日本水産学会誌
Online ISSN : 1349-998X
Print ISSN : 0021-5392
ISSN-L : 0021-5392
37 巻, 2 号
選択された号の論文の17件中1~17を表示しています
  • 岡田 啓介, 大滝 英夫
    1971 年 37 巻 2 号 p. 75-82
    発行日: 1971/02/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The ribbon fish, Trichiurus lepturus LINNÉ, is an economically important species in the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea. The amount of its catch has reached 50, 000-56, 000 tons (1967-'69), which is equivalent to about 17% of the total catch of demersal fish.
    A total of 2, 561 fish out of the East China Sea population caught by angling were tagged and then released in the 329th, 330th, and 340th official blocks (Table 1, Fig.
    2). Fifty-five individuals were recovered by the end of March, 1970, which gave a recovery rate of 2.1%. 45% of the total number of the recovered fish was actually recaptured within two months after they were released (Table 2).
    The comparison of the monthly distribution of the population density and the results of tagging indicated that the ribbon fish moved from the releasing areas toward the western seas off Quelpart Island and also up to 35°N (Fig. 6).
    Based on the present findings, it could presumably be suggested that there is considerable intermingling between the two populations of ribbon fish, the Yellow Sea population and the East China Sea population.
  • 小林 裕, 山口 裕一郎
    1971 年 37 巻 2 号 p. 83-89
    発行日: 1971/02/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    In order to estimate the feeding activity, the authors observed the degree of digestion of food in the stomach of tunas and marlins caught by the long line fishing method in the eastern equatorial Pacific.
    The difference in the fishing tendency of these tunas were also examined for estimating changes in the hooking tendency. The feeding of yellowfin tuna, bigeye tuna and striped marlin were more active during daytime than at night, and the bigeye showed more activity than the yellowfin after sunset.
    The feeding of striped marlin became inactive toward sunset and very little activity at night.
    The catch of yellowfin, bigeye, albacore and skipjack were more during the day than at night, but the hooked-rate of albacore was relatively high even at night.
    The hooking tendency of yellowfin and bigeye showed a diurnal change, with the fishing peak at 10:00 A. M. for yellowfin and at 11:00 A. M. for bigeye. The time that the yellowfin and bigeye are most hooked is considered between sunrise and fishing peak, after which the hooking rate decrease gradually.
    The hooked-rate of albacore slightly decreased at night but their hooking tend-ency in the daytime has no such charcteristics as seen in the case of yellowfin and bigeye.
  • 山森 邦夫, 羽生 功, 日比谷 京
    1971 年 37 巻 2 号 p. 90-93
    発行日: 1971/02/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Methods to record the ECGs from the skin of the eel, Anguilla japonica, were investigated. Monopolar recordings of the ECGs were successfully done, either when the fish was partly bathed, with the reference electrode placed in the water apart from the fish, or when an electrode designed similar to the WILSON's central terminal in human electrocardiography was used as the reference. Typically, QRS complex of the ECGs thus recorded was diphasic, being from negative to positive in the head region, and from positive to negative in the trunk region, while it showed triphasic or more complex patterns around the cardiac region. The amplitude was minimal at a dorsal position where the polarity of QRS reversed. In a fish held on a dry towel, the amplitude of QRS was almost constant over the whole surface except the vicinity of the heart. This indicates that even the tail is not the right place for the reference electrode in monopolar recording.
  • 山森 邦夫, 羽生 功, 日比谷 京
    1971 年 37 巻 2 号 p. 94-97
    発行日: 1971/02/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    In the eel, Anguilla japonica, which has a heart with a strong electromotive force, the ECGs were found to be recordable by electrodes placed in the water apart from fish's body. An apparatus so devised that an “underwater electrode” was attached to either end of a plastic cylinder was submerged on the bottom of an aquarium. When the fish slipped into the cylinder, ECGs were easily recorded, being superimposed upon slow undulation of the base line caused by the respiratory movement of the fish. QRS complex of the ECG was marked, while P and T waves were identified with difficulty. The amplitude of QRS complex was about 0.5 mV.
