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Volume 37, Issue 5
Displaying 1-16 of 16 articles from this issue
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In the Case of Appearance of a Cold Water MassTakao HAMADA, Shozo IWAI, Hanji MORIWAKI1971 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 357-363
Published: May 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the summer of 1969 (July-Sept.) an unexpectedly cold water mass, 3.0°C-70°C lower than the temperature in an ordinary year, appeared in the intermediate and bottom layers (10-50M layers) from the southern part of the Osaka Bay to the northern part of the Kii suido (channel) and developed most extensively in August.
Although this period (summer) corresponds to the time when S. enflata move into Osaka Bay and is used as an index to note the entry of the Kuroshio system water mass in the said waters, the number of this species (S. enflata) in the Osaka Bay in the said period of 1969 was quite limited. The distribution of S. enflata at that time was narrow and discontinuous. Further, the number of S. enflata in Osaka Bay between September and December of 1969 was smallest as compered with corresponding data for the 1965-1968 period, suggesting that the hydrological condi-tions was unfavourable for the entrance of S. enflata due to the abovementioned cold water mass and therefore the disturbed immigration of the species from the open sea.View full abstractDownload PDF (401K) -
Monthly Change in the Bell-length Composition and Breeding SeasonToru YASUDA1971 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 364-370
Published: May 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSo far as we know, very few reports are available on the year-round growth of the jelly-fish, Aurelia aurita (LINNÉ), excepting for reports confined to partial or limited seasons. In continued studies on the ecology of the Aurelia aurita in Urazoko Bay, a small inlet of the Wakasa Bay on the south-western coast of the Japan Sea, the author was able to collect fairly sufficient data on the monthly changes in the bell-length composition of this Scyphomedusa, enough to discuss its breeding season, growth and longevity. Field sampling was carried out every month by vertical and horizontal hauls with two types of plankton-nets (100cm in mouth aperture, 2mm in mesh and 45cm in mouth aperture 0.33mm in mesh) and also hand-nets (40×20cm opening, 2mm in mesh), together with hydrographic observations throughout the period from April 1969 to April 1970.
About 3, 600 individuals of the medusae were collected and their bell diameter was measured while alive. Also the condition of the fertilized eggs or planula larvae attached to the oral-arms or subumbrella was simultaneously checked. The results obtained are summarized as follows:
1) From monthly changes in the bell-length composition, season of appearance of planula and also from the results of the previous reports, the longevity of Aurelia aurita was supposed to be from more than one year to less than two years (Fig. 1).
2) A number of young medusae which appeared in May or June were 1cm in bell-length, 0.2 to 0.9 in body weight. Their growth was most rapid in summer (July to August) and spring (March to April). They attained 22cm in bell-length and 400 g in body weight in 11 months.
3) A close correlation was observed between the increase in bell-length or body weight and the seasonal change in water temperature.
4) The fertilized eggs or planulae were observed from January to June in water temperature of 8 to 19°C and its peak from January to May with temperature of 8 to 18°C.
5) The medusae with fertilized eggs or planulae ranged from 7 to 31cm in bell diameter.View full abstractDownload PDF (475K) -
The Effect of Colored Plate Depressor on CatchHiroshi SAKAZUME, Kokichi KANAMORI1971 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 371-375
Published: May 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn trolling, the effect of a plate depressor on fish catch may be very serious and it is said that the movement of the plate depressor is the most important.
In the present paper the catching efficiency with plate depressors was studied from the point of view of their colors. The colors used were white, yellow, silver, pale-blue, red and black.
The results obtained are as follows:
In the twelve fishing experiments the pale-blue plate depressor which had the best catch was 3 times as high as the mean catching rate of yellow one which showed the poorest catch.
The pale-blue, black and white plate depressors which showed better results in the above experiments were repainted yellow, and the red, yellow and silver ones which had not been effective in hooking repainted pale-blue, so that the good results obtained before might be achieved again, influenced by the favourable movements of the plate depressors. The fishing experiments conducted again showed that pale-blue plate depressors had 1.7 times as many catch as the yellow ones.View full abstractDownload PDF (309K) -
Bacteria Isolated from Porphyra leucosticta in CultureJun-ichi TSUKIDATE1971 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 376-379
Published: May 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBacteria were isolated from the alga, Porphyra leucosticta THURET which had been grown healthy with a chemically defined medium in the laboratory by the methods of streaking on agar or the homogenizer in an effort of finding out what bacteria really accompanied.
