregmaceros spp. in January, Maurolicus japonicus in February, and Ammodytes personatus in March and April.
3) Excepting for the abruptly appeared species, there was no evident year to year variation of stranding fishes in the two years. The phenomena may be one of the important causalities of the natural mortality for the infant in our waters.
The authors with to acknowledge the kind assistance of Messrs. S. Kimura, Y. Nonogami and T. Shima of Fisheries Laboratory, Kyushu University. The observations wouldn't be performed satisfactorily without their help, valuable information and encouragement.View full abstractDownload PDF (562K) -
Monthly and Annual Variation of Distribution of Sea Surface TemperatureJun NAKAGOME1969 Volume 35 Issue 1 Pages 50-54
Published: January 25, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe author studied monthly and annual variations of distribution of sea surface temperature and made some consideration on the distribution of water masses, and obtained following results:
1. Isothermal lines of 18°C, 22°C and 25°C moved north from July to August and moved south from August to December (Fig. 2).
2. The above mentioned result shows that sea surface temperature of most points declined from July to August and rose from August to December, and that the change coincided with monthly variation of sea surface temperature by sub-area.
3. Annual variation of the extent of the area of the medium temperature range (18°C to 24°C) was reverse with that of the warmer area (higher than 24°C) and the colder area (lower than 18°C). That is, in 1955 to 1958, 1961, 1963 and 1964 the extent of the area of the medium temperature range was narrower than the mean, and that of both warmer and colder areas were wider than the mean, and in 1959, 1960, 1962 and 1965 the situation was reversed (Fig. 4).
4. If the above mentioned areas represent the water masses, it is supposed that warmer and colder water masses were retreated when the medium temperature water mass pushed the other two and vice versa.View full abstractDownload PDF (305K) -
Production of Toxic Substance to EelTomoko SHIMIZU1969 Volume 35 Issue 1 Pages 55-66
Published: January 25, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPathogenicity of motile strain of Aeromonas was examined by inoculation of eels, guinea pigs and mice with viable cells and sonic extract from cultures isolated from a desease of eel. Pathological changes of the inoculated animals showed that the organisms produced some toxic substance in the cells which caused the typical symptoms of the Aeromonas desease of eel.View full abstractDownload PDF (1172K) -
Tomohiro KIMURA1969 Volume 35 Issue 1 Pages 67-76
Published: January 25, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOyster, Crassostera gigas, from the coast of Hiroshima occasionally becomes green after being canned, and the phenomenon makes a trouble for the quality control of the products.
The color usually develops around the digestive diverticula of the body, and the situation completely differs from those caused by such pollutants as heavy metals which makes the oyster also green.
As the appearance of green oyster changes seasonally, a relationship was expected between the standing crops of dietary phytoplankton and the greening of the oyster. Solvent extracts of the oyster, its dietary phytoplankton and the feces were examined colorimetrically to compare their absorption spectra.
The pigments extracted from the oyster were found consisting of chlorophyll and carotenoids. It was confirmed that the green pigments in the oyster are of plankton origin, and their total amount depends upon the amount of chlorophyll a contained in the suspension in environmental water. The green pigments deposited in the oyster body decreased when the oyster were kept in filtered water for a few days.
The developed gonad covers the digestive diverticula portion to make the green color pigmentation rather invisible, which seems another reason why the green color differs between individuals as well as between the season.View full abstractDownload PDF (616K) -
Usio SIMIDU, Emiko KANEKO, Kazuyoshi AISO1969 Volume 35 Issue 1 Pages 77-82
Published: January 25, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe composition of the bacterial flora of flatfish, both fresh and stored at 2°C, differed clearly according to the parts of the fish. The floras from the skin of the fish were composed mainly of Pseudomonas and Achromobacter, while the main constituents of the floras from the gills, guts and muscle samples were Vibrio and Aeromonas.
