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Volume 39, Issue 2
Displaying 1-17 of 17 articles from this issue
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Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis of Rainhow Trout: Susceptibility of Fresh Water Salmons of Genus OncorhynchusTokuo SANO1973 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 117-120
Published: February 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIPN virus, isolated from diseased fish at the Tokyo Municipal Trout Hatchery, was used for infectivity trials with three different salmonids. Infectivity tests showed that IPN virus was pathogenic not only to the fry of rainbow trout but also to the fry of Amago and Himemasu, and not pathogenic to the fry of Yamame. Therefore, Amago and Himemasu can possibly be carrier hosts of IPN virus.View full abstractDownload PDF (165K) -
Takashi AOKJ, Tsutomu WATANABE1973 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 121-130
Published: February 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA rather wide variety of drug resistant gram-negative bacteria were isolated from the eel-pond water as well as from the intestinal tracts of cultured and wild eels (Anguilla japonica and Anguilla anguilla) in various districts. A fairly high proportion of the drug resistant bacteria isolated were found to carry R factors. Occurrence rate of R factor-carrying bacteria varied in different districts, being high in the Yaizu and Yoshida areas and low in the Hamana-Lake area and in wild eels. R factors were found in Aeromonas liquefaciens, Vibrio and Enterobacteriaceae strains but not in Achromobacter, Alcaligenes, Pseudomonas strains. The drug-resistance markers of the R factors were almost exclusively sulfonamides and tetracycline. This tendency was apparent particularly in A. liquefaciens.View full abstractDownload PDF (617K) -
Distribution of Oyster Larvae in the Northern Area of Sendai BayAkimitsu KOGANEZAWA, Nobumasa ISHIDA1973 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 131-147
Published: February 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe bays located in the northern area of Sendai Bay are better known for their largest production of oyster seed(Crassostreagigas) in Japan.
In the present paper the authors report results of investigations carried out on the dispersion and accumulation of planktonic oyster larvae together with hydrographic conditions that prevailed from 1962 to 1970 in the northern area of Sendai Bay.
1. The northern area of the Bay can be divided into three sectors in respect to the influence of (1) fresh water (2) oceanic sea water and (3) mixed waters of the two.
2. During the period of survey oyster larvae were distributed in the main spawning regions of the northern area of the Bay and also dispersed off-shore. Oyster larvae abundance appeared especially decreased in the area influenced by oceanic sea water.
3. The most abundant appearance of larvae occurred when water temperature and specific gravity reached 25-27°C and σ1522.00-25.00 respectively.
4. Environmental factors influencing tion and accumulation of larvae are affected by drifting currents, coastal currents, fresh water, and tidal currents.
5. