NIPPON SUISAN GAKKAISHI
Online ISSN : 1349-998X
Print ISSN : 0021-5392
ISSN-L : 0021-5392
Volume 37, Issue 7
Displaying 1-19 of 19 articles from this issue
  • Nobuhiko TANIGUCHI, Yoshinobu KONISHI
    1971 Volume 37 Issue 7 Pages 571-576
    Published: July 25, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Muscle proteins of 170 specimens of A. rochei and 11 specimens of A. thazard collected from the coastal region of Kochi Prefecture during June to August, 1970 were analyzed by the starch gel electrophoresis.
    1. No individual variation can be recognized in the starch gel electropherograms of 11 specimens of A. thazard.
    2. All the specimens of A. rochei fitted into one of three phenotypic protein patterns without exception.
    3. It is postulated that these three phenotypes are controlled by two codominant alleles.
    4. The distribution of three phenotypes was shown to be independent by age and sex.
    5. The close agreement of the observed values and expected values calculated according to the HARDY-WEINBERG law strongly suggested that the phenotypic polymorphism is controlled by two codominant alleles and the samples were obtained from one MENDERIAN population.
    6. The existence of hybrid protein in AB type shows that these proteins (6, 7 and 8) are of dimer type.
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  • Mikio OGURI
    1971 Volume 37 Issue 7 Pages 577-584
    Published: July 25, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Histological observations were made on the affinity of ACTH cells for lead hematoxylin and also on the distribution of these cells in the pituitary glands, using the following 10 species of teleosts; rainbow trout, Ayu, goldfish, carp, loach, two species of catfishes, Japanese eel, Medaka and snake-head fish. The teleostean ACTH cells exhibited a wide variation in the affinity for lead hematoxylin and also in histological distribution.
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  • Effects of Pituitary and Chorionic Gonadotropins on Ovulation in vitro of Medaka, Oryzias latpes
    Keiji HIROSE
    1971 Volume 37 Issue 7 Pages 585-591
    Published: July 25, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The effects of pituitary and chorinoic gonadotropins on ovulation in vitro of Oryzias latipes were studied.
    The culture medium 199 containing calf serum was the most useful medium in this study. The eggs incubated in 199 containing the hormones were induced to ovulate between 1.00-4.00 a.m., and the ovulated eggs developed to the stage of blastoderm. Among the hormones used, LH of 4μg in concentration had the highest potency in inducing the ovulation in vitro. FSH 4μg, containing the trace of LH which could not induce the high percentage of ovulation, promoted ovulation. If there is no synergistic action at this level of both hormones, FSH may have the potency to induce ovulation. HCG as shown in the previous results, showed a considerably high percentage of ovulation.
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  • The Relation of Working Time to the Power of Main Engine
    Hiroshi MAÉDA, Shiro MINAMI
    1971 Volume 37 Issue 7 Pages 592-597
    Published: July 25, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The variation of the working speed of the Danish seiner was large among the hauls yielding the same amount of catch from the same depth zone under the same grade of wind wave. In the present report, accordingly, the relation of working speed to the power of main engine of the boats was examined because of the following reasons: The records were collected from the 22 boats ranging 220 to 340 Hp in the main engine. It is probable that the working speed depends on the propulsive power and the pulling and hauling ability of the boats. They depend chiefly on the power of main engine. And the results obtained are summarized as follows:
    1. The time expended to complete a haul and the laying time had no relation to the power of engine.
    2. The sinking-pulling time decreased but the hauling-brailing time increased with the power of the engine at a rate of 1.1 min. per 100 Hp.
