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Volume 37, Issue 3
Displaying 1-16 of 16 articles from this issue
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Frequency of Feeding for a Maximum Daily RationHideo KONO, Yukio NOSE1971 Volume 37 Issue 3 Pages 169-175
Published: March 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhen fishes are fed daily, the frequency of feeding which maximize the daily ration was examined in six species of fishes, namely, jack mackerel, Trachurus japonicus, goby, Chasmichthys gulosos, rockfish, Sebastes inermis, yakataisaki, Therapon jarbua, rainbow trout, Salmo gairdnerii irideus, and goldfish, Carassius auratus. The fishes were fed from 1 to 12 times a day for 10 days, seeing that at each feeding the fish reached satiation, and the daily rations were recorded. The results obtained are summarized as follows:
The following relationship appeared to exist between the frequency of feeding per day (T) and the daily rate of feeding (f);
f=C(1-e-mT) where C is the maximum daily rate of feeding and m is a constant which represents the rate of approach of the daily rate of feeding to its maximum. The value of m is determined by the ratio of the satiation amount at one feeding a day to the maximum daily ration.
The daily ration seemed to be nearly maximized with 2 feedings for goby and yakataisaki, with 3 for rockfish and rainbow trout, with 4 for jack mackerel, and with 12 for goldfish (Fig. 1).View full abstractDownload PDF (395K) -
Takashi AOKI, Syuzo EGUSA1971 Volume 37 Issue 3 Pages 176-185
Published: March 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo hundred and fifty strains of Aeromons liquefaciens isolated from fishes and soft-shelled turtles were studied for their sensitivity to 9 sorts of chemotherpeutics using agarplate dilution method. One hundred and ten of the 250 strains were additionally tested for sensitivity to 3 other drugs.
Most of the strains tested were highly sensitive to chloramphenicol, chlortetracycline, tetracycline, relatively high sensitive to nifuriprinol, sulfamonomethoxine, and sulfisoxazole and moderately sensitive to fradiomycin, furazolidone, nitrofurazone, streptomycin and kanamycin and resistant to aminobenzyl penicillin.
Criteria for defining resistant strains to the drugs were tentatively determined. According to the criteria out of the 250 strains 28 were one-drug-resistant, 38 were two-drug-resistant, 4 were three-drug-resistant and 8 were four-drug-resistant. Tetracycline-sulfanilamide resistance was a characteristic resistance pattern of drug-resistant A. liquefaciens.View full abstractDownload PDF (478K) -
Numerical Detective Method of the Larvae in the Muscle and Viscera of Sea-animalsKeiichi OISHI, Shigemi OKA, Michiharu HIRAOKI1971 Volume 37 Issue 3 Pages 186-191
Published: March 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAnisakiasis in man is caused by the penetration of Anisakis worms into the walls of gastro-intestinal tracts. These Anisakis worms are parasitic in the muscle and viscera of sea-fish. The disease may become prevalent among people who often take these fish as raw steak or through other forms of raw dishes. For prevention against the disease, it is necessary to kill the worms or avoid eating raw fish.
In this investigation, four numerical detective methods of Anisakis larvae were tested from the view point of prevention against the disease, Since it is presumed that Anisakiasis can be prevented only by the avoidance of taking raw fish that carries these parasitic worms seven kinds of sea-animals, i.e. mackerel, jack-mackerel, flatfish, squid, prawn, short-necked clams and surf-clams were used as test animals. The following test methods were applied, i.e., 1) glass pressure method, 2) preservation at fixed temperatures (autolysis including putrefactive decomposition), 3) enzymatic digestion by using some commercial preparations on the market, 4) digestion by bacterial protease secreted for 5 to 6 days at 37°C.
The results investigated are summarized as follows: The worms were easily detected by the glass pressure method in the case of ordinary muscles. When the dark muscle was used, detection of the worms by this method was difficult, it being that the worms were not transparent and not reflective under sun light. For the viscera, especially the digestive tracts, the same difficulty was found by this method. Autolysis including bacterial decay was preferable for the estimation of worms from the viscera. Both enzymatic digestions by commercial preparations on the market and bacterial decomposition were not useful for worm detection in the sample meats used.View full abstractDownload PDF (328K) -
Hiroki NAKAGAWA1971 Volume 37 Issue 3 Pages 192-196
Published: March 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt was undertaken to ascertain whether sialic acid found in cartilage was a component of proteinpolysaccharide (PP) or of cartilage residue which mainly consisted of collagen.
