巻号一覧
35 巻, 10 号
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五ケ所湾に出現したHeterosigma inlandicaについて岩崎 英雄, 佐々田 憲1969 年 35 巻 10 号 p. 943-947
発行日: 1969/10/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーTo find the reason for outbreak of red tide, physiological characteristics of causative planktons have been studied. Present paper deals with Heterosigma inlandica n. sp. which caused red tide in Gokasho bay, Shima peninsula, 1966.
Heterosigma inlandica was obtained in axenic culture by micropipette washings. The organism is wide range euryhaline. The optimal pH range was 8.5 to 9.0, the growth decreased with changing of pH. In the axenic culture, H. inlandica needs vitamin B12 for growth. The addition of other vitamins does not increase growth further. The pattern of specificity is similar to that of Ochromonas malhamensis. All the analogues containing henzimidazole can replace B12•H. inlandica prefers NO3 as nitrogen source. Urea and NH4 in low concentration, glutamine are good N sources. Uric acid, asparagine and arginine are also utilized but growth is less abundant. Inorganic and organic phosphates are utilized. Three purines (xanthine, hypoxanthine and guanine), and three pyrimidines (uracil, cytosine and thymine) increase growth in the presence of vitamin B12. From these results, the primary cause of the great increase of H. inlandica was discussed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (290K) -
ベニズワイガニ用富山籠の漁獲能率篠田 正俊, 小林 敏男1969 年 35 巻 10 号 p. 948-956
発行日: 1969/10/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
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井上 元男, 岩崎 行伸1969 年 35 巻 10 号 p. 957-963
発行日: 1969/10/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe authors analysed the data concerning the oceanographic and fishing conditions of the Indian Ocean, which were obtained from the tuna fishing vessels operating there during 1957 to 1962 and made a series of charts which show the highest water temperature zones (29.0-31.0°C) so-called thermal equator and the areas where the catches of tuna were more than 3.1 tons per boat-day. From these charts, the authors obtained the following results:
1) The pattern of the thermal equator seems to durate for 30-50 days, and in waters south of the equator it has a tendency to last about 10 days longer than that of north of the equator.
2) The thermal equator moves northward and reaches its northern extremity from mid April to mid June in the area north of equator though there is a small difference among the years. The season of the northern extremity in the Bay of Bengal is about 10 days earlier than that in the Arabian Sea.
3) In the area south of the equator, a part of the thermal equator begins to move southward in early June to mid September. Then it further moves southward and reaches its southern extremity in early February to early March. Here, the location and the direction of the thermal equator at the east and west ends vary considerably year by year.
4) The main fishing grounds for yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares, and bigeye tuna, T. obesus, which are caught together with the yellowfin tuna seem to move seasonally in correspondence with the seasonal movement of the thermal equator. The fishing ground is usually formed along the thermal equator. Especially, in the southern Indian Ocean, there is a tendency that fishing grounds are found in the lower-temperature water masses which are located just south of the thermal equator.
5) Therefore, the merit using the surface isotherms including the location of the thermal equator will increase as a factor to forecast where the main fishing ground for yellewfin tuna will be formed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (508K) -
作業時間の概況前田 弘, 南 四郎1969 年 35 巻 10 号 p. 964-969
発行日: 1969/10/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe records on the working time of respective hauls conducted by 22 of the Danish seiners belonging to an Alaska pollack fleet in the Bering Sea during the entire season of 1964, were analyzed in this series of works, in an attempt to find more detailed characteristics of the work pattern as well as to seek the clues to cause the trends found in the previous series of works1-3, 5-8). In this report, the outline of the work pattern was shown as the preliminary step. This is summarized as follows:
1. The boats worked chiefly in the daytime along the fly dragging. It was rare that the first hauling had finished before the sunrise and the last one began after the sunset, even during the season of short daytime or on the days of poor catch.
2. The laying time (20.2 min. on the average) and the sinking-pulling time (23.5 min. on the average), especially the former, were very small in the variation.
