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Volume 38, Issue 12
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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Studies on the Spawning Condition of the Pacific Oyster in Matsushima BayAkimitsu KOGANEZAWA1972 Volume 38 Issue 12 Pages 1315-1324
Published: December 25, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSeed oyster (Crassostrea gigas) production at Sendai Bay in well known because its source of supply not only to the domestic but also to foreign markets. Collectig seed oyster in Sendai Bay depends on oyster larvae population in Matsushima Bay, especially those from mother oysters which have an early and large production at spawning. This report deals on the relationship between the appearance of oyster larvae and mother oyster population, and also the relationship between spawning perods and the spawning environment at Matsushima Bay from 1953 to 1970. The following are the results of the survey.
1. A close relationship between the quantity of larvae and that of mother oysters appeared to exist in Matsushima Bay. Therefore mother oysters should be protected in order to stabilize and enlarge the seed oyster population.
2. It was observed that oyster spawnings from spring tide to neap tide was twice as large as those from neap tide to spring tide.
3. It was found that the first highest peak of spawning commenced in the middle of July, the second in late July to early August and the third in early August to middle August. Meanwhile spawnings occurred two to three times every two weeks after the first spawning.
4. The first spawning was found to occur when the water temperature and gravity reached 23.3°C and σ15=20.48, the second spawning 25.1°C and σ15=21.20 and the third spawning 25.7°C and σ15=22.59. However, the quantity of spawning increased from the first to the third.
5. The largest appearance of larvae was found when water temperature and gravity reached 27-28°C and σ15=20.00-23.00.
6. It was obvious that the first spawning was originated from the natural oysters, the second from two years old cultured oysters and the third from one year old cultured oysters. Generally, larvae from later spawnings are more apt to damage because the water temperature falls. Therfore the best way to collect larvae is to procure the first or the second spawning.
7. The author described the characteristics of oyster larvae, supplied from Matsushima Bay to Sendai Bay. Also, techniques of predicting seed collection so as to promote a larger production of the seed has been discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (509K) -
On the Morphological and Biochemical PropertiesRiichi KUSUDA, Masaoki YAMAOKA1972 Volume 38 Issue 12 Pages 1325-1332
Published: December 25, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSince 1969, bacterial pseudotuberculosis has been associated with serious mortarity of cultured young yellowtails during the summer months in many yellowtail farms on the west coast of Japan. The disease is characterized by the deposition of greyish white bacterial colonies, each covering an area of approximately 0.5-1.0mm at innumerable sites in the spleen and the kidney.
The cultures isolated from spleen and kidney lesions were small Gram-negative rods. In some instances, cultures from spleens and kidneys yielded an almost pure growth of this organism on nutrient agar and on blood agar. The organism grew in tiny, non-haemolytic, dew drop-like colonies on nutrient agar at 25°C in 48 hours; there was no growth at 35°C. The colonies had a margarin-like consistency. The organism was non-motile displaying a fairly uniform morphology. Acid was produced in glucose, fructose, galactose and mannose; but on gas production was evident; there was no observable reaction in xylose, arabinose, rhamnose, saccharose, maltose, trehalose, mannitol, lactose, sorbitol, salicin and dulcitol. The organism did not utilize citrate and failed to grow in a potassium cyanide medium. It was catalase and oxidase positive. The organism was therefore identified as Pasteurella piscicida JANSSEN and SURGALLA (1968).View full abstractDownload PDF (1113K) -
Studies on a New Trypanorhynchan Larva, Callotetrarhynchus sp., Parasitic on Cultured Yellowtail-XIIFree ProglottidKenji NAKAJIMA, Syuzo EGUSA1972 Volume 38 Issue 12 Pages 1333-1340
