巻号一覧
36 巻, 2 号
選択された号の論文の16件中1～16を表示しています
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本間 信治, 本間 義治1970 年 36 巻 2 号 p. 125-134
発行日: 1970/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーHistochemical examination by means of fluorescence microscope was performed in order to ascertain the distribution of monoamines in the hypothalamus of two widely separated groups, i.e., two species of the lampreys and the ice-goby, from phylogenetic and ontogenetic points of view.
In the brains of both mature river and adult brook lampreys, the fluorescent area was disclosed around the recessus posterior, which further extends rostrally to the lateral wall of the neurohypophysial recessus, i.e., the recessus infundibuli. This fluorescence located in the periventricular area consisted of the cells appeared in the flame-bulb. By examination of the specimens treated with reserpin and sodium borohydride, the fluorescent substance contained in the cells of lamprey seemed to be the monoamines. The fluorescence is also recognized in the hypothalamic region of ice-goby, which might correspond to the nucleus recessus lateralis hypothalami and nucleus recessus posterioris hypothalami. No fluorescent cells and fibers were demonstrated in the hypophysis and hypothalamic neurosecretory cells of both lampreys and ice-goby.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (896K) -
異なつた色光下における模型引網の捕獲効果ナンビア Ｋ．Ｐ．Ｐ．, 檜山 義夫, 草下 孝也1970 年 36 巻 2 号 p. 135-138
発行日: 1970/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPreliminary experiments on the responses of fish towards moving net model were conducted in a rectangular tank. Hauls were taken under red, green, white day light and no illumination. The highest catch was obtained under red light and the lowest was under green light. Catch under no illumination was next to that under red light and it was followed by white day light. The difference between the catch under red and green lights is taken to indicate the effect of different wave lengths of light on the fish.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (247K) -
本多 勝司1970 年 36 巻 2 号 p. 139-146
発行日: 1970/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーTo investigate the strength of the netting twines (see Table 1) against a single blow, the present study was carried out using the apparatus as shown in Figure 1. In such impact tests, an impulsive force is usually applied to the netting twine horizontally. However for this experiment, the implusive force was applied to the netting twine vertically using several cutting steel-pieces (Figure 2 and Table 2).
Various observed and calculated values are indicated in Table 3. Irrespective of the magnitude of the exerted impulsive force, the test-piece needed a constant energy necessary for the fracture (Fig. 4), but the required energy varied only in the test-piece lengths (Fig. 5). It seems that the stronger and unexpandable the netting twine is, the more energy is needed for fracture (Table 4 and Fig. 6).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (485K) -
養殖ウナギから分離されたC. columnarisの細菌学的性状と病原性若林 久嗣, 吉良 桂子, 江草 周三1970 年 36 巻 2 号 p. 147-155
発行日: 1970/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーSince 1966, gill disease has been associated with serious mortality of pond-cultured eels during the summer months in many eel farms in Shizuoka prefecture. The disease was characterized by partial or extended losses of gill filaments and the occurrence of yellowish colonies of Chondrococcus-like bacteria on the gill surface.
The cultures isolated from gill lesions were long flexible Gram-negative rods, which showed the movements and columnar formation peculiar to Chondrococcus columnaris. The formation of fruiting bodies and the production of microcysts were observed in the cultures maintained by BORG's method. The organism was therefore identified as Chondrococcus columnaris (DAVIS) ORDAL and LUCKER (1944). The biochemical characteristics of the organism (Table 2) were in full accord with those of C. columnaris isolated from Japanese loaches. The organism was occasionally isolated from skin lesions and the kidney of diseased fish.
Eels were experimentally exposed to five strains of C. columnasis by means of pouring the broth cultures on the gill surface. Two preliminary experiments suggested that the pathogenicity of the organism might differ markedly with strains (Table 3). The same was perceived in the following experiments using three other strains (Table 4). In these experiments use was made of well-fed, fat and starved, thin fish, in which the opercula were removed and the surface of the gills on one side was lightly brushed with a tooth-brush prior to the experimentation. In the three strains typical yellowish colonies appeared on the gill two to three days after the exposure, and parts of the gill filaments began to degenerate and finally gill lesions of the same type as those that naturally occur were produced (Plate). Occasionally colonies once developed on the gill disappeared in course of time. Mechanical injuries on the gill surface did not necessarily facilitate the infection of the organism. The fatality of the organism to the eel varied considerably with the strain. As compared with fat fish, starved, thin fish seemed to be much resistant to the attack of the organism.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (757K) -
転換効率に関する諸式について吉田 陽一1970 年 36 巻 2 号 p. 156-159
発行日: 1970/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA formula to determine the efficiency of food conversion to fish body growth was examined, in order to advance the formulae on the growth of fish, which had been showed in the previous paper3). As results of the experiments, the following formulae and others were obtained.
