巻号一覧
38 巻, 10 号
選択された号の論文の16件中1～16を表示しています
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佐藤 隆平, 佐藤 正, 小泉 貞明1972 年 38 巻 10 号 p. 1079-1082
発行日: 1972/10/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーUbiquinone is a natural benzoquinone, which is now recognized as an essential component in the electron transfer chain of mitochondria for many forms of life. In order to get some insight into the biochemical basis underlying the physiological adaptation of the chum salmon during its return to spawn in the river, tissue levels of ubiquinone in the salmon were examined.
The dominant ubiquinone in chum salmon was identified as ubiquinone-10 by chromatographic comparison with standard ubiquinone-9 and ubiquinone-10.
The concentrations of ubiquinone in the tissue of salmon captured by a trap at a designated sea spot (Otsuchi Bay) were 82.7, 36.2, 27.3 and 12.4 μg per gram of wet tissue in heart, liver, kidney and gills respectively, while the values obtained from the salmon captured in the river (Otsuchi river) were 81.2, 49.9, 28.7 and 18.0 μg respectively.
Of the tissues examined, a significant increment in the ubiquinone concentration (ca. 45%) was observed only in the gills of the salmon captured in the river, suggesting the biochemical significance of gills in sea water-fresh water transition of the chum salmon.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (213K) -
山本 喜一郎, 広井 修, 平野 忠, 森岡 孝朗1972 年 38 巻 10 号 p. 1083-1090
発行日: 1972/10/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPremature maturation was brought about in cultivated male Japanese eels by the injection of synahorin and the spermatogenesis of the fish was then studied cytologically. The results obtained were as follows:
1. The eels which were reared in sea water only showed on changes in testicular maturity in the early and late multiplication stages. Fish treated with synahorin, when transferred to sea water, exhibited a marked change in maturity and those injected with 200 or 300 ru synahorin showed marked secondary sex characters. Their testes, which arrived at the spermatocyte stage, after being treated four times with synahorin (each time with 100 ru), showed the appearance of spermatozoa in the lobule lumen, and after the sixth treatment with the hormone, the extrusion of sperm occurred in the fish. The spermatozoa obtained showed high motility in sea water.
2. The morphology of the germ cell during spermatogenesis has been described and it resembles that of Anguilla vulgaris already reported. Based on their histological characteristics, the testicular maturity of the eel has been divided into the following five stages. 1) early multiplication stage, 2) late multiplication stage, 3) spermatocyte stage, 4) sperm formation stage, 5) ripe stage.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2763K) -
濾胞組織を取り除かれたメダカ卵巣の生体外排卵について広瀬 慶二1972 年 38 巻 10 号 p. 1091-1096
発行日: 1972/10/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThis study was carried out to know whether ovulation can be induced in Oryzias oocytes removed from their follicles prior to exposure to a hormone. Removal of the follicles with EDTA or trypsin completely inhibited the response of the oocytes to the hormones such as gonadotropin and hydrocortisone. With EDTA treatment at 5.00 pm the pore canals of the chorion became opened and all the afolliculated oocytes degenerated for incubation. The follicular tissues may have the action of protecting the oocytes. The afolliculated oocytes at 12.00 pm (near ovulation) were induced to ovulate. These results suggest that the follicular envelope is indispensable for both hormonal action and protection until the time of near ovulation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1005K) -
木村 健一, 市川 龍資1972 年 38 巻 10 号 p. 1097-1103
発行日: 1972/10/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe accumulation and elimination of 60Co by the common goby, Acanthogobius flavimanus, were investigated with the ingestion of contaminated food.
It was found that the elimination pattern of 60Co by the fish showed an initial rapid decrease followed thereafter by a slower elimination pattern.
The absorption rate of 60Co (defined as the activity remaining 24 hours after a single administration) following a single administration was approximately 4% of the administered dose, and the biological half-life for 60Co in the fish was 69 days on an average.
On the other hand, it was found that the accumulation of 6OCo by the fish on daily oral administration showed a gradual increasing tendency during the whole period, and the retained activity in the fish at the end of daily feeding experiment was about 6% of total administered doses. Using a single exponential model, the time to reach 90% and 50% of total body burden in the fish at the equilibrium state were estimated to be approximately 228 days and 69 days, respectively.
