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Volume 38, Issue 3
Displaying 1-23 of 23 articles from this issue
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Jyo TAKI1972 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages 181-188
Published: March 25, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe formation of pigmented-growth zones found in the jaw apparatus in a sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus intermedius, was studied by tetracycline labelling. The urchins were reared in aquaria for fourteen months from August, 1967 to October, 1968. During the rearing period, they had injections of tetracycline four times through the peristomial membrane.
In the jaw apparatus of the individuals, pigmented-growth zones were clearly seen along each of the suture between the half pyramid and the epiphysis, while they were less clear in the compass, the rotule and the tooth. Only two bands of tetracycline fluorescence were observed along each of the suture between the half pyramid and the epiphysis. A pigmented-growth zone was observed between these two bands of tetracycline fluorescence produced by the injection on October, 1967 and March, 1968.
As those found in the test plates, the pigmented zones observed in these structures were concluded to be winter rings.View full abstractDownload PDF (3130K) -
Improvement of the Nutritive Value of Wheat Germ Containing Diets by Mixing with other Feed Stuffs.Hironari FUKUDA, Kuraki KESAMARU1972 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages 189-193
Published: March 25, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the previous papers1, 2), it was shown that the nutritive value of wheat germ was excellent and heat treatment of wheat germ improved its nutritive values for carp, Cyprinus carpio and roasting of the wheat germ by the dry method was more effective than autoclaving by the wet method.
The present paper deals with the nutritive values of formulated diet of wheat germ and other materials, such as wheat germ and soybean, wheat germ and white fish meal, wheat germ and rice bran and so on.
The results obtained are as follows:
1) The nutritive values of formulated diets consisting of defatted wheat germ and defatted soybean showed depressed values in proportion to the decrease of the wheat wheat germ content.
2) The nutritive values of defatted wheat germ with defatted white fish meal showed improvements when used as a formulated diet as compared with the case of single usage.
3) The formulated diets tentatively prepared with wheat germ, white fish meal, defatted rice bran, magna yeast, etc, showed higher value in feed efficiency than the commercial diet for carp.View full abstractDownload PDF (283K) -
Mikio OGURI, Mizuho OGAWA, Hirofumi SOKABE1972 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages 195-200
Published: March 25, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSJuxtaglomerular cells were detected in the kidneys of the following five species of aglomerular teleosts; Histrio histrio, Lophius litulon, Opsanus tau, Phrynelox nox and P. tridens. The results of histological observations on these cells were reported. These results suggest some important systemic function(s) of renin-angiotensin system in teleosts.View full abstractDownload PDF (2337K) -
Akira TAKEMURA1972 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages 201-210
Published: March 25, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMany well-known scientists are constantly investigating underwater sound with the knowledge that it will be of much benefit to mankind. Such studies like the underwater sounds of snapping shrimps have resulted to the easy location of many species by tracing the produced sound. Location by sound may also be used to gain knowledge of other marine animals in migration, feeding or even spawning.
The author made a general survey of the underwater sounds along the coastal waters of Japan, paying great emphasis in the nature of the waters where observations were made. It was observed that the following factors produce certain effects at various degrees; 1) bottom material, 2) geographical difference in latitude, 3) water depth, 4) distance from the shore and 5) structure of the coastline.
Frying noise was only observed in relatively warm areas below Lat. 4l°46'N. For bottom materials, excellent underwater sound recordings were made in muddy areas followed by rock and sand. Frying noise was observed only up to 100m deep. Considering other factors to be uniform, the distance from the shore produced no change in the frequency of frying noise. In semi-enclosed areas, the sound frequency was greatest at the entrance.View full abstractDownload PDF (613K) -
Otsuchi River Investigation 1961-1963Yoshio HIYAMA, Yukio NOSE, Makoto SHIMIZU, Tadakazu ISHIHARA, Hisashi ...1972 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages 211-221
Published: March 25, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSInvestigations for a continued period of five years were carried out at the Otsuchi River (Iwate Pref.) in order to know the freshwater mortality of released chum salmon fry during its seaward migration and the influence of predation upon it. The results of the initial three years, 1961-1963, are given in this report. Hatchery reared chum salmon fry were labelled with orally administered 65Zn (1961 and 1962) or 32P and released. Following the release the transfer of the radioactivity administered to the fry was traced by radiological surveys of fishes in the river and of birds and rats and moles in the surroundings. This survey, together with other investigations such as stomach contents examination, revealed the occurrence of predation of salmon fry by fish, mainly by Chaenogobius urotaenia, and by birds. However quantitative predation was not attained.View full abstractDownload PDF (664K) -
Otsuchi River Investigation 1964 and 1965Yoshio HIYAMA, Yukio NOSE, Makoto SHIMIZU, Tadakazu ISHIHARA, Hisashi ...1972 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages 223-229
Published: March 25, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSucceeding the previous report, the results obtained in the 1964 and 1965 Otsuchi River Investigation to elucidate the predation of chum salmon fry in its river stage are presented. In these two years radioactive pins of 6OCo and 198Au (only in 1965) were inserted into the body cavity of the fry as tags. Subsequent to the release of the fry, intensive radiological surveys were conducted, either in water or on land of the experimental area and its surroundings, to trace the movement of the radioactive tags. Besides, all the descending fry were recovered by traps and this enabled to give an estimate of freshwater mortality with greater accuracy. The results tell that the mortality differs with the size of the fry and that large sized fry is subjected to less predation. Contrary to expectation no new predator species were found. Based on the five years' experiences, the conditions to be fulfilled when performing these kinds of utilization of radioactive isotopes were pointed ou.View full abstractDownload PDF (417K) -
Identification of High Boiling Point Phenolic VolatilesKokichi NISHIBORT, Kiyomi OKUYAMA1972 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages 231-238
Published: March 25, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHigh boiling point phenolic volatiles of “katsuobushi” flavor were studied by gas chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. Three derivatives of 2, 6-dimethoxyphenol (2, 6-DMOP, 4-methyl-2, 6-DMOP, and 4-ethyl-2, 6-DMOP) were isolated and identified.