    This method enabled us to observe the heart rate of the eel under least dis-turbed state. Ordinary heart rate was not quite regular. Very slight stimulation was enough to bring about cardiac inhibition, which was also accompanied by a considerable reduction in the amplitude of the QRS. After rough treatment, such as deep anaesthesia or exposure to air, the heart rate showed remarkable compensa-tory increase, reaching a value a few times higher than the normal level. In the American eel, A. rostrata, QRS was about 0.02 mV. This indicates that the electro-motive force of the heart in this species is much smaller than in A. japonica.
  • 石尾 真弥, 中川 久機
    1971 年 37 巻 2 号 p. 98-104
    発行日: 1971/02/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    It is well known that the treated waste effluents from aluminum metallurgical plants contain calcium fluoridel1) in concentrations of 16 to 17 ppm2) These effluents usually run into public waters, mostly into coastal waters in Japan, where various types of fishing grounds are located.
    However, no report is yet available concerning the susceptibility of marine organisms to calcium fluoride6, 8), in spite of the urgent necessity for predicting damages which may be brought about by the new factories that are now being con-structed on seaside areas. This paper, thus, deals with the susceptibility of a certain important sea alga, Porphyra tenera and four marine fishes, Chaenogobius annularis, Chrysophrys major, Halichoeres poecilopterus and Fugu niphobles to calcium fluoride. Susceptibility was also tested using a certain species of shrimp, Metapenaopsis barbata and one kind of clam, Tapes philippinarum.
    After a 30 day-culture at 10°C in artificial sea water8, 4) under 9 hours a day exposure to 6, 000 Lux of day light fluorescent lamps, it became clear that calcium fluoride gel, ranging from 12 to 376 ppm as F, did not influence adversely and to any appreciable extent the growth of Porphyra tenera. During the 4 day test period in natural sea water, with concentrations of calcium fluoride gel ranging from 13 to 232 ppm as F and at temperatures of 26 to 29°C, it was also observed that all the tested animals survived without any apparent damage. These tell us that calcium fluoride gel has no noticeable toxicity to marine organisms, probably due to the extreamely low concentrations of fluoride ion in the test solutions, as calculated from the solubility product of calcium fluoride and the concentration of calcium ion in the natural sea water used.
  • 石尾 真弥, 中川 久機
    1971 年 37 巻 2 号 p. 105-110
    発行日: 1971/02/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Leakage of hydrogen fluoride HF from aluminum metallurgical plants has been noticed consequent to its tendency to kill land vegetation8-11) The construction of such plants on seaside areas, therefore, may induce killing Porphyra tenera when smog occurs. The present study was thus designed to decide the critical concen-tration of atmospheric HF to Porphyra tenera for discussing the possibility of the industrial hazards of this toxic gas on areas of Porphyra tenera culture.
    In order to proceed with the tests efficiently, an HF dispensing apparatus was devised as illustrated in Fig. 1. This apparatus can concurrently supply air with seven different concentrations of HF gas into fumigation bottles at a nearly constant flow as shown in Table 1. In the tests, very young Porphyra tenera were fumigated for four hours, corresponding to the maximum time period for this alga on the sea, with diluted HF gas ranging from 0.2 ppm to 30 ppm. From these tests it was concluded that Porphyra tenera gets killed when atmospheric concentrations of HF are higher than 1.8 ppm, but not destructively influenced when the concentrations are lower than 0.6 ppm. The critical concentration was estimated to be 0.9 ppm after a deliberate culture of algae subjected to the fumigation test. The suscepti-bility of Porphyra tener to HF gas was evaluated to be more resistant than tomato which belongs to the most resistant vegetation to this toxic gas5, 8, 9). This probably suggests that the hazard of leaked HF gas on the culture areas of Porphyra tenerais not severe, even if it may occur.