The concentration of 60 Co by various organs of the fish due to ingestion of labelled food showed a decreasing tendency in the order of liver, other viscera (excluding liver and digestive tract), fins, gills, digestive tract, head, skin, and muscle.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (364K) -
游泳時の心拍数と心臓反射について野村 晋一, 茨木 弟介, 広瀬 昶, 白旗 総一郎1972 年 38 巻 10 号 p. 1105-1117
発行日: 1972/10/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe rainbow trout, Salmo irideus, and sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka, on which a radiotransmitter was mounted, were allowed to swim in a stream and the ECG information was conveyed over wireless transmission. The velocity of the current was controlled by means of opening and closing a sluice at the lower reach of the stream.
The heart rate, the beats per minute rate, during free swimming remained unchanged and maintained a nearly settled frequency, independent of the acceleration and deceleration of water current in which the fish was free to traverse.
LUTZ's experiment on cardiac reflex was re-examined by increasing and decreasing the water supply to the gills of carp, cyprinus carpio. An increase in the rate of water to the gills caused an increase in the heart rate in so far as the fish was placed in a state of asphixia, being exposed to the air. The nature of this result did not exactly fit the case when the fish was placed in an aquarium and its gills bathed by the water.
The rate of heart beat during free rapid swimming was considered to be determined by the particular speeds necessory to be sustained during periods of swimming, a cruising speed, in ambient water temperature, and not by the rate of water flow through the mouth on inspiration.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (754K) -
川村 軍蔵1972 年 38 巻 10 号 p. 1119-1127
発行日: 1972/10/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIt is assumed here that body girth for each length of fish is distributed according to a normal distribution with a common standard deviation, and that all fish are held anywhere between the end of the opercle and the point of maximum girth by the mesh encircling the body. When a fish population encounters the gill-net, some fish will pass through the mesh because their maximum girth is smaller than the perimeter of the mesh. Some fish will alter their swimming course because they do not enter far enough to be held fast and the others will be retained. The probability that fish of length l do not pass through the mesh can be described by the following quation:
P1=∫∞Gmc-(p+ql)/σGm1/√2πe-x2/2dx.
And the probability that fish which enter the mesh can be described by the following equation:
P2=∫Goc-(v+wl)/óGm-∞1/√2πe-x2/2dx.
The probability of fish which will be retained may be described by the area under both the cumulative distribution curves.
This theoretical mesh selectivity curve was applied to the herring gill-net. The lengthgirth relationships of herring were:
Gm=0.659l-3.106, Go=0.487l-1.089.
The values of σGo were approximately common for various lengths, but the values of σGm showed increasing trends according to the increase of length. The averages were σGo=3.57mm and σGm=6.56mm. Goc and Gmc were estimated from the relationship between the mesh-perimeter and girth at the net-mark. Goc=2.15∅, Gmc=2.22∅. From the above values, the mesh selectivity curves for each mesh-size were calculated, and the curves were compared with the length distribution of the herring-catch in the discussion.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (375K) -
岩田 宗彦, 浜井 生三1972 年 38 巻 10 号 p. 1129-1142
発行日: 1972/10/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーGeographical variation in mean counts of vertebrae of the walleye pollock were statistically analyzed in relation to its distribution in the regions of the Sea of Japan, the Okhotsk Sea and the Pacific Ocean adjacent to Hokkaido, the northern island of Japan. The frequency distribution of the numbers of vertebrae is normal in an area. Significance tests indicated that there may have been eight local forms with distinctive means in the investigated regions. The means of all samples were concentrated on four clumps in Cartesian co-ordinates crossing at an angle of 60° between co-ordinates of abdominal and caudal vertebrae. Mean vertebral counts increased with an increase in latitude.
These results indicate that there are at least eight local forms in the sea regions surrounding Hokkaido, but it is also possible that some local forms migrate to other habitats from their spawning ground after their period of reproduction. The term “local form” is a reasonable proposition for geographical variations instead of “population” when the phenotypic characteristics are used for classification.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (796K) -
田中 克, 川合 真一郎, 山本 章造1972 年 38 巻 10 号 p. 1143-1152
発行日: 1972/10/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーRelationships between the developmental process of the digestive system and changes in activities of digestive enzymes during larval and juvenile stage of Ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis, were investigated.
