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Volume 35, Issue 2
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Effect of Diluted Sea Water on the Crystalline StyleKatsuhiko WADA1969 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 133-140
Published: February 25, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Japanese pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata (Gould) (P. martensii (Dunker)), was kept in diluted sea water (specific gravity, σ15:7-10) for 57-114hr in order to know the influence of such condition on the state of crystalline style. All styles disappeared or remarkably dissolved after the experiment.
2. A period of 9-14 days was required for complete reformation of the style injured by diluted sea water after pearl oysters were returned to natural condition.
3. The style of pearl oyster dissolves most rapidly in the buffer solution of pH 7.1-7.6 in vitro.
4. The disappearance of the style may be mainly caused by the stoppage of secretory activity and its continuous dissolution in the gut, as suggested by YONGE.
I wish to express sincere thanks to Prof. K. MATSUBARA, Kyoto University and Dr. Y. KUWATANI, National Pearl Research Laboratory for their kind and useful suggestions, and also to Prof. A. OCHIAI, Kôchi University and Dr. S. AOKI, Fuji Pearl Institute who gave me valuable advice. I am indebted to Mr. S. ÔTA, chief of National Pearl Research Laboratory where a part of this study was carried out and to Mr. K. OKAMOTO for their technical assistance, and to Mr. C. TAPIAS for this correction of this manuscript.View full abstractDownload PDF (456K) -
Histological and Histochemical Observation of the Crystalline Style SacKatsuhiko WADA1969 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 141-147
Published: February 25, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Japanese pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata (Gould) (P. martensii (Dunker)), was kept in diluted sea water (specific gravity, σ15:7-10) for 57-114hr in order to know the influence of such condition on the state of crystalline style. All styles disappeared or remarkably dissolved after the experiment.
2. A period of 9-14 days was required for complete reformation of the style injured by diluted sea water after pearl oysters were returned to natural condition.
3. The style of pearl oyster dissolves most rapidly in the buffer solution of pH 7.1-7.6 in vitro.
4. The disappearance of the style may be mainly caused by the stoppage of secretory activity and its continuous dissolution in the gut, as suggested by YONGE.
I wish to express sincere thanks to Prof. K. MATSUBARA, Kyoto University and Dr. Y. KUWATANI, National Pearl Research Laboratory for their kind and useful suggestions, and also to Prof. A. OCHIAI, Kôchi University and Dr. S. AOKI, Fuji Pearl Institute who gave me valuable advice. I am indebted to Mr. S. ÔTA, chief of National Pearl Research Laboratory where a part of this study was carried out and to Mr. K. OKAMOTO for their technical assistance, and to Mr. C. TAPIAS for this correction of this manuscript.View full abstractDownload PDF (635K) -
Kunihiko FUKUSHO1969 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 148-155
Published: February 25, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. African native cichlid T. mossabica showing 100% survival in the sea water of 75% concentration and a lesser survival in undiluted sea water without acclimation procedure was proved to better excel in salinity tolerance than T. nilotica and T. sparrmani (Fig. 1).
2. The kidney of Tilapia exhibits the structure of typical freshwater fish. The scanty interstitial connetive tissue of kidney is characteristic of the fishes Genus Tilapia.
3. A pomacentrid Abudefduf vaigiensis which is provided with the kidney of typical marine fish (lacking in the distal convoluted segment), shows the approximate half value of the size in each component of the kidney. A South American cichlid Pterophyllum eimekei exhibiting freshwater fish type in terms of kidney-structure is the intermediate values between Tilapia and A. vaigiensis (Table 1 and Fig. 2).View full abstractDownload PDF (431K) -
Distribution of Aurelia Patches in the North-East Region of Tokyo Bay in Summer 1966 and 1967Ren KUWABARA, Shuichi SATO, Nobuhiko NOGUCHI1969 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 156-162
Published: February 25, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe patches of the common medusa, Aurelia aurita LAMARCK, have often been drawn into the intake-tunnel of thermal power stations using huge volumes of sea water for condenser cooling. This has created serious trouble in sea water intake.
To obtain some basic knowledge for the planning of countermeasures, distribution of the patches was investigated three times by ship in the north-east region of Tokyo Bay, where there are several power stations on the coast. Tracks and stations of these surveys in which one was aerial observation from helicopter are shown in Fig. 1.
When patches were found, their characteristics were examined: area and shape were estimated by observation, density was obtained by horizontal towing of a net with an opening 100cm in diameter and with 8.0mm mesh-openings, and biomass was calculated from density and mean diameter of the bells using the relation as shown in Fig. 5. Results of these examinations are shown in Table 2.