3. The hauling-brailing time showed a large variation, and its mode biased towards the class of short time (59.4 min. on the average). And the variation of the time to complete a haul was due to that of the time expended on this step of work.
4. The interval between succeeding hauls (17.8 min. on the average) varied greatly, showing the biase of the mode towards the class of short interval. During this interval, the boats engaged in the work of really rich in variety.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (335K) -
漁獲量と作業時間の関係前田 弘, 南 四郎1969 年 35 巻 10 号 p. 970-974
発行日: 1969/10/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe influence of the catch on the times expended on respective steps of fishing works conducted by the Danish seiners during the Alaska pollack fishery in 1964, were examined as the first step of this series. And the results obtained are summarized as follows:
1. The time to complete a haul (tc, in min.) increased with catch (x in tons), keeping the following relation: tc=91.06+3.17 x.
2. The increase in the time to complete a haul with catch was chiefly due to the same relation found in the hauling-brailing time (th in min.). This was as follows: tk=47.73+3.16 x.
3. The laying time and sinking-pulling time had no clear relations to catch.
4. The influence of the catch on the interval between succeeding hauls could be seen in the tailing of the distribution in the direction of the classes of long intervals-conspicuous in the hauls with poor catch and less conspicuous in the hauls with good catch.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (280K) -
乾 靖夫1969 年 35 巻 10 号 p. 975-978
発行日: 1969/10/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
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投餌回数と飽食量との関係石渡 直典1969 年 35 巻 10 号 p. 979-984
発行日: 1969/10/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn the previous reports1 ?? 6) the amount of food sufficient to satiate a school of fish in a single feeding was given and conditions affecting the satiation amount were discussed. In the present investigation, the relationships between the frequency of feeding and the daily ration, and between the frequency of feeding and the satiation amount at each feeding, are examined. The results obtained are summarized as follows:
As the frequency of feedings increases, the daily ration increases but the maximum value is soon reached (Figs. 1 and 2). The relationship between the frequency of feeding and the mean ration per day per fish can be expressed by the formula,
F=F'T(1-α)T-1
where F=mean ration per day per fish (grams), F'=mean ration per day per fish for one feeding (grams), T=frequency of feeding per day, α=rate of decrease. These constants obtained are shown in Table 5.
The satiation amount at each feeding is greatest with one feeding per day, and decreases with increase in frequency of feeding. With fishes that do not feed at night the satiation amount in the morning compared with those in the daytime and the evening is not necessarily the largest, in spite of the fact that no food is taken for the previous 12 hours (Fig. 1).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (292K) -
投餌回数と成長との関係石渡 直典1969 年 35 巻 10 号 p. 985-990
発行日: 1969/10/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIt has been found1) that the daily ration changes with frequency of feeding. From this it is natural to presume that the growth of fish changes with the frequency of feeding. In the present investigation, the relationship between the frequency of feeding and the growth is examined and the optimum frequency of feeding which produces maximum growth is discussed.
In the feeding of a school of fish, the daily rate of growth (mean increase in weight per day/body weight) can be expected to approach its maximum value when the daily rate of feeding (mean ration per day/body weight) reaches its maximum limit. However, if the daily rate of feeding is gradually increased, the gross efficiency of food conversion (daily rate of growth/daily rate of feeding) does not increase proportionately but increases so as to approach a maximum value. If the frequency of feeding is increased, the daily rate of feeding increases as an exponential function, and the daily rate of growth is roughly proportionate to it, resulting in the above stated condition (Table 1 and Fig. 1). This fact indicates that an excessive increase in the frequency of feeding in fish culture is meaningless. From the viewpoint of both labor and time continuous feeding will he impractical. Even though this is possible, the question of water pollution caused by excess food will arise. Consequently the question returns once again to the optimum frequency of feeding to obtain the largest growth rate. Taking the maximum value of the daily rate of growth as a standard and calculating the optimum frequency of feeding coinciding with 90% of the former, we have for filefish (fed short-necked clam meat) 2-3 times, puffer (fed jack mackerel meat) 2-3 times, yellowtail (fed jack mackerel meat) 1-2 times at about 22°C. Rainbow trout (fed compound feed) 2-3 times at about 12°C (Table 4).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (343K) -
大村 百合, 小栗 幹郎1969 年 35 巻 10 号 p. 991-1000
発行日: 1969/10/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーHistological observations were made on the pineal organ of 15 species of teleosts and the following results were obtained.