Two important periods are recognized in the developmental process of the digestive system. One occurs in the late stage of prelarvae, when the basic structure is established, the other, in the transitional stage from larvae to juveniles, when gastric glands develop and pyloric caeca differentiate. The development of the digestive system to one adult-like in function is accompanied with changes in body form and depth.
The activity of amylase was recognized in larvae measuring about 25mm after which it increased to a fixed level in the juvenile stage. Though pepsin-like enzyme is scarcely detected in larvae measuring about 25mm, it abruptly increased in activity in juveniles measuring 35mm in which gastric gland is fully developed functionally.
On the other hand, trypsin-like enzyme hardly increased in activity during transition from larvae to juveniles.
The increase in pepsin-like enzyme activity and stagnancy of trypsin-like enzyme activity indicate that the digestive mechanism of proteins converts to a higher developmental level during the transitional stage from larvae to juveniles.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1487K) -
数種コラーゲンの中性糖組成とグリコシルオキシリジンの含量木村 茂1972 年 38 巻 10 号 p. 1153-1161
発行日: 1972/10/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe compositions and states of neutral sugars in several invertebrate collagens were investigated. The invertebrate collagens studied were obtained from squid, octopus, abalone, clamworm (annelid worm), spiny lobster, and blue crab. In general, these collagens were rich in neutral sugar as compared with most vertebrate collagens and its content varied from 3-4% in molluscan collagens, 5-6% in annelid collagens and to more than 10% in arthropod collagens. In all the collagens except for annelid cuticle collagen, about 85-95% of the total sugar was accounted for by comparable amounts of glucose and galactose, where most of the galactose was found to be in hydroxylysine-linked carbohydrate units. The glycosylated hydroxylysines, Glc-Gal-Hyl and Gal-Hyl, were determined by the improved method of ion-exchange chromatography. These glycosylated hydroxylysines were distributed widely and in considerable amounts in these invertebrate collagens excepting the annelid cuticle collagen which lacked the glycosylated hydroxylysines. Their contents varied from 6-8 residues/1000 in molluscan and annelid intestine collagens to 20-25 residues/1000 in arthropod collagens. More than 90% of the glycosylated hydroxylysines in all the collagens was present as Glc-Gal-Hyl.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (544K) -
マホヤから得られるコラーゲンの諸性質木村 茂, 小林 伸行, 久保田 穣1972 年 38 巻 10 号 p. 1163-1169
発行日: 1972/10/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe muscle layer collagen of an ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi, was isolated by treatment with 0.1 N NaOH, solubilization with pepsin, and precipitation with Na2HPO4 and NaCl. Some physical and chemical properties of it were investigated. The ascidian collagen resembled other marine invertebrate collagens of mesodermal origin, especially arthropod collagens, in its high contents of neutral sugar (11.5%) and glycosylated hydroxylysines, Glc-Gal-Hyl and Gal-Hyl (20.3 residues/1000). More than 90% of the total glycosylated hydroxylysine was present as Glc-Gal-Hyl.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (392K) -
クルマエビに於けるβ-カロチン-15, 15'-3H2のアスタキサンチンへの転移片山 輝久, 釜田 忠, 島谷 周, 弟子丸 修, チャイチェスター Ｃ．Ｏ．1972 年 38 巻 10 号 p. 1171-1175
発行日: 1972/10/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーTo clarify the metabolic pathway from β-carotene to astaxanthin which was proposed in this thesis series, the present investigation was undertaken.
Astaxanthin is the dominant pigment in prawn, Penaeus japonicus Bate. Prawn were cultured in the laboratory for 21 days by feeding artificial food containing labelled β-carotene-15, 15'-3H2 dissolved in plant oil. In prawn, β-carotene-15, 15'-3H2 was converted to labelled astaxanthin via echinenone, canthaxanthin and phoenicoxanthin. The metabolic pathway from β-carotene to astaxanthin in prawn is as follows:
β-carotine-→echinenone-→canthaxanthin-→phoenicoxanthin-→astaxanthin抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (224K) -
森井 秀昭1972 年 38 巻 10 号 p. 1177-1183
発行日: 1972/10/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe isolation of bacteria was made in order to ascertain their role in producing free isovaleric and other lower fatty acids which were detected previously in the stomachs of porpoises. The 14 strains were isolated aerobically from the stomachs of whales by using a modified ZOBELL 2216 medium and 2.5% NaCl glucose broth medium. Eleven strains of Vibrio and one strain each of Corynebacterium and Staphylococcus were obtained from adult Neomeris phocaenoides, Prodelphinus sp., and Stenella attenuata and the one strain of Staphylococcus from a nursling of Delphinus delphis. The bacteria were identified by the system of BERGEY's manual or SHEWAN et al.. The viable bacterial counts were about 105/ml in each stomach of S. attenuata caught alive, the greater proportion consisting of Vibrio.