Published: December 25, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSObservations were made on the movement and gravidity of free proglottides of Callotetrarhynchus sp. separated from the strobila of the adult in the valvular intestines of Triakis scyllia. The results are as follows: 1) Mature proglottides which still joined to the terminal of the strobila are 4.05-6.50×1.28-2.14mm in size and have no sperms either in the vas deferens or in the vagina and no ova in the narrow uterus. 2) Mature proglottides separate from the strobila before fertilisation at the posterior part of the valvular intestine. 3) In the initial stage, free proglottides immediately after separation, often have the cirrus protruded and the ductus ejaculatorius filled with sperms. 4) Free proglottides after receiving sperms move toward the anterior part of the valvular intestine and many fertilized eggs appear in the spread uterus of the proglottid. 5) All the free proglottides in the anterior part of the valvular intestine are completely gravid and larger in size than mature proglottides, being 5.33-7.65×2.00-3.75mm. 6) When the number of the fertilized eggs reaches about 40-60 thousand in the uterus, gravid proglottides start to return to the posterior part of the valvular intestine and finally escape into the sea from the anus of the host. 7) When gravid proglottides contact with sea water, the spawning pore is opened immediately on the dorsal side of the vertex of the uterus and the majority of the fertilized eggs are jetted out from the pore instantly. 8) Free proglottides are found in the valvular intestine of host sharks 12 to 30 days after administration of the bladder worms, plerocercus of Callotetrarhynchus sp.. 9) From these observations, it is concluded that the present species is hyperapolytic.View full abstractDownload PDF (1430K) -
Kiyohiko ISHII, Shoji SAITO1972 Volume 38 Issue 12 Pages 1341-1349
Published: December 25, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe western sea area of the Fiji Islands is known as having an abundance of large-sized albacore. Tuna fishing and oceanographic observations were performed in this area by the training ship “Hokusei Maru” of Hokkaido University, during the period of November from 1964 to 1968. The results of these observations revealed the following:
1) The isotherms and isohalines extended from west to east depicting waves from south to north. According to dynamic topography, the water mass in this area was flowing from west to east.
2) Saline water, having a peak of about 35.7‰ at the 200m level, projected to the south and the sea temperature showed a sudden drop at it's south side.
3) T-S curve showed variations below the 300m level by difference of horizontal positions, but over the 300m level described an almost regular curve.
4) Hook rate of albacore was 2.05-3.25% every year.
5) Maximum hooked rate of albacore was obtained at 200-260m depth in tuna long-line.
Putting these results together, we found a sea structure composed of a discontinuity of temperature and salinity, and suppose that dynamically liquidity is happened around the water mass of high salinity to project at the 200m level.
Probably this sea structure of discontinuity is closely connected with the formation of the fishing grounds for albacore.View full abstractDownload PDF (417K) -
The osmotic pressure of the sea water on the migrating route of pelagic marine fishTasuku HANAOKA, Ar Jone CHU1972 Volume 38 Issue 12 Pages 1351-1356
Published: December 25, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo clarify the reason for the migratory behaviour of pelagic marine fish, the osmotic pressure of the water mass wherein the fish was caught in relation to the tempeature in situ has been studied on the basis of data obtained by various surveying vessels in the fishing grounds. A high correlation was seen between these factors throughout the seasons for every kind of fish studied. The osmotic pressure of sea water is considered to be closely related with the life of pelagic marine fish. They seem to migrate in the waters having a certain level of osmotic pressure which is proper to each kind of fish and may change as their maturity progresses.View full abstractDownload PDF (327K) -
Influence of Water Temperture on Population Growth of RotiferKazutsugu HIRAYAMA, Takashi KUSANO1972 Volume 38 Issue 12 Pages 1357-1363
Published: December 25, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe influence of the water temperature on the population growth of the rotifer, Brachionus plicatilis, was investigated by culturing many individuals separated one or two into test tubes. The time intervals from hatching to 50% survival and to peak of fecundity, net reproduction rate, intrinsic rate of population increase and mean generation time at various temperatures were estimated from the daily counts of eggs laid and surviving individuals. The present study aimed to find the most suitable temperature for mass production of the rotifer from the values of these indices.
The results obtained are summarized as follows.