These three phenols seem to be present as one part of the “backbone” compounds of the flavor of “katsuobushi”.
When mixed with these three kinds of phenols, the flavor of “niboshi” was changed to “katsuobushi” -like flavor and its rancid odor lessoned.View full abstractDownload PDF (327K) -
Myosin-like Protein in the Gel Fraction from Ice-stored MuscleShigeru UMEMOTO, Koichi KANNA1972 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages 239-245
Published: March 25, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSProtein extracts from frozen or ice-stored fish muscle sometimes contain the gel fraction which resembles actomyosin in some of the properties, such as superprecipitation, ATP sensitivity and ATPase activity. In order to know whether the gel fraction contains myofibrillar protein, dissociation products of the gel fraction treated with ATP or pyrophosphate were investigated. The gel fraction and actomyosin were prepared from ice-stored muscle of the flatfish, Kareius bicoloratus, and both were treated with ATP or pyrophosphate for dissociation. The ultracentrifugal sedimentation patterns of the gel fraction treated with ATP were similar to those of the treated actomyosin, a myosin-like peak being observed. Also, the elution patterns of the ATP-treated gel fraction by gel filtration on Sepharose 2B were similar to those of the treated actomyosin, a myosin-like peak being observed again. Ultracentrifugal analyses and gel filtration of the gel fraction treated with pyrophosphate gave similar results as described above. From the results obtained, it may be concluded that the gel fraction from the ice-stored muscle contains a myosin-like protein as a component.View full abstractDownload PDF (1839K) -
Change in Optical Density of Spore Suspensions under Various Exposing Systems to FurylfuramideAtsushi OBATAKE, Satoshi KARATA1972 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages 247-253
Published: March 25, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of furylfuramide (FF) on the germination and successive outgrowth of two bacterial spores were investigated by measuring the change in optical density of spore suspensions under several exposing systems to FF, in order to substantiate the microscopic observations which suggested that this drug acted to inhibit the outgrowth not at germination, but during the stage from “swelling” to “emergence” in the developmental process of the bacterial spore.
The results obtained were summarized as follows:
1. FF did not inhibit the germination in physiological germinant solution even at ten times more than MIC for both microbes, although in PGY medium the time required to reach minimum optical density was prolonged in proportion to the concentration of FF in the case of B. coagulans.
2. When the dormant spores were exposed to FF in phosphate buffer, it had no effectiveness on either germination or outgrowth, but when the microbes were exposed in physiological germinant, the effect of FF was shown as the prolongation of the lag phase of the outgrowth in the medium without FF.View full abstractDownload PDF (946K) -
On the Visceral Lipid Composition of Abalone, Haliotis discus hannai (INO)Kenji HAYASHI, Minoru YAMADA1972 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages 255-263
Published: March 25, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study describes the visceral lipid composition of abalone, Haliotis discus hannai.
The fatty acid composition was determined by gas-liquid chromatography.
The unsaponifiable components separated by column chromatography were identified by thin-layer chromatography, infrared spectroscopy, and gas-liquid chromatography.
The fatty acid composition chiefly consisted of 16:0, 24.1%, 18:1, 19.3%, 14:0, 14.0% and small quantities of polyunsaturated acids such as 20:5, 22:5 and 22:6.
The unsaponifiable components consisted of sterols, 58.6% (largely cholesterol, and ?? 5, 7-sterols; 1.83%), glyceryl ethers, 27.7% (chiefly batyl-, chimyl- and selachyl alcohol), fatty alcohols, 3.1% (largely oleyl alcohol), methylketones, 1.9%, normal hydrocarbons, 0.5% and squalene, 0.4%.View full abstractDownload PDF (457K) -
Effect of Dietary Change on the Activities of Digestive Enzymes in Carp IntestineShin-ichiro KAWAI, Shizunori IKEDA1972 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages 265-270
Published: March 25, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to investigate the responses of digestive enzymes to dietary changes, young carp were fed diets with different contents of protein and carbohydrate for 75 days. Fish meal was used as the protein source and potato starch as the carbohydrate source. Maltase, amylase and protease activities of intestine showed adaptation to the dietary change within a week, and these three enzymes showed generally higher activities in the groups given diets with 40-60% starch throughout the experimental period. Low growth rate was noticed only in the high starch diet group (90% starch) and a clear difference was not seen among the other three groups (20, 40 and 60% starch diets).