Materials used were: the colour of the plant was normal dark brown, the plant cells observed microscopically were normal and the growth was the most prominent. The thalli were picked up from a culture flask of 500ml of the artificial sea water and washed 2-3 times in a sterile sea water. This process was carried out in order to eliminate microorganisms at-taching or adhering to the plant by chance, which might disturb results.
Classification was carried out through Bergey's Manual and gram-negative bacteria were specially identified according to the scheme proposed by SHEWAN et al.
Becteria isolated were identified to the genus level as Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Escherichia etc., Flavobacterium and Aeromonas. The non-predatory relationship between Porphyra leucosticta THURET and Staphylococcus was suggested from the fact that this bacterium turned up in every time the isolation was carried out.View full abstractDownload PDF (250K) -
Phosphorus Metabolism in Porphyra, Manifesting the White Wasting Like SymptomSakari KATO, Tsuyoshi WATANABE1971 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 380-386
Published: May 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper describes the results of studies on the Phosphorus metabolism in Porphyra tenera and the manifestation of the white wasting disease symptom.
1) The infection leads to a remarkable change in phosphorus metabolism in the tissue. Total-P content decreases, that is, inorganic-P increases and acid soluble-P and phospholipid-P decrease. Nucleic acid-P and phosphoprotein-P show no significant change. The major changes in phosphorus intermediates are degraded irreversibly to inorganic-P.
2) In cells growing in sea-water containing high phosphorus compounds, total-P content, inorganic-P, acid soluble-P and phospholipid-P increase. Nucleic acid-P and phosphoprotein-P do not increase. As the concentration of phosphorus increases in the cells, the oxidation-reduction potential becomes more reductive. Polyphosphoric acids are also found in these cells. It is considered that polyphosphoric acids are one form of energy storage. The white wasting disease like symptom does not develop on the frond.
3) It is a well-known fact that total-P content decreases in the tissue growing in low nutrient sea-water. However, the effects of infection on phosphorus metabolism are entirely different from those of malnutrition in nature. In case of malnutrition, the decrease in tissue phosphorus is due to decreased uptake of phosphorus by the tissue. There is no evidence which indicates that the degradation of organic-P to inorganic compounds increases.
4) From the statistical analysis of data obtained for the past ten years in Matsushima bay, it is difficult to find a specific relationship between N and P concentrations in sea-water and the occurrence of the disease. A good correlation exists, however, between the occurrence of the disease and the neap tide.View full abstractDownload PDF (464K) -
Maturity Condition of the Autumn-Spawned Squids in the Japan SeaYasuyuki HAYASHI1971 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 387-390
Published: May 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUsing the method proposed in the previous report, the following trends in the annual and areal difference related to seasonal changes in the maturity condition of the common squid, Todarodes pacificus STEENSTRUP, were obtained:
1. The maturity condition of male can be applied as one of the most effective factors to classify the squid into biological groups (Fig. 2).
2. Among the squids spawned in autumn, those in Area C became mature earlier than those in Area B, and those in Area B earlier than in Area A (Figs. 1 and 2).
3. Male squids showed a gradual increase in their values of maturity condition with the passing of season, reaching to maturity in August, while the female individuals maintained very small values until September and then showed sharp increase in October (Fig. 3).
4. The value of the maturity condition of the female in October may be applicable to forecast the opening of the next season (Fig. 3).View full abstractDownload PDF (283K) -
Relationship between Chemical Constituents of Laver and Environmental Factors in the Culture GroundsHiroyuki NODA1971 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 391-396
Published: May 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe relation between the chemical constituents of Porphyra yezoensis and environmental factors was examined by dipping frozen laver nets every month and harvesting the fronds after one month at many culture grounds in the Kuwana district for two successive seasons, from December 1967 to March 1968 and from November 1968 to March 1969. The results are summarized as follows;
1) The total nitrogen and phosphorus contents of the laver reached its maxima in February 1968 and January 1969, when laver of superior quality was obtained. Both these chemical constituents decreased remarkably in March for both seasons and laver of an inferior quality was harvested.