    3. It was hard to find the relation of the length of the interval between succeeding hauls to the power.
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  • Wear Process Analysis (1)
    Yoshinori SHIMOZAKI
    1971 Volume 37 Issue 7 Pages 598-605
    Published: July 25, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This report describes the results of tests on twine-abrasion and the analysis on the process of twine wear with vinyliden twines. Based on the results of analysis of microphotographs, histograms and values of the tensile strength of the filaments of each sample twine, the following conclusions were made:
    1) During the first stage of abrasion, the filaments of a twine develop small hangnails on the surface, resulting in the reduction in diameter of the filaments as the abrasion goes on. During the second stage of abrasion, the abraded filaments snap when the breaking strength of each filament becomes less than the frictional force. And then, the inner filaments of the twine in contact with the abrasive (oil stone) were abraded till they are broken. During the final stage of abrasion, some of the broken filaments get entangled with each other and the tensile strength of an individual filament in the twine ∑t/n which is more in the initial stage appears to be smaller as compared with the tensile strength TN/n per one filament of the abraded twine in the other abrading stage, and get entangled during the process of abrasion.
    2) Further, it has been observed that when the filaments of a twine are broken during the process of abrasion, some of the entangled filaments are separated by the frictional force and the twine consisting of the remaining intact filaments continues to undergo abrasion and breaks when the breaking strength of the twine becomes less than the frictional force between the twine and the abrasive.
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  • On Polykrikos schwartzi, BÜTSCHLI
    Hideo IWASAKI
    1971 Volume 37 Issue 7 Pages 606-609
    Published: July 25, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Polykrikos schwartzi was obtained in axenic culture by micro-pipette washings. The organism prefers low salinity (Cl 9.0‰), and is sensitive to the pH of the surrounding water. The optimal pH is 8.5. In axenic culture, P. schwartzi needs vitamin B12, biotin, and thiamine for growth. The addition of other vitamins does not increase further growth. The pattern of specificity toward B12 analogues is similar to that of Escherichia coli 113-3. Nitrate, ammonium, and urea are utilized as nitrogen sources. The highest growth was obtained at the concentration of 0.3mg/l, of NH4-N. Inorganic and organic phosphates are available for the organism. P. schwartzi can store excess phosphorus provided there are adequate supplies. The decomposed matters or the extracts of animal tissues, yeast, casein increase the growth remarkably. The result shows that the organism is an imperfect autotroph.
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  • Variation of Phenolic Compounds During Processing
    Kokichi NISHIBORI, Kiyomi OKAMTOT
    1971 Volume 37 Issue 7 Pages 610-613
    Published: July 25, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Variations of phenols and non-carbonyl neutrals of “katsuobushi” flavor during processing have been studied gas-chro-matographically. No phenols were found in fresh skipjack meat, whereas a variety of phenols were detected in “katsuobushi” samples: The phenols gradually increased in number as well as in amount with the advance of the wood-smoking stage, but hardly during the moulding process.
    On the other hand, more than ten kinds of non-carbonyl neutrals were detected in fresh skipjack meat. However, their composition in “katsuobushi” samples were not at all changed during the wood-smoking process. Only a slight change appeared during the moulding process.
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  • The Carotenoids in the Prawn, Penaeus japonicus Bate (Part 1)
    Teruhisa KATAYAMA, Kenji HIRATA, C. O. CHICHESTER
    1971 Volume 37 Issue 7 Pages 614-620
    Published: July 25, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    1. Besides astaxanthin, the presence of β-carotene, echinenone, canthaxanthin, dihy-droxy-pirardixanthin ester, phoenicoxanthin was confirmed in prawn.
    2. A possible metabolic pathway from β-carotene to astaxanthin is proposed, and its sequence ist hus suggested: β-carotene→echinenone→canthaxanthin→phoenicoxanthin→astaxanthin.
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  • Hiroshi YAMAMOTO, Manabu KITAMIKADO
    1971 Volume 37 Issue 7 Pages 621-625
    Published: July 25, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Crude hyaluronidase, prepared by extraction with dilute acetic acid from gastric mucosa of mackerel, was purified 185 fold by fractionation with ammonium sulfate, filtration on Sephadex G-100 column and chromatographies on CM-cellulose and DEAE-cellulose columns. The final preparation was free from β-glucuronidase and β-N-acetylglucosami-nidase, and was homogeneous on disc electrophoresis conducted with polyacrylamide gel. It showed a high specific activity of 10, 000 turbidity reducing units of TOLKSDORF per milligram of its protein.