1. The presence of pineal window was ascertained in 8 species of fishes.
2. Histologically, piscine pineal organs were classified into 6 types, i.e. flat, fold, convoluted, small space, compact and intermediate types.
3. The presence of cytoplasmic processes into the pineal lumen was confirmed in the pineal epithelium of flat, fold, convoluted and intermediate types.
4. Ganglion cells were detected in the pineal organ of 9 species of fishes, even though they were not typical ones.
With reference to the photosensory function, discussion was made on the histological structures of the pineal organ of fishes.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (974K) -
天然海水および人工海水培地に沈積する炭酸カルシウム信濃 晴雄, 坂井 稔1969 年 35 巻 10 号 p. 1001-1005
発行日: 1969/10/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe precipitation of carbonate in the ocean is the important problem concerning the cycle of carbon in nature. In the authors' laboratory, studies have been made to clarify the specific properties of marine microorganisms from various viewpoints of microbiology.
The crystal-forming bacteria show higher rates of detection in various marine microorganisms isolated from different sea areas. The authors studied the types of crystals deposited in the peptone medium prepared with natural sea water or artificial sea water, and obtained the following results by an analysis of X-ray diffraction.
1) Crystals deposited in medium prepared with natural sea water or Lyman and Fleming's artificial sea water were calcium carbonate monohydrate.
2) The crystals deposited in the medium prepared with Herbst's artificial sea water were identified as magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (428K) -
久保田 穣, 内田 直行, 木村 茂1969 年 35 巻 10 号 p. 1006-1011
発行日: 1969/10/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
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永山 文男, 入江 栄一1969 年 35 巻 10 号 p. 1012-1016
発行日: 1969/10/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe α-glucosidase was extracted from the skipjack liver and purified partially by the gel filtration on a Sephadex G-100 column.
The molecular weight of the enzyme estimated by the gel filtration was about 100, 000.
The ARRHENIUS plots showed a downward bend at 38°. The activation energy calculated for the skipjack α-glucosidase was 6, 700 cal./mole below the transition temperature and 3, 800 above that temperature.
The optimum pH of the enzyme reaction was found at about pH 4.8, and the enzyme seemed to be an acid α-glucosidase. The Michaelis constant of p-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucoside for the skipjack a-glucosidase was about 10-3M at pH 4.0, 4.3, 4.6 and 4.8, and about 6×10-5 M at pH 5.2 and 5.5.
NaCI and KCI were the activators of the enzyme. Turanose, glucose, gluconolactone, and erythritol inhibited the enzyme competitively, but the Ki values of these compounds were greater than the Km value of p-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucoside for the enzyme. The enzyme was inhibited noncompetitively by the heavy metal ions, and the Ki values of Ag+ and Hg2+ were much smaller than the Km value of the substrate.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (242K) -
異なる組成の飼料を与えた当才魚の酵素活性とアイソザイムパターン永山 文男, 斎藤 佑尚1969 年 35 巻 10 号 p. 1017-1020
発行日: 1969/10/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe activities of β-galactosidase and lactase, and the pattern of β-galactosidase isozymes were investigated to see the effect of dietary lactose and starch on the enzyme of the rainbow trout.
The lactase activity of the fish tissue was increased by the high carbohydrate feeds, especially by the high lactose feed which was reported to cause the elevation of the lactase activity in the calf intestine2). On the other hand, the β-galactosidase activity in the liver and kidney was rather decreased by the high carbohydrate feeds, although the β-galactosidase of E. coli was known to be induced by lactose in the medium3).