All Vibrio strains grew well at 30 to 35°C, and also were able to grow at pH 4.85, though the optimum pH for growth was pH 6 to 7. Halophilic Vibrio strains grew abundantly in 2 to 4% NaCl containing nutrient broth. The isolated bacteria may originate from the intestinal flora of fishes ingested by whales, because their features resemble those of gut Vibrio of fishes.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (431K) -
天然条件下のエストラジオール-17β注射による雌マガキのグリコーゲン分解促進森 勝義, 村松 高明, 中村 泰子1972 年 38 巻 10 号 p. 1185-1189
発行日: 1972/10/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe effect of estradiol-17β on the tissue distribution of PAS-positive substance digestable by saliva-treatment, namely, glycogen was studied using the Japanese common oysters during sexual maturation. The experiments were carried out under natural conditions.
In oysters in which no clear effect of steroid injection on sex reversal was found3), an acceleration of glycogenolysis by estradiol-17β was observed in females about a month (total steroid injected, 0.3 mg/oyster) and about 50 days (0.4 mg/oyster) after the start of injection. However, the injection of estradiol-17β had no accelerating effect on glycogenolysis in the experimental groups in which it could induce sex reversal from male to female3). From these results together with the other previous ones5), it may be concluded that the acceleration of glycogenolysis is antagonistic to the inducement of sex reversal and closely related to the acceleration of sexual maturation in the maturing female C. gigas.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (931K) -
エストラジオール-17βによる雌マガキのグリコーゲン分解促進に関する室内実験森 勝義, 村松 高明, 中村 泰子1972 年 38 巻 10 号 p. 1191-1196
発行日: 1972/10/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe effect of estradiol-17β on the tissue distribution of PAS-positive substance digestable by saliva-treatment, namely, glycogen was studied using the Japanese common oysters during sexual maturation. The experiment was carried out indoors.
In oysters which were kept in sea water containing low concentrations of estradiol-17β (total steroid applied, 4 μg and less/oyster), sexual maturation proceeded normally without sex reversal and an acceleration of glycogenolysis by this steroid was found in females. However, no such effect was seen in the experimental groups treated with high concentrations (10 μg and over/oyster) except at a level of 1, 000-4, 000 μg/oyster. These results indicate that the concentration of steroid applied is of special importance for the appearance of such an effect. The decrease in the glycogen amount which was observed in the 1, 000-4, 000 μg group should be considered to be qualitatively different from that occurring in the 4 μg and less group, because of the high frequency of mortality which is most likely due to serious pathological changes in the digestive diverticula.
The present study together with the previous one1) strongly suggests that the acceleration of glycogenolysis by estradiol-17β may occur in female C. gigas provided that sexual maturation proceeds normally without sex reversal.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1294K) -
手島 新一, 金沢 昭夫1972 年 38 巻 10 号 p. 1197-1202
発行日: 1972/10/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe composition and biosynthesis of sterols in the blue-green alga, Anabaena cylindrica, were investigated.
1) From the blue-greeen alga cultivated aseptically in a defined medium, sterols were isolated by the digitonin-precipitation method.
2) The identification of sterols was performed by gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry.
3) The sterols isolated from the blue-green alga were composed of brassicasterol (90%), cholesterol (8%), 22-dihydrobrassicasterol (2%), and 22-dehydrocholesterol (<1%).
4) The incubation of the blue-green alga with acetate-1-14C gave both radioactive squalene and sterols. The results suggest that the enzyme systems for biosynthesis of sterol exist in the blue-green alga under investigation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (335K) -
江草 周三1972 年 38 巻 10 号 p. 1203
発行日: 1972/10/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (78K)
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