  • 鹿山 光, 土屋 靖彦, ネーベンゼル J.C.
    1971 年 37 巻 2 号 p. 111-118
    発行日: 1971/02/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The glyceryl ethers of the liver oils of Triakis scyllia, Squalus acanthias, Apristurus macrorhinchus, Centroscyllium ritteri, Centrophorus spp. and Cetorhinus maximus were separated from the unsaponifiable fraction by silicic acid chromatography. The contents of glyceryl ethers in the unsaponifiable materials (or in the liver oils, respectively) were, in the same order of species, 24% (2%), 85% (11%), 51% (6%), 18% (10%), 9% (7%) and 1 (0.4%). The compositions of the glyceryl ethers and total fatty acids were determined by gas-liquid chromatography, as the isopropylidene and methyl ester derivatives, respectively. The glyceryl ethers of Triakis and Cetorhinus were more saturated than those of the other liver oils. Besides chimyl, batyl and selachyl alcohols (the last named is the principal component and constituted about 50% of Squalus, Apristurus, Centroscyllium and Centrophorus glyceryl ethers), tetradecyl, hexadecenyl and eicosenyl glyceryl ethers were the major components. Odd-numbered, branched and diunsaturated chains were present in only small amounts.
    No direct interrelationship between the fatty acids and the alkyl moieties of the glyceryl ethers was observed, but most probably the two are related indirectly, with a selective con-version of the fatty acids to the corresponding long-chain alcohols occurring, followed by biosynthesis of the glyceryl ethers from the latter.
  • P. S. 値の測定によるβ-1,3'-キシラン分解細菌のキシラン分解能の格付けについて
    藤沢 浩明, 村上 正忠
    1971 年 37 巻 2 号 p. 119-123
    発行日: 1971/02/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The distribution of β-1, 3'-xylan-decomposing bacteria in the coastal waters of Yoshimi, Shimonoseki, was reported in the previous paper1), where 64 strains were isolated from sea water, marine sediments and seaweeds in the region.
    In the present study, β-1, 3'-xylan-decomposing activity of these strains was examined, by almost the same method the authors2) had designed to determine, β-1, 4'-xylan-decomposing activity of the xylan-decomposing bacteria.
    The results obtained, are summarized as follows:
    1. The determination of the P. S. value which may be indicative of xylan-decomposing activity of the various strains, may be useful for grading β-1, 3'-xylan-decomposing activity as well as, β-1, 4'-xylan-decomposing activity of the bacteria.
    2. On the basis of the P. S. value determined, the β-1, 3'-xylan-decomposing activity of the bacteria was divided into 6 grades, and it was observed that 40 strains of the 64 examined, belonged to the 3 highest grades of xylan-decomposing activity.
    3. Of the strains examined, 37 strains possessed β-1, 4'-xylan-decomposing ac-tivity together with, β-1, 3'-xylan-decomposing activity and showed the developed tendency to possess both the activities to a high degree.
  • 測定した要求量に基づくビタミン混合物の効果
    青江 弘, 増田 績, 阿部 勲雄, 斎藤 孝士, 田島 幸子
    1971 年 37 巻 2 号 p. 124-129
    発行日: 1971/02/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The utility of reported data on the minimum requirements of vitamins was examined by testing the growth-promoting activity for young carp of a vitamin mixture representing them. The vitamin mixture failed to sustain the growth of carp, but could maintain the growth almost normally, when enriched with thiamine, riboflavin, and niacin. It is suggested that minimum requirements for these three vitamins, especially for niacin, are greatly in-fluenced by the quantity of some other vitamins present.