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  • The Influence of Freshness of the Material and Changes in Storage Temperature
    Kazushi IWATA, Koichi KANNA, Shigeru UMEMOTO, Minoru OKADA
    1971 Volume 37 Issue 7 Pages 626-633
    Published: July 25, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The influence of changes in temperature during frozen storage of Muen-surimi and Kaen-surimi from Alaska pollack was investigated using materials in three different stages of freshness. The materials were designated tentatively as F, N, and B, respectively, in reducing order of freshness. Both Muen- and Kaen-surimi were kept at either -10°C or -20°C for approximately 13 months. In order to investigate the influence of temperature rise on the quality, both materials were stored at -20°C for fixed periods, and then subjected to an approximately 20-day exposure to -10°C before assessment of the quality.
    The results of protein extractability and Kamaboko forming ability of Muen-surimi showed that the quality change of the Muen-surimi during frozen storage was not influenced by the freshness of materials, nor was it influenced by the duration of storage at -20°C prior to exposure to -10°C. However, the storage temperature had considerable influence on the quality change. On the contrary, the quality change of the Kaen-surimi during frozen storage depended upon the freshness of materials. The Kaen-surimi prepared from F deteriorated much more than those prepared from N and B. However, the frozen Kaen-surimi was not influenced by the duration of storage at -20°C prior to exposure to -10°C.
    In addition, it was presumed that the intermolecular bondings such as hydrogen bonds in the Muen- and the Kaen-surimi might be a cause for protein deterioration during frozen storage.
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  • Fumio NAGAYAMA, Sadao YASUMURA, Shuzo SAKUMA, Masaji HIKOSAKA
    1971 Volume 37 Issue 7 Pages 634-637
    Published: July 25, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Reaction velocities of phosphatase, esterase, α-glucosidase, and protease have been investigated over the temperature range from 37 to -26° to see the effect of temperature, especially low temperature, on hydrolase action in mackerel tissue.
    Arrhenius plots for hydrolases in the tissue extracts show sharp downward-bend at -5 ?? 10°, not at 0°.
    The activation energies below the transition temperature are 2-3 times as those above that temperature.
    The reaction velocities of hydrolases at 0, -10, and -20° are 20-30, 4-12, and 0.07-2.4% of those at 20°, respectively.
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  • Substrate Specificity of Mackerel Proteinase
    Zentaro OOSHIRO
    1971 Volume 37 Issue 7 Pages 638-641
    Published: July 25, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The substrate specificity of mackerel proteinase has been investigated with the use of many synthetic substrates.
    Mackerel proteinase hydrolysed the following substrates: Nα-benzoyl-L-arginine-amide, chloroacetyl-L-leucine, acetyl-DL-methionine and chloroacetyl-DL-methionine, while it did not hydrolyse the following substrates: carbobenzoxy-L-glutamyl-L-tyrosine, acetyl-L-tyrosineamide, Nα-benzoyl-L-tyrosineamide and ε-benzoyl-α-acetyl-DL-lysine. These results show that the proteinase has very broad specificity.
    Effects of various metals on the activity of this enzyme were examined. No effect was brought forth by di-valent metal ions.
    Experiments with N-acylated derivatives of amino acid, such as methionine and leucine, indicated that the proteinase has an optical specificity, i.e. it hydrolyses the L-isomer, but not the D-isomer. It may be of interest that this enzyme can be used for the optical resolution of acylated DL-amino acids.