The formula on the relation between efficiency of conversion (X) and body weight (W) is:
X=β/δβ'-γ/δβ'W13
The formula on the relation between the rate of increase in weight (Y) and the rate of food uptake (Z) is:
Y=β/δβ'Z-γ/δ
δ is the energy per unit weight used for construction of the increased portion of body, and δ, β', β, and γ are constants.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (174K) -
転換効率に関する諸式の実際への適用について吉田 陽一1970 年 36 巻 2 号 p. 160-164
発行日: 1970/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe application of the formulae to determine the efficiency of conversion in some samples of breeding fishes were attempted. It was ascertained that the formulae were pretty well applicable if under constant breeding conditions and growth stage. Further, the following formulae which can be applyed to different growth stage are proposed, as general formulae.
The formula on the relation between efficiency of conversion (X) and body weight (W) is:
X=β/δβ'-γ/δβ'Wn-m
The formula on the relation between the rate of increase in weight (Y) and the rate of food uptake (Z) is:
Y=β/δβ'Z-γ/δWn-1
δ, β', β, γ, m, and n are constants.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (275K) -
コイ筋肉からのミオシンの調製について高士 令二, 新井 健一, 斎藤 恒行1970 年 36 巻 2 号 p. 165-168
発行日: 1970/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーAn attempt has been made to prepare myosin from carp muscle by using the original method of CONNELL (1960).
The preparative method mostly used is as follows; the coarsely minced dorsal muscle of carp was washed 3 times in cold with a phosphate buffer, pH 7.5, I=0.05 in order to remove the sarcoplasmic proteins, and the residue was then extracted by slow stirring for 7min. with 3 volumes of 0.47M KC1-49mM KH2PO4-17.6mM Na2HPO4-5mM MgC12-5mM ATP of pH 6.4. Such extracted solution was diluted by the slow addition of 10 volumes of water. The precipitated myosin was collected, dissolved and dialyzed against 0.6M KC1 of pH 6.8.
Myosin prepared by the above method showed all the typical properties of myosin as already known in the case of rabbit; that is, active ATP hydrolyzing activity, low ATP-sensitivity (7-15), negative superprecipitation reaction, and low viscosity compared to those of actomyosin.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (289K) -
コイ筋肉からアクトミオシンの調製について高士 令二, 新井 健一, 斎藤 恒行1970 年 36 巻 2 号 p. 169-172
発行日: 1970/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーAn attempt has been made to prepare actomyosin from carp muscle using the original method of CONNELL (1960).
The preparative method mostly used is as follows; the coarsely minced dorsal muscle of carp washed 3 times in cold with a phosphate buffer, pH 7.5, I=0.05, in order to remove the sarcoplasmic proteins, and the residue was then extracted by slow stirring for periods of 7min., 2 hours and 20 hours with 3 separate volumes of 0.45M KC1-3.38mM KH2P04-15.5mM Na2HPO4 of pH 7.5. Such extracted solution was diluted by the slow addition of 10 volumes of water. The precipitated protein was collected, dissolved and dialyzed against 0.6M KC1, pH 6.8. The properties of actomyosin was observed to be not influenced by the different periods of extraction with 0.45M KC1-phosphate buffer of pH 7.5.
Actomyosin prepared by the above method showed all the typical properties of actomyosin as already known in the case of rabbit; that is, active ATP hydrolyzing activity, high ATP-sensitivity (125-140), positive superprecipitation reaction, and anomalous viscosity.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (239K) -
谷口 順彦, 中村 泉1970 年 36 巻 2 号 p. 173-176
発行日: 1970/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーWe analysed the electropherograms of two species of frigate mackerel, Auxis thazard and A. rochei, which were collected from Japanese waters. The number of components observed in the electropherograms was 5 in both species but some components named B and D were not common to both; that is, A. thazard has component B and A. rochei component D. The electrophoretic patterns of two species were clearly distinguished from each other by the mobility and percentage of each component.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (188K) -
内山 均, 江平 重男, 小林 宏, 清水 亘1970 年 36 巻 2 号 p. 177-187
発行日: 1970/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーAmong the various tests for elucidating the freshness of fish, measurements of volatile base and trimethylamine nitrogen in the muscle have been used widely by many investigators. However, little information is available on the relation between the value of these bases and the freshness evaluated commercially by organoleptic tests. Typical uncooked Japanese seafoods, “Sashimi”, or sliced raw fish, and “Sushi” condiments were prepared from fish which were selected with the traditional severe scrutiny for flavor. Using these samples obtained from local markets, and fish killed immediately after being caught, the significance in measuring volatile base, trimethylamine nitrogen, and nucleotides and related compounds for estimating the freshness was studied. The results obtained are shown in Tables 1-6 and Figs. 1-2, and the main features are as follows:
1) The distribution of value of volatile base and trimethylamine nitrogen, far from showing linear correlation among the fish killed immediately after being caught, “Sashimi” and “Sushi” condiments of several grades of qualities, appeared to be nearly random, and no trend can be discerned. In measuring the amounts of these bases, we were only able to estimate the limit of acceptability or the onset of spoilage of the foods.