As for the relation between oceanographic structure and distribution of Aurelia patches, chlorinity distribution presented a fine relation in each surveys as seen in Fig. 2-4. Result of the 1st survey showed that patches have surrounded a low chlorinity line, the contour of 16.00‰ (Fig. 2). Results of 2nd and 3rd surveys are shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 respectively, in which patches were situated near the projecting points of high chlorinity lines. These results suggest that the patches have drifted with the off-shore current of high chlorinity.
Results of two vertical towings of patches showed the change of density as seen in Fig. 6 and Fig. 7.View full abstractDownload PDF (456K) -
Separation of Toxic Factors by Gel FiltrationTomoko SHIMIZU1969 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 163-172
Published: February 25, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe 50, 000×g centrifugal supernatant of sonicated cell suspension of A. liquefaciens strain Y-62 was gel filtered on Sephadex G-100 column. Factors causing the death of mouse and guinea pig, hemorrhage to the guinea pig skin passed through Sephadex gel without disparsing, while hemorrhage and necrosis in the eel skin and necrosis in the guinea pig skin were disparsed in Sephadex gel and these activities were not separable. These indicate that the sonic extract of the organisms contained at least 2 different toxic substances.View full abstractDownload PDF (757K) -
Satoru HIGASHI1969 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 173-177
Published: February 25, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe utilization of endogenous phospholipids has been observed during the aerobic incubation of spermatozoa of the freshwater mussel, Hyriopsis schlegelii. The theoretical oxygen uptake of the spermatozoa, which was calculated from the disappearence of phospholipids during aerobic incubation, almost corresponded to actual oxygen uptake. Although the spermatozoa contain a considerable amount of carbohydrate in the cell, the consumption of carbohydrate was found to be insufficient to account for the observed oxygen uptake. The respiratory quotient of the spermatozoa also indicated the predominance of lipid metabolism.View full abstractDownload PDF (293K) -
Age and Growth as Determined by UrohyalWan Soo KIM, Yoshio HIYAMA, Yukio NOSE1969 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 178-186
Published: February 25, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (662K) -
Shuichi HIRAO, Ryo KIKUCHI, Tadao HAMA1969 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 187-198
Published: February 25, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe skin carotenoid of orange red color variety of Oryzias was analyzed chromatographycally and spectroscopically. The carotenoids consisted of ten different members: β-carotene, tunaxanthin, lutein and seven unidentified carotenoids. Tunaxanthin occupied about 40 per cent of the total, and an unidentified Carotenoid M-V similar to tunaxanthin amounted to about the same. Lutein was found to be about 4 per cent of the total. From these findings Oryzias seems to be a fish of marine type rather than a freshwater fish so far as the carotenoid components are concerned. Most of the xanthophylls was found to occur in esterified form except that lutein and Carotenoid M-VI were found in both free and esterified forms.View full abstractDownload PDF (628K) -
Effect of Different Species of Fish and Their Grade of Freshness on the Rate of AdhesionMichio YOKOYAMA1969 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 199-205
Published: February 25, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the previous report1), some trial have been done to estimate the degree of adhesion.
To estimate the degree of adhesion, two methods, namely, the measuring of adhesion strength and that of weight of meat attached to film were adopted.
Adhesion strength was measured by a tensile adhesion tester designed by the present author.
The present investigation was undertaken to measure the rate of meat adhesion on casing in boiled fish cake made of different species and various grade of freshness of fish.
The results obtained are as follows.
1) It is found that fat contents of fish meat are not related to meat adhesion on casing, but water contents of fresh fish meat are correlated to meat weight attached to the casing.
2) Another author says that myosin, myogen protein of fish muscle are connected with gel-strength of boiled fish cake (Kamaboko). In this meat adhesion test, it is found that these protein are not correlated to meat adhesion, namely, adhesion strength and weight of meat attached to film.
3) When quantity of stroma protein of fresh fish meat is increased, adhesion strength of boiled fish cake made of that fish meat is increased.
4) In the test of freshness of fish meat on the rate of adhesion, it is found that both of adhesion strength and weight of meat attached to film are decreased with deteriorating freshness of fish.View full abstractDownload PDF (431K) -
The Effects of Low Salinity Sea Water and/or PCP on Tapes PhilippinarumKunio KOBAYASHI, Takeaki KUROKAWA, Tetuo TOMIYAMA1969 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 206-210
Published: February 25, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe outflow of pentachlorophenate (PCP) from paddy fields into the coastal area caused by a heavy rainfall is always attended with the dilution of sea water in the area. It was found in a previous work2) that the higher concentration of PCP than 0.1 ppm was lethal to a shell-fish, Tapes philippinarum. The low salinity sea water, however, is also toxic to the shell-fish5, 6).