1) The intrinsic rate of increase shows a highest value of 0.91 at 27°C. Therefore, if estimating only from the intrinsic rate, the most desirable temperature for the increase in the rotifer's population might be 27°C. However, the values of other indices indicate that the temperature of 27°C may be near the limit for the natural growth of the rotifer. Hence, it is speculated from the results of the present experiment that the most desirable temperature for actual mass production of the rotifer is about 25°C.
2) The physiological activity of the rotifer is influenced by the culture conditions, experienced by its parents and during its egg stage. Therefore, the rotifer cultured under inadequate conditions can not recover to a state of natural growth immediately after improvement of the condition.View full abstractDownload PDF (367K) -
Tadasi NOMURA, Masao ITOH, Jacqueline VIALA, Antonio ALCAIDE, Michel B ...1972 Volume 38 Issue 12 Pages 1365-1371
Published: December 25, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe sterols from the muscle and the female gonads of Halocynthia roretzi (Tunicata) have been analysed by thin layer chromatography (AgNO3/Al2O3), gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Cholesterol, 24-methylen cholesterol, cholestanol and ?? 7 cholestenol are the main sterols. Three C26 sterols have also been isolated; (chemical structures 1, 2, 3).View full abstractDownload PDF (375K) -
A Modified Determination Method for Nitrate Ion in Meat PrcductsKazuo MORI, Yasuo YAMAMOTO, Yoshiaki AKAHANE, Suekazu OYABU1972 Volume 38 Issue 12 Pages 1373-1382
Published: December 25, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSeveral methods have been proposed for the determination of NO3- in meat products among these methods. The m-xylenol and the Ratcliff methods are frequently used which cannot be considered as satisfactory especially when applied for analysis of many samples simultaneously. The authors investigated to simplify the complicated procedure of the RATCLIFF method, in which NO3- is reduced using a cadmium column, and devised a modified method.
The procedure of this new method is as follows: Extract 5-10g of finely minced meat with 300-400ml of distilled water at 80°C for 30 minutes, after standing for 10 minutes at room temperature. On cooling, make up the volume to 500ml with distilled water and filter. 50ml of the filtrate is passed through a cadmium column and total NO3-•NO2- is detrmined colorimetrically at 540mμ through color development with a solution of sulfamine and naphthylethylenediamine. Similarly, NO2- is determined separately with the same eluate forgoing treatment on the cadmium column. The difference in both these values would result in the NO3- content.
Recovery was about 95%, when 500 ppm of NO3- was added to whale meat.View full abstractDownload PDF (521K) -
Degradation of Nitrate and Nitrite during Meat CuringKazuo MORI, Yasuo YAMAMOTO, Yoshiaki AKAHANE, Suekazu OYABU1972 Volume 38 Issue 12 Pages 1383-1390
Published: December 25, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe influence of several additives and heating process on the variations of nitrate and nitrite in cured tuna, whale and pork meats were investigated in relation to the development of cured meat color.
In nitrate-treated meat, phosphate and sucrose accelerated the reduction of nitrate to nitrite, while addition of them to nitrite-treated meat resulted in high residual nitrite level and poor development of cured meat color.
Reducing agents such as ascorbic acid, sodium ascorbate and cysteine seemed to inhibit this reduction. Thus since they catalyzed the reduction of nitrite to nitric oxide, there occurred a very low residual nitrite level and the resultant in high development of cured meat color.
At the first stage of heating, there occurred a rapid decrease of nitrite in cured meat due to reaction of nitric oxide with myoglobin. On the other hand, after heat denaturation of the protein, there was still a steady and considerable decrease in residual nitrite level, which is assumed mainly due to the reaction of nitrite with free amino groups.
Although the aspect of the degradation process of nitrate and nitrite in cured meat differed in tuna, whale and pork, further experiments are necessary to clarify whether this difference is specific or not.View full abstractDownload PDF (470K) -
Tetuo TOMIYAMA, Nobuyoshi OHBA, Kunio KOBAYASHI1972 Volume 38 Issue 12 Pages 1391-1397
Published: December 25, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe principle involved in this method is the determination of the sulfide content from the absorbance at 835 mμ of phosphomolybdenum blue which is resulted from a reaction between hydrogen sulfide and added phosphomolybdic acid (Scheme 1).