2) The tendency for carbohydrate contents to become higher in the laver of the inferior quality was also recognized in the present study. The contents increased markedly at the end of both seasons.
3) A linear relationship was found between zinc and the protein contents. In laver fronds showing low values for protein nitrogen and phosphor elements such as manganese, copper, aluminium, calcium and sulfate were found to be rich.View full abstractDownload PDF (383K) -
Akio KANAZAWA, Mitsuki YOSHIOKA1971 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 397-403
Published: May 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHitherto, little is known about the occurrence of Δ4-3-keto-steroids in the plant kingdom. In this study, an attempt to clarify the occurrence of keto-steroid in the red alga, Meristotheca papulosa was carried out.
The algal keto-steroid isolated by a column chromatography and thin-layer chromato-graphy gave m. p. 75-79°C, MW (mass spectrum): 384, p-phenylenediamine reaction: positive, 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine reaction: positive. Ultraviolet absorption spectral and mass spectral analyses suggested the structure of Δ4-3-keto-steroid. This algal steroid was identified as cholest-4-en-3-one by a thin-layer, paper, and gas-liquid chromatography. Moreover, it was ascertained that the labeled cholest-4-en-3-one was formed as a metabolite of cholesterol-14C by algal tissues.
The cholest-4-en-3-one, an intermediate in the bioconversion of cholesterol to steriod hormones, has not yet been shown in animals and plants. However, in the case of alga, it is suggested that cholesterol is oxidized to cholest-4-en-3-one for lack of steroid C20-C22 lyase in the red alga.View full abstractDownload PDF (360K) -
Effects of Starvation and Dietary Composition on the Blood Glucose level and the Hepatopancreatic Glycogen and Lipid Contents in CarpMasanori NAGAI, Shizunori IKEDA1971 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 404-409
Published: May 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSChanges in amount of glycogen and lipid in hepatopancreas and of blood glucose of carp under starvation and by feeding the diets in different composition consisting of car-bohydrate and protein were investigated as the first step to study the utilization form of energy in carp.
Under starvation the consumption of lipid prior to glycogen in hepatodancreas and temporary increase of the blood glucose level were found at the same time. In breeding experiments, as the carbohydrate content in diet increased or protein decreased, glycogen in hepatopancreas increased while lipid in hepatopancreas and blood glucose level decreased.
From these results it was suggested in carp unlike in mammals that carbohydrate is hardly converted to lipid but that protein is principally converted to lipid; carbohydrate does not precede either protein or lipid as energy source, but a certain amount of it is neccessary.View full abstractDownload PDF (1118K) -
Effect of Dietary Composition on Metabolism of Glucose-6-14C in CarpMasanori NAGAI, Shizunori IKEDA1971 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 410-414
Published: May 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to confirm that carbohydrate would not be a primary requirement for energy source in carp, from a view point of intermediate metabolism of glucose, incorporation of glucose-6-14C into glycogen and blood glucose, its excretion to 14CO2 and randomization of 14C in glucose molecule in carp which were fed the various diets consisting of carbohydrate and protein were investigated.
Glucose-6-14C was scarcely incorporated into glycogen in all groups but oxidized to 14C02. When more than 50% of protein was contained in diet, oxidation of glucose-6-14C decreased remarkably, and at the same time blood glucose pool and the extent of randomi-zation of 14C in glucose were increased.
From these observations it was suggested that carp possesses the active and reversible Embden-Meyerhof pathway but that glycogen is not a principal storage depot of energy.View full abstractDownload PDF (323K) -
Fumio NAGAYAMA, Shigeki IMANO, Yoshio NAITO1971 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 415-418
Published: May 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOxygen uptake by mackerel tissue homogenates and linoleate oxidation catalyzed by extracts of defatted tissue were investigated.
Homogenates of the ordinary muscle, dark muscle and liver absorbed oxygen at the rates of 0.554, 8.41 and 18.7 μl/min./g at 35°, respectively. It was confirmed that such activity can be attributed to oxidation of the unsaturated fatty acids.
From the activation energies of linoleate oxidation and of oxygen uptake by dif-ferent tissues, it is assumed that heme compounds are responsible in the case of liver, while autoxidation seems the main reaction in the case of muscles.