The remains of cartilage left after the extraction of PP were fractionated into three frac tions. These and PP were analyzed for their sugar components and collagen. The sialic acid content was high with increase in the uronic acid content, while low with increase in the collagen content. Since the uronic acid and collagen were indices of PP and cartilage residue respectively, it was concluded that the sialic acid was a component of PP.View full abstractDownload PDF (264K) -
Hiroki NAKAGAWA1971 Volume 37 Issue 3 Pages 197-202
Published: March 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt was undertaken to clarify some properties of sialic acid-containing mucopolysaccharide (SP) occurring as a component of whale cartilage proteinpolysaccharide (PP). After enzymatic degradation of PP with hyaluronidase and Pronase, the products were chromatographed on Sephadex columns, and the behavior of SP on the columns was examined. Moreover, SP was fractionated into five fractions by Dowex 1-×2 chromatography, and these were analyzed for sialic acid, hexosamine, hexose, uronic acid, and sulfate. Consequently, it was clarified that SP was keratosulfate-like mucopolysaccharide containing a large amount of sialic acid as well as small amounts of galactosamine, mannose, and fucose.View full abstractDownload PDF (353K) -
Yaichiro SHIMMA, HISAKO SHIMMA1971 Volume 37 Issue 3 Pages 203-210
Published: March 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe extracted lipids from imported brown fish meal were analyzed with respect to the following items: optical density at 450 mμ in benzene, TBA value, carbonyl value, cholesterol content, and fatty acid composition. Also the lipids were separated into seven fractions by silicic acid adsorption, alkali extraction, and Florisil column chromatography. Oxidized fish oil and white fish meal lipids were also examined to compare the results with those of brown fish meal. The results obtained are as follows;
1. Brown fish meal lipids show higher optical density, and TBA ratio (450mμ/530mμ), and lower cholesterol content than white meal lipids. Lower TBA value, and higher carbonyl and acid values are observed in the brown meal lipids but the difference from that of white meal lipids is not so distinct.
2. While the white meal lipids contain high 20:5 and 22:6 acids in the fatty acid composition, brown meal lipids show little amounts of these acids and high amounts of saturated and monounsaturated acids.
3. Compared with the results of oxidized fish oil, brown meal lipids show particularly higher optical density and TBA ratio, but their acid values and fatty acid composition patterns are similar to those of the 53°-7 day-oxidized fish oil. And furthermore, the weight patterns of the separated fractions of the former, though having an exceptional case out of five samples, are more consistent than that of the latter. This could possibly be attributed to tissue proteins in the meal where the lipids retained in the brown meal are protected from thorough oxidation.View full abstractDownload PDF (557K) -
Requirement for SterolsAkio KANAZAWA, Noriho TANAKA, Shin-ichi TESHIMA, Ken-ichi KASHIWADA1971 Volume 37 Issue 3 Pages 211-215
Published: March 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe requirement of prawn for sterols was examined by the feeding trials using the artificial diet devised by authors.
The prawn receiving the diet supplemented with cholesterol grew normally, and the survival rate and growth rate were 86-95% and 56-98%, respectively. However, the growth rate of prawn receiving the sterol-free diet was poor (22-64%).
The requirement for sterols of the prawn determined by 30- or 40-day feeding trials was about 0.5g per 100g of diet, under the experimental conditions used.
The survival rates of prawn fed the diet containing ergosterol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol revealed a similar percentage to that of prawn fed the cholesterol-diet, but, the growth rates of these sterols were inferior to cholesterol.
From these results, it was suggested that the prawn requires the dietary sterol for normal growth similarly to insects.View full abstractDownload PDF (279K) -
Shigeo INABA1971 Volume 37 Issue 3 Pages 217-222
Published: March 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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Keishiro MORI1971 Volume 37 Issue 3 Pages 223-230
Published: March 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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Hideaki MIYAMOTO1971 Volume 37 Issue 3 Pages 233-235
Published: March 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]1971 Volume 37 Issue 3 Pages 237-240
Published: March 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]1971 Volume 37 Issue 3 Pages 242-248
Published: March 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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Kenji KUROGANE1971 Volume 37 Issue 3 Pages 250-256
Published: March 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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1971 Volume 37 Issue 3 Pages 271a
Published: 1971
Released on J-STAGE: April 22, 2008
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1971 Volume 37 Issue 3 Pages 271b
Published: 1971
Released on J-STAGE: April 22, 2008
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1971 Volume 37 Issue 3 Pages 271c
Published: 1971
Released on J-STAGE: April 22, 2008
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