The present paper deals with the relationship between the toxic effects of PCP and/or the diluted sea water on the shell-fish. The toxic threshold of the diluted sea water to the shell-fish was in the vicinity of 7‰ in the chlorinity at 25°C (Figs. 2-4). In the higher chlorinity than 7‰, the toxicity of PCP increased according to the increase in concentration more than 0.1ppm (Fig. 4). In the lower chlorinity than 7‰, however, the toxicity of PCP, even at 0.3ppm level, was obscured under the arising toxicity of the lower salinity (Figs. 2, 3).
The preculture in a diluted sea water of 5‰ chlorinity did not promote the toxicity of PCP, at 0.2 and 0.3ppm level, to the shell-fish (Fig. 5) in opposition to OKUBO'S report7).
The resistance of the shell-fish to a low salinity sea water or PCP changed seasonally during the experiments from July 24th to Oct. 9th (Figs. 6, 7). Therefore, the experiment on the toxic effect of PCP to the shell-fish must be done at the same time when the shell-fish is damaged by PCP used in the fields.View full abstractDownload PDF (329K) -
On the Marine Heterophic Bacteria Assimilating Inorganic Nitrogen CompoundsMasao KIMATA, Yoichi YOSHIDA, Michiko TANIGUCHI1969 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 211-214
Published: February 25, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. The distribution of the marine heterotrophic bacteria assimilating inorganic nitrogen compounds in Maizuru Bay were investigated, the methods to count and assort the bacteria being clarified.
2. The counts of the bacteria are comparatively large in bottom muds and sea water, i.e. 103-105 cells/g and 100-102 cells/ml, respectively.
3. As to the percentages of the bacteria to total heterotrophic bacteria, the type 1 which assimilates NH3-N, N02-N and N03-N and the type 7 which does only NH3-N were compar-atively high, i.e. 2-40% and 0-20%, respectively. Further, these percentages of the bacteria in sea water were smaller as compared with those in bottom muds.View full abstractDownload PDF (231K) -
On the Bacterial Activities in Bottom MudsMasao KIMATA, Yoichi YOSHIDA1969 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 215-217
Published: February 25, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) The bacterial activities in bottom muds collected in Maizuru Bay were examined, the methods to estimate such bacterial activities as ammonification, nitrification, nitrate reduction and nitrate assimilation being clarified.
2) Under the condition of the present experiment, the activities of ammonification and nitrification of the bacteria in bottom muds were estimated comparatively to be high, i.e. 0.2-4μg at. N/50g/4hr, although the activities of nitrate reduction and nitrate assimilation of them were done comparatively to be low, i.e. 0-1μg at. N/50g/4hr.View full abstractDownload PDF (184K) -
Effect of Plastic Film Packaging and Ice-glazing on the Rate of DiscolorationMasamichi BITO1969 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 218-226
Published: February 25, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThree varieties of packaging materials with different air permeabilities were examined for the retention of tuna meat color during frozen storage. These included laminated aluminum foil (cellophane-polyethylene-aluminum-polyethylene in the order of lamination from the top), cellophane-polyethylene laminate and polyethylene film. The effect of ice-glazing was also tested.
1. Tuna meat vacuum-packed in the aluminum foil discolored at 2°C at a very slower rate than that packed in polyethylene film (Fig. 1).
2. In storage at -10°C and -20°C, the surface portion of meat packed in polyethylene film discolored at the lowest rate, while the sample which was vacuum-packed in aluminum foil in raw state before storing discolored at the highest rate. The vacuum-packed sample of frozen meat was intermediate between the above two. However, the discoloration rates of the inner portion were about the same (Figs. 2 and 3). Also, the discoloration of meat vacuum-packed in cellophane-polyethylene laminate was comparable to those of meat vacuum-packed in aluminum foil (Fig. 4).
3. The rate of discoloration of the surface portion from ice glazed sample was higher than those packed in polyethylene film at -12°C and -20°C, while the rates were almost the same in the inner portion (Figs. 5 and 6). A very slight discoloration was noticed in the ice glazed sample stored at -35°C (Fig. 7).View full abstractDownload PDF (522K) -
Requirement of Cofactor in the Enzyme SystemKinjiro YAMADA, Katsuhiko HARADA, Keishi AMANO1969 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 227-231
Published: February 25, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe participation of a cofactor was confirmed in the biological formation of formaldehyde and dimethylamine from trimethylamine oxide. The cofactor is of heat-tolerant nature and occurs not only in the tissue of cod-like fish, but also in the shark liver not having the enzyme concerned.View full abstractDownload PDF (237K) -
Keiichi OISHI1969 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 232-243
Published: February 25, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (881K)
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