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  • Tamao NOGUCHI, Hsin-erh KAO, Yoshiro HASHIMTO
    1971 Volume 37 Issue 7 Pages 642-647
    Published: July 25, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Specimens of Gobius criniger, collected from the Ryukyu and Amami Islands and from Formosa, were examined for their toxicity by a mouse assay. They showed a great regional variation of toxicity and an indistinct seasonal one. The individual variation in the specimens collected at the same time at the same place was very small. In the toxic specimens, the skin was generally high in toxicity, followed by the viscera and muscle in that order. In a few specimens the highest toxicity was in the mature testes.
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  • Shojiro MIYAHARA
    1971 Volume 37 Issue 7 Pages 648-653
    Published: July 25, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The components of fatty acids in the muscle oil of salmon shark, Lamna ditropis HUBBS and FOLLETT (Nedzumizame, in Japanese), were analysed qualitatively by gasliquid chromatography using two different columns (polar: DEGS, non-polar: APL).
    It is inferred that iso acids (18:0, 20:0, 22:0), anteiso acids (20:0, 22:0), methylbranched acid (24:0) and 24:2 acid exist in this oil among the other common fatty acids in sea water fish (saturated normal: 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24; unsaturated normal: 14:1, 16:1, 16:2, 18:1, 18:2, 18:3, 20:1, 20:2, 20:3, 22:1, 22:2, 22:3, 24:1).
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  • Influences by Change of Components in the Culture Sea Water on the Chemical Composition of Lavers
    Tatsuo FUJIKAWA, Masatoshi YAHIRO, Toshihiro HIGUCHI, Masafuto WADA
    1971 Volume 37 Issue 7 Pages 654-670
    Published: July 25, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Porphyra tenera and P. yezoensis were cultured in many culture sea waters of various chemical compositions and 14 inorganic and organic compounds of the lavers were analyzed.
    The correlation between chemical compositions of lavers and compounds of the culture sea waters have been discussed.
    1) The quantity of Mn, P and total nitrogen in lavers showed great variations according to their contents in the culture sea waters. The concentration of Mn, P and nitrogen in the culture sea waters was sufficient at Mn: 0.066, P: 1.02, and nitrogen: 9.3mg/l to obtain maximum contents of the respective components. On the other hand, influences on K, Mg, Ca, Fe and S were insignificant.
    2) Carbohydrate was classified into three groups, namely, readily acid-soluble sugar, acid-insoluble, alkali-soluble sugar and highly acid-, alkali-resistant sugar. It was recognized that the sum of the sugars and crude protein is nearly constant.
    3) The contents of P and acid-insoluble, alkali-soluble sugar in lavers cultured in the early season were higher than in the late season.
    4) When physiologically injured lavers were cultured, contents of K, Mn, P and total nitrogen were low while Mg and carbohydrate were high.
    5) Interactions and influence of specific gravity of the culture sea water were extremely minimal.
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  • Shin-ichi TESHIMA
    1971 Volume 37 Issue 7 Pages 671-674
    Published: July 25, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In the present study, the bioconversion of the dietary ergosterol in the crab, Portunus trituberculatus, was investigated. After the supplementation of the diet containing 14C-ergosterol to the crabs, the sterols were isolated from the tissues of crabs. The isolated sterol was found to contain only cholesterol as a sterol and revealed relatively high radio-activity. In column chromatography on a silver nitrate-impregnated silicic acid as acetate, the 14C-cholesterol gave one radioactive peak corresponding to cholesteryl acetate. During the recrystallizations, the 14C-cholesteryl acetate showed the constant specific activity (dpm/mg).
    These results indicated that the dietary ergosterol is bioconverted to cholesterol in the crab, Portunus trituberculatus.
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  • Akio KANAZAWA, Shin-ichi TESHIMA
    1971 Volume 37 Issue 7 Pages 675
    Published: July 25, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Fumio TAKASHIMA, Takashi HIBIYA
    1971 Volume 37 Issue 7 Pages 676-684
    Published: July 25, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • 1971 Volume 37 Issue 7 Pages 685
    Published: 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: April 22, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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