In general, the relative velocity of oxidation at 0° is lowered to 20-30% of that at 20°, but the repression effect of low temperature on the reaction seems to be small if hemoglobin is present.View full abstractDownload PDF (272K) -
Characterization of Cuticle Collagens in AnnelidsShigeru KIMURA1971 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 419-431
Published: May 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAcid soluble cuticle collagens were prepared from some marine worms, Neanthes diversicolor, Marphysa sanguinea, and Lumbriconereis heteropoda, of Polychaeta. These cuticle collagens exhibited a number of anomalous properties as compared with ordinary collagens. The cuticle collagen solution of N. diversicolor behaved as a Non-Newtonian liquid, and showed a strong flow birefringence and a high negative optical rotation characteristic of collagen. The cuticle collagen has been shown to consist of rigid, rod-like particles having a molecular weight of 1, 700, 000, a diameter of 16.2 Å, and a somewhat broad distribution of lengths averaging 9, 000 Å. It denatured at about 29°C and the denatured collagen was composed of two polypeptide chains, one a light component (M. W.: 300, 000) and the other a heavier one (M. W.: 600, 000). The relative ratio of the two components was about 1:1. The alkali treatment at pH 12 converted most of the heavier chain into the light chains. Moreover, the extremely high content of Hyp, the low content of Pro, and the lack of Hyl were found to be characteristic of this cuticle collagen. Other two cuticle. collagens were found to have similar chemical composition and physical properties. From these results, a possible structure for these unusual collagens was suggested.View full abstractDownload PDF (830K) -
Structural Difference in Collagens from Cuticle and Intestines of Neanthes diversicolorShigeru KIMURA1971 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 432-440
Published: May 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThere are two distinct types of collagen in a marine worm, Neanthes diversicolor, of Annelida. One of them is cuticle collagen having anomalous chemical and physical properties as reported in the preceding paper. Although the anomalous properties of cuticle collagen were not changed markedly after pepsin treatment, there appeared some minor, but important, differences. The observed differences have demonstrated that the molecular ends of cuticle collagen as well as those of vertebrate tropocollagen have a non-helical configuration, telopeptides, susceptible to pepsin digestion. Another type of collagen was isolated from the intestinal canal of the worm by pepsin treatment. The intestine collagen has been shown to be markedly different from the cuticle collagen not only in chemical composition but also in molecular weight and molecular dimensions, and to have molecular structure similar to ordinary collagen.View full abstractDownload PDF (576K) -
Relationship between Variety of Polyphosphates and Extractability of AgarTetsujiro MATSUHASHI1971 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 441-448
Published: May 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPolyphosphates such as sodium or potassium pyrophosphate, tripolyphosphate, hexa-metaphosphate and metaphosphate were effective in increasing agar extractability when they were added in the cooking process of Gelidium pacificum OKAMURA and alkali-treated Gracilaria verrucosa (HUDSON) PAPENFUSS, at 1×10-3M concentration levels. There was a tendency for the effect of polyphosphate on agar extraction to become greater with increasing degree of condensation of phosphate. The results were especially remarkable with alkali-treated Gracilaria. Monobasic salts of orthophosphate had some effect on extractability of agar from Gracilaria, but tribasic orthophosphates were ineffective with both Gelidium and Gracilaria.View full abstractDownload PDF (1170K) -
Effects of Concentration of Polyphosphates and Cooking Period on Extractability of Agar and Gel PropertiesTetsujiro MATSUHASHI1971 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 449-454
Published: May 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAgar extraction from alkali-treated Gracilaria was effectively promoted by an increasing concentration of sodium hexametaphosphate or sodium tripolyphosphate. Melting point and gel strength of the extract became maximum at around 1× to 2×10-3M level, and were reduced at the higher concentrations.
As for cooking period on agar extraction, the highest yield of agar was obtained in 2 to 3 hr. by 2×10-3M sodium hexametaphosphate without acid.
It was shown that sulfuric acid could be replaced by the proper polyphosphates in the agar extraction process.View full abstractDownload PDF (337K) -
1971 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 473
Published: 1971
Released on J-STAGE: April 22, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (15K)
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