  • 松田 由美子
    1971 年 37 巻 2 号 p. 130-134
    発行日: 1971/02/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    It was considered that fish meat powder having kamaboko-forming ability could be obtained from frozen “Surimi” (fish meat paste with additives) by the application of lyophilization for the purpose of dehydration. In this study it was examined as to how the platen temperature of freeze-drying affects the quality of the lyophilized “Muen-Surimi” (made from Alaska pollack) one of the two types of frozen “Surimi”, where 0.2%% polyphosphates, 4% sugar and 4% sorbitol are added.
    The frozen cut sample was freeze-dried at various platen temperatures of 55°, 35° and 15°C, and then ground into powder. After storing for a definite period at room temperature, the quality of the dried powder was estimated.
    During storage of 3 months, there was no significant differences in the quality of the powder for the three platen temperatures.
    During storage of 3 months, the protein solubility of the dried powder as well as the values of the jelly strength and the Hunter whiteness of kamaboko prepared from the lyophilized powder were somewhat decreased. Although such quality degradations were observed, kamaboko-forming ability of the powder was not greatly affected during the 3 months.
    Based on this investigation it is concluded that fish meat powder having kamaboko-forming ability could be produced by freeze-drying of frozen Alaska pollack “Muen-Surimi” and could be stored for 3 months at room temperature. Freeze-drying at a high platen temperature of 55°C can be used.
  • 松田 由美子
    1971 年 37 巻 2 号 p. 135-139
    発行日: 1971/02/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    In the present paper it was examined as to how the platen temperature of freeze-drying affects the quality of the lyophilized “Kaen-Surimi” made from Alaska pollack, where 2.5% salt, 5% sugar and 5% sorbitol are added.
    The freeze-drying, the storage and the quality evaluation of the dried product were carried out employing similar procedures as in the previous papery.
    A little quality degradation resulted from lyophilization. However, the properties of all the dried samples were satisfactory until the storage period of 1 month. After storing for 2 months, protein denaturation and degradation of the kamaboko-forming ability of the dried samples were significantly noticed. The lower the platen tem-perature the greater was the degree of these changes. After storing for 3 months the kamaboko-forming ability of all the samples were thoroughly diminished.
    It may be concluded from these results that fish meat powder having kamaboko-forming ability could also be made from frozen Alaska pollack “Kaen-Surimi” and could be stored for at least 1 month at room temperature. The high platen tem-perature of 55°C was prefered for the freeze-drying of it.
  • 斃死の一原因について
    米 康夫, 平野 克己
    1971 年 37 巻 2 号 p. 140-144
    発行日: 1971/02/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    In the previous repor1), YONE inferred that the death of fish during transportation or while keeping after transportation is mainly attributable to infection. The present study was carried out to demonstrate that the inference is correct.
    The present paper deals with the isolation of bacteria from the liver of red sea bream (Chrysophyrys major) which died during keeping after the “keep on closed system” and the pathogenicity of the isolates.
    The results obtained can be summarized as follows:
    1) The adding of chlortetracycline (CTC) and nitrofuran derivatives suppressed the increase of bacterial count and the consumption of dissolved oxygen by bacteria in the sea water in polyethylene cases.
    2) The mortality in the CTC group was lower than that in the non-added group.
    3) Numerous bacteria existed in the liver of dead fish in the non-added group, but bacteria was not detected in those in the CTC group.
    4) Of the isolates distinguished into thirteen groups, those belonging to groups V, IX, and X showed pathogenicity.
    5) Organisms belonging to group X were isolated from the majority of livers of dead fish in the non-added group and accounted for 87 percent of the total isolates from the liver. On the other hand, group V was isolated from only one. Organisms belonging to groups V and X were also isolated from the sea water in polyethylene cases of the non-added group.
    6) The conclusion that the death of fish during the keeping after the “keep on closed system” is caused by the infection of pathogens is led from the above results.
  • 精製サバ幽門垂プロティナーゼの諸性質について
    大城 善太郎
    1971 年 37 巻 2 号 p. 145-148
    発行日: 1971/02/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Previously, the author reported on the purification results of proteinase from the pyloric caeca of mackerel by extraction with water, ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-cellulose column chromatography and Sephadex gel filtration.