When four kinds of carbohydrate (maltose, sucrose, lactose and starch) were used as carbohydrate sources, maltase and amylase activities in intestine after 10 days feeding were high in carp fed the diets containing starch or lactose.
Intestinal protease activity of young carp clearly showed adaptation to the fish meal content in the diet when the starch content in the diet was kept constant. Growth rate increased in accordance with the increase of fish meal content in the diet.View full abstractDownload PDF (299K) -
Diichi KAKIMOTO, Hikaru NAGATOMI1972 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages 271-278
Published: March 25, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe isolation and the purification of bacteriophages living in the coastal sea waters of Kinko Bay were studied. The characteristics of phages compared with those of host bacteria were also studied. The authors found that in order to isolate the phage from sea water, the enrichment of phages before isolation is indispensable. The characteristics of isolated phages were as follows;
1. Six bacteriophages were isolated from the sea waters of Kinko Bay.
2. Among the six host bacteria, two were halophilic and one of them was pseudomonas species, but the remaining were not classifiable according to BAIN and SHEWAN'S classification. Of six isolates four species were classified as marine bacteria. According to BAIN and SHEWAN'S classification, two of the marine bacteria were Pseudomonas and the other two were Vibrios.
3. As compared with host bacteria. All bacteriophages isolated demonstrated strong resistance to various agents; i.e., to chemicals, to hypotonic solutions such as diluted artificial sea water.View full abstractDownload PDF (1634K) -
Incorporation of 14C-formate into Guanine and Hypoxanthine in the Skin of Fish and Accelerating Effect of Thyroxine on the IncorporationSeiichi HAYASHI1972 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages 279-290
Published: March 25, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAttempts were made to investigate the rate of incorporation of 14C-formate into G and Hx in the acid-soluble fractions of the skin of fishes (rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, and yamame, Oncorhynchus mason) and the influence of thyroxine treatment on their incorporation in vivo.
1. In comparing the rate of incorporation of 14C-formate into the acid-soluble purines in the liver, blood and skin, it was found that the incorporation occurred strikingly in the skin in the period from 2 to 24 hours. The incorporation of 14C-formate into the acid-soluble fraction increased in the skin during the 12 to 24 hour period, while it decreased remarkably in the liver and blood during the same period.
2. The ratio of the incorporation of 14C-formate into the sum of G+Hx to acid-soluble purines was approximately 60%.
3. The contents of G and Hx increased after the intraperitoneal injection of thyroxine (5μg/g B. W./10 days). Different effects, however, were observed with different diets.
4. The incorporation of 14C-formate into G and Hx in the skin of fish which were treated with thyroxine before 15 days was remarkably accelerated from 10 to 40 minutes after injection. At 40 minutes the specific activities of the G and Hx in the skin of fish with thyroxine were 10 times and 4 times higher respectively than that of controls.View full abstractDownload PDF (1239K) -
Some Ecological Aspects of Nitrogen Fixing BacteriaAkira KAWAI, Isao SUGAHARA1972 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages 291-297
Published: March 25, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn connection with nitrogen fixation in aquatic environments, some ecological aspects of nitrogen fixing bacteria have been studied.
In various water regions, a close relationship between the number of anaerobic nitrogen fixing bacteria and that of nitrate reducing bacteria or denitrifying bacteria was observed. Considerable numbers of nitrogen fixing bacteria occured not in free form but attached on to or in suspended particles in the water. Besides nitrogen fixing bacteria, the groups of the bacteria in the nitrogen cycle form a peculiar pattern of the microflora, which was illustrated as a diagram. The diagram obtained for the bottom sediments of open seas and the bays in which offshore waters flow was clearly different from that of eutrophized fresh water regions.View full abstractDownload PDF (379K) -
Application of Rubber Elasticity Theory to KamabokoIchiro TAKAGI, Wataru SIMIDU1972 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages 299-303
Published: March 25, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSElastic behavior in both cases of extension and compression of kamaboko was expressed well in application of the rubber elasticity theory. That is, the relation between stress and strain of kamaboko which does not contain starch is given to a first approximation by the equation
ƒ=K(α-α-2),
where ƒ(dyn/cm2), is the stress, α is the extension ratio and K(dyn/cm2) is one-third of the initial Young's modulus. This relation does not depend upon the kinds of raw fish or the moisture content of kamaboko.View full abstractDownload PDF (261K) -
Takashi ONBE1972 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages 305
Published: March 25, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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1972 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages 312a
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: April 22, 2008
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1972 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages 312b
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: April 22, 2008
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1972 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages 312c
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: April 22, 2008
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1972 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages 312d
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: April 22, 2008
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1972 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages 312e
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: April 22, 2008
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1972 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages 312f
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: April 22, 2008
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1972 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages 312g
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: April 22, 2008
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