An appreciable number of the Vibrio and Aeromonas islated from the stored flat fish showed poor growth at 20°C, and some strains failed to grow at 20°C even after serial subcultures at 10°C.View full abstractDownload PDF (343K) -
Yoshiro HASHIMOTO, Shoji KONOSU, Akio INOUE, Toshio SAISHO, Sadayoshi ...1969 Volume 35 Issue 1 Pages 83-87
Published: January 25, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA screening test for toxic crabs was carried out on a total of about 1, 000 specimens covering 72 species and 8 families. The presence of toxin in the three species, Zosimus aeneus, Platypodia granulosa and Atergatis floridus was confirmed. The last species collected in various places around Japan was also found to be toxic. No other species was toxic.View full abstractDownload PDF (275K) -
Shoji KONOSU, Akio INOUE, Tamao NOGUCHI, Yoshiro HASHIMOTO1969 Volume 35 Issue 1 Pages 88-92
Published: January 25, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe toxicity of three species of xanthid crab, Zosimus aeneus, Platypodia granulosa and Atergatis floridus, was determined by a mouse bioassay method. The toxin was detected in the specimens caught at various places around Japan, and a remarkable variation of toxicity was observed in each species. The appendages were usually more poisonous than the cephalothorax. In a strongly toxic specimens of Z. aeneus the exoskeleton of cephalothorax and the viscera contained a considerable amount of toxin, together with the exoskeleton and the muscles of appendages. No obvious difference of lethality was observed between male and female, while a fairly distinct local variation of toxicity was seen. Z. aeneus was more toxic than the others.View full abstractDownload PDF (294K) -
Masayo OKUZUMI, Susumu HORIE1969 Volume 35 Issue 1 Pages 93-100
Published: January 25, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study was undertaken to reveal the microflora in the intestines of various marine fish.
For the enumeration and isolation of bacteria smear plate method was employed using “modified ZOBELL 2216 agar medium”, 5g Bacto-Peptone (Difco), 0.1g ferric phosphate, 30g agar, 750ml sea water and 250ml distilled water. After incubation for 4 days at 20°C, colonies developed on the plates were counted and the representative organisms were picked up.
It was shown that the numbers of bacteria in the intestinal contents of the fish samples varried from 104 to 108 per gram. Sixty strains were isolated in the present study, and all of them were identified as Vibrio spp.. Further, the vibrios were divided into ten groups on the basis of biochemical characteristics. The organisms belonging to Groups I, II and III accounted for 77 per cent of the total isolates. Almost all vibrios grew well at 25°C to 37°C, but failed at 5°C or 42°C. All the isolates failed to grow in the ordinary broth without salt, and grew well in the medium containing 3 per cent sodium chloride as well as sea water.View full abstractDownload PDF (462K) -
Hideaki YAMANAKA, Keishi AMANO1969 Volume 35 Issue 1 Pages 101-108
Published: January 25, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn spite of many efforts in the handling aboard, discoloration of frozen tuna meat has been unavoidable, causing its unprofitable market price. So, a known action of gamma-ray irradiation to convert metmyoglobin into oxymyoglobin was examined as to the color improvement of frozen tuna. The results obtained are summarized as follows.
1) The conversion from metmyoglobin to oxymyoglobin occurred in proportion to the level of given dosage. A dose of 0.2 Mrad was found adequate to develop a satisfactory color regeneration without leaving off-flavor of the product (Table 1).
2) However, the regenerated meat color was only transitory because of the reversible formation of metmyoglobin even under freezing condition at -20°C. And it was found that storage condition which enables a sufficient supply of oxygen into the irradiated tuna meat is effective to retain the red coloration. Packaging of the irradiated meat with a permeable film such as polyethylene after slicing into thinner fillet may be one of the feasible ways (Figs. 6, 7).
3) The changes in the components of water-soluble protein of tuna meat by irradiation was not detected at the level lower than 1.0 Mrad by starch-gel electrophoresis (Fig. 8).View full abstractDownload PDF (761K) -
Microbiological Examination of a Kusaya BrineUsio SIMIDU, Kazuyoshi AISO, Wataru SIMIDU, Atsushi MOCHIZUKI1969 Volume 35 Issue 1 Pages 109-115
Published: January 25, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMicrobiological examination of a curing brine of Kusaya showed that a species of halophilic corynebacteria which was given the name Corynebacterium kusaya predominated in the brine. A description of the species was given. An experiment with an artificial Kusaya brine suggested that the preserving effect of the Kusaya brine could be ascribed to the presence of this organism.View full abstractDownload PDF (508K) -
Keiji ITO1969 Volume 35 Issue 1 Pages 116-129
Published: January 25, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (932K) -
1969 Volume 35 Issue 1 Pages 131
Published: 1969
Released on J-STAGE: April 22, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (98K)
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