    In this paper, studies on some of the properties of this purified proteinase are reported. The purified mackerel proteinase has been ascertained to be most active at pH 9.0 and 43°C, with casein as substrate.
    And this proteinase hydrolysed no less than 70% of the peptide bond in casein; while crystalline bovine trypsin was hydrolysed only 15%.
    Therefore, mackerel proteinase differs also in this respect from the bovine trypsin, although the optimum pH and temperature of these two enzymes are almost similar.
    The purified proteinase appeared homogeneous on electrophoretic analysis. Finally, by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 the elution volume of mackerel proteinase was determined and compared with those of other proteins of known molecular weight. From the elution volume the molecular weight of mackerel proteinase has been estimated to be 30, 000.
  • イノシトール要求と餌料中のグルコース量との関係
    米 康夫, 古市 政幸, 四反田 勝久
    1971 年 37 巻 2 号 p. 149-155
    発行日: 1971/02/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The inositol requirements of fresh water fishes, trout and carp, have been studied, but similar studies on marine fishes have not been up to date. Also, no study on the relationship between inositol requirements in fish and the carbohydrate content in their diet has been reported. Therefore, an attempt has been made and the present paper deals with inositol requirements of red sea bream, Chrysophyrys major fin-gerling and the relationship it has with the glucose level in diet.
    The results obtained can be summarized as follows:
    1) As for red sea bream fed with a diet B containing 10% of glucose, the body weight gain, the inositol content in liver and the activity of cholinesterase in serum were correlative with the inositol content in diet respectively. The requirements for inositol have been estimated to be about 55-90 mg per 100g of the diet, on the basis of the body weight gain and the inositol content in liver.
    2) As for red sea bream fed with a diet C containing 40% of glucose, the inositol content in liver and the activity of cholinesterase in serum were correlative with the inositol content in diet. The requirements for inositol was found to be about 90 mg per 100 g of diet on the basis of the inositol content in liver.
    3) The requirement for inositol at the 40% level of glucose in diet C was nearly equal to that at the 107, level of glucose in diet B. From these results, it is con-cluded that the inositol requirement of red sea bream fingerling fed with a diet containing 10-40% of glucose is 55-90 mg per 100g of diet.
    4) Deficiency symptoms of inositol were characterized by the loss of appetite and retarded growth.
  • 鰹節,煮干し両香臭気成分の比較
    西堀 幸吉, 岡本 清美
    1971 年 37 巻 2 号 p. 156-162
    発行日: 1971/02/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Comparison of the volatile components (whole flavor, acidic, basic, carbonyl, phenolic, non-carbonyl neutral and sulfur-containing fractions) of “niboshi”, which is a kind of seasoning, with “katsuobushi” has been carried out.
    Great differences have been detected in the carbonyl and phenolic fractions between the two types; “niboshi” was richer in carbonyls than “katsuobushi”, but it did not contain any phenolic constituents, which seems to be the principal factor of the “katsuobushi” flavor, and not detected in “niboshi”.
  • 魚の鮮度判定法へのX線回折図の利用について
    丹羽 栄三, 三宅 正人
    1971 年 37 巻 2 号 p. 163-165
    発行日: 1971/02/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    In oder to find a new method to estimate the freshness of fish, the X-ray dif-fraction patterns of the meats were investigated and the following results were obtained.
    1) All the X-ray diffraction patterns of the raw meats of jack mackerel, flat fish, carp and yellow tail showed two peaks at 2θ=13-17° and 25-30°, where θ is the angle of diffraction.
    2) The intensity of diffraction was proportional to the freshness of jack mackerel meat.
  • 1971 年 37 巻 2 号 p. 168
    発行日: 1971年
    公開日: 2008/04/22
    ジャーナル フリー
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