2) From the results of statistical examinations, the nucleotides decomposition ratio, Kvalue was found to be a useful index for “Ikino yosa”, or freshness in the true sense of the word, which was used as a sensory criterion in the commercial purchases and sales of fish.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (740K) -
原田 勝彦, 三浦 茂司, 篠田 義夫, 山田 金次郎1970 年 36 巻 2 号 p. 188-191
発行日: 1970/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA convenient method, based on thin-layer chromatographic procedures, was developed to identify formaldehyde which circumstantially occurs in aquatic animals.
In the experiments described, the formaldehyde in muscle was extracted with petroleum ether after converting it into 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazone. The extract was then evaporated to dryness and the residue was re-extracted with a small volume of toluene. The final extract was then applied on activated silica gel G plates, and developed with a solvent consisting of hexane-ethanol-acetic acid (90:10:3). The confirmatory evidence of formaldehyde in muscle was obtained from parallel experiments conducted with authentic 2, 4-dinitrophenyl-hydrazones of C1- and C2-alkanals.
The presence of formaldehyde in muscle of fish and other aquatic animals was successfully confirmed by the adapted method, and it was found that the aldehyde exists in all of the muscles so far as examided except in the cyprinid, Carassius auratus.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (280K) -
中村 孝, 豊水 正道1970 年 36 巻 2 号 p. 192-194
発行日: 1970/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn the previous paper, the presence of fatty acid amides (RCONH2) in the visceral lipid of fin whale has been demonstrated. In this paper, the application of gas chromatography to the analysis of RCONH2 is discussed.
On the SE-30 column, RCONH2 were easily detected by the direct injection of RCONH2. However the unsaturated RCONH2 did not get separated from saturated ones. On the other hand, on diethylene glycol succinate polyester column, RCONH2, prepared from visceral lipid of fin whale, got separated into many symmetrical peaks (Fig. 1). They were identified by using the relationship between the logarithm of retention time and carbon number (Fig. 2). Moreover, RCONH2 composition obtained by the direct injection method was compared with that obtained as fatty acid methyl esters (Table 1), and they were found to be practically identical to each other. Thus, the results reveal that this gas chromatographic method is not only convenient but also accurate for RCONH2 assay.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (381K) -
興津 知明, 河端 俊治1970 年 36 巻 2 号 p. 195-199
発行日: 1970/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIt is generally believed that the formation of trimethylamine (TMA) in fish muscle during deterioration results primarily from the reduction of trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) by bacteria. However, the amount of TMA produced does not always run in parallel with the growth of bacteria, especially when the fish muscle is kept at lower temperatures. In the present study, the reduction of TMAO by certain bacteria was examined at different temperatures, either in the culture medium or on the reaction occurring with washed cells.
Results obtained are summarized as follows:
1. When the organisms were cultured in a nutrient broth containing 0.01M TMAO, the TMA formation by E. coli was apparently retarded at 20°C, and almost no appreciable amount of TMA was formed at 10°C (Fig. 1). In the case of Pseudomonas species, however, the amount of TMA reached its maximum level after one day at 20°C to 30°C, and after four days at 10°C (Fig. 2).
2. In the reaction using washed cells of test organisms, the highest TMAO reductase activity of E. coli was observed at 40°C, while those of Pseudomonas species were between 30°C to 40°C. As to the formation of TMAO reductase of the test organisms, it was confirmed that the enzyme was not an adaptive but a constitutive one. Noticeably, the cells harvested from low temperature cultures exhibited almost the same rate of TMAO reductase activities as those grown at higher temperatures.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (317K) -
サバ筋肉,肝臓および細菌のヒスチジンデアミナーゼに関する比較研究坂口 守彦, 杉山 元彦, 杉山 豊樹, 河合 章1970 年 36 巻 2 号 p. 200-206
発行日: 1970/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリー1. Histidine deaminases from mackerel muscle, mackerel liver, and the bacteria, Pseudomonas fluorescens, were purified and the properties of the enzymes were compared with each other.
2. GSH activated the enzymes from the bacteria and mackerel liver but not the muscle enzyme.
3. EDTA inhibited the bacterial and the liver enzymes but not the muscle enzyme.
4. The Michaelis constant of the enzyme from the bacteria was relatively high to show the value of 2.7×10-2M. In contrast, the value of the muscle enzyme was as low as 3.3×10-5M; the liver enzyme comes between the values i.e. 7.8×10-4M.
5. The molecular weights of the enzyme proteins were estimated at 193, 000 for the bacteria; 198, 000 for the liver; 208, 000 for the muscle. No significant difference was observed as to the origin of the enzymes.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (408K) -
堀田 秀之, 福島 信一1970 年 36 巻 2 号 p. 207-215
発行日: 1970/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (735K) -
1970 年 36 巻 2 号 p. 217
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2008/04/22
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (39K)
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