Values for sulfide contents of bottom mud samples in Hakata Bay area which were determined by the present colorimetric method, were fairly identical with those of the distillation-iodometric method2) (Table 3), when the colorimetric values were corrected for the phosphomolybdenum blue value caused by ferrous ion (Scheme 2). Among various interfering redox substances so far studied, the presence of Fe8+, Sn2+ Cu and cysteine gave rise to an appreciable erroneous value. However, with most naturally occurring bottom mud the error due to possible redox substances excepting Fe2+ can be overlooked if any.View full abstractDownload PDF (445K) -
The Transformation of Labelled Astaxanthin from the Diet of Sea Bream, Chrysophrys Major Temminck and Schlegel, to their Body AstaxanthinTeruhisa KATAYAMA, Kanji SHINTANI, Makoto SHIMAYA, Sadahiko IMAI, C. O ...1972 Volume 38 Issue 12 Pages 1399-1403
Published: December 25, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe carotenoids in sea bream have been studied intensively and reported in the series of this thesis.
For two weeks, sea bream were cultured in the laboratory and fed radioactive β-carotene-15, 15'-3H2 (group 1) and labelled astaxanthin (group 2). It was confirmed that radioactive, β-carotene-15, 15'-3H2 was not converted into astaxanthin in sea bream, but labelled astaxanthin was transferred to body astaxanthin.View full abstractDownload PDF (228K) -
Inorganic ElementsKiichi HOSODA1972 Volume 38 Issue 12 Pages 1405-1409
Published: December 25, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFollowing the previous paper inorganic elements of Naga-kombu, L. longissima, were determined on the base, central and top parts of the blade in dried specimens harvested in June and September after two years of growth at Kushiro, Hokkaido to clarify the food value as mineral source. The results obtained are summarized as follows.
The contents of iron and iodine in Sei-kombu, mature L. longissima, were relatively higher than the reported values.
Higher value of iron along with lower levels of calcium, magnesium and iodine were observed in Saomae-kombu, immature L. longissima, as compared with those in Sei-kombu.
In Sei-kombu the percentages of calcium, iron, magnesium and iodine recovered from the ascus parts were found to be lower than those of other parts. Furthermore, it was indicated that these analytical values obtained for Seikombu were between those of the fertile parts and the values of the sterile parts.
These results indicate that the chemical composition of Sei-kombu may be influenced by the mixture ratio of the ascus or the fertile parts in the sample.View full abstractDownload PDF (320K) -
Actin Component in the Gell FractionShigeru UMEMOTO, Osamu TAGUCHI1972 Volume 38 Issue 12 Pages 1411-1415
Published: December 25, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt has been reported that a myosin-like protein component was found in the dissociation products of the gel fraction treated with ATP or pyrophosphate. In order to determine whether the gel fraction contains actin, some properties of the aqueous extracts of the acetone-treated gel fraction were examined.
The gel fraction and actomyosin prepared from frozen or ice-stored muscles of the flatfish, Kareius bicoloratus were treated with acetone and extracted with cold water respectively. When 0.1M KCl and 1mM MgCl2 were added to the aqueous extracts of the acetone-treated gel fraction, an increase in viscosity and a development of flow birefringence were observed. Furthermore, superprecipitation occurred when ATP was added to the combined system of myosin and the aqueous extracts of the acetone-treated gel fraction. The actin solution prepared from fresh muscle and the aqueous extracts from the acetone-treated actomyosin had similar viscosity, flow birefringence and superprecipitation properties. These results indicate that the gel fraction contains actin. From the results obtained in the series of the studies, it may be concluded that the gel fraction is an aggregated actomyosin, in which actin and myosin-like components are hypothesized to exist in a similar bound state.View full abstractDownload PDF (313K)
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