These results may be a possible evidence for the concept that the animal β-galactosidase (o-NPGa-ase) is not identical with lactase4-8).
Three isozymes of -galactosidase (I, III, and IV) were isolated by a Sephadex G-200 column from all tissues of the rainbow trout yearling, but the isozyme II being found in the 2-year fish1) was not detected. The pattern of the isozyme seemed to be tissue specific, and not influenced by the dietary composition. The molecular weights of the isozymes were the multiples of 57, 000: ×6 (I), ×3 (II), ×2 (III), and ×1 (IV).
The lactase activity was not recovered from a Sephadex G-200 column.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (264K) -
小林 達治, 川村 厚生, 大家 正太郎, 三上 郷司, 中西 弘, 村田 清美, 衣笠 美弘, 河杉 忠昭1969 年 35 巻 10 号 p. 1021-1026
発行日: 1969/10/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPhotosynthetic bacteria contribute to purify the sewage, according to the changes of microbial flora in succession as i) heterotrophs, ii) photosynthetic bacteria, and iii) algae.
The bacterial cells are used as the feed of animal planktons and baby fish.
In the light of the facts mentioned above, treatment of domestic fowls' excrements by photosynthetic bacteria was performed and the treated solution was supplied to fish pond. As a result, it was observed that the baby fish could grow very well and if the suitable amounts of the photosynthetic bacteria treated solution were added, the survival population was remarkably increased over control.
Photosynthetic bacterial cells (Rhodopseudomonas capsulatus species) contain 57.9% protein and 200γ% vitamin B12.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (335K) -
真仁田 英明, 小泉 千秋, 野中 順三九1969 年 35 巻 10 号 p. 1027-1033
発行日: 1969/10/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーOYA et al1, 2) determined the optimum conditions of autolysis of various fish muscles in the presence of a toluene-chloroform mixture or thymol, but did not examine the effect of these antiseptics on the autolysis of fish muscle.
In the present work, the autolysis of mackerel muscle was investegated under the strictly aseptic conditions without the addition of any antiseptic. The results obtained were as follows.
1. The autolysis of the mackerel muscle homogenate proceeded readily at 45°C at pH 3.5 and at 60-65°C in a slightly alkaline pH range (Figs. 1-7).
2. Antiseptics such as toluene, chloroform, and thymol did not affect the optimum pH (3.5) of autolysis at 45°C but considerably lowered the rate of autolysis (Figs. 8 and 9).
3. These antiseptics inhibited the brown discoloration and fat oxidation of the mackerel muscle homogenate during the autolysis (Table 1).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (475K) -
清水 千秋, 阿部 憲治, 松浦 文雄1969 年 35 巻 10 号 p. 1034
発行日: 1969/10/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーMethemoglobin reductase and metmyoglobin reductase, which have been studied as a part of research for the maintenance of fish meat color, were found to catalyze the reduction of methemoglobin and metmyoglobin by NADPH (or NADH) in the presence of methylene blue. The distribution of these coenzymes in living organisms has been examined mostly for plant or mammals, and only few studies have been done for fishes. The present report describes the concentration of NAD, NADH, NADP and NADPH in the fish tissues.
The concentration of these coenzymes and oxidoreduction rate in the muscle and other tissues of fishes were determined by the enzymic methods. The total amount of NAD and NADH in the ordinary muscle was about 20 mg% throughout all the fishes examined, being several times as much as the total amount of NADP and NADPH in the same muscle. The total amount of each coenzyme in the red muscle was more than twice its quantity in the ordinary muscle. The total amounts in the internal organs or blood were several times as much that in the ordinary muscle, The ratio between NAD (H) and NADP (H) in these tissues did not differ from that in the ordinary muscle. Each coenzyme was found to exist only in a reduced form in almost all the cases. This fact is different distinctly from the observation of mammals, and it may be a specific character for fishes.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (466K) -
1969 年 35 巻 10 号 p. 1042
発行日: 1969年
公開日: 2008/04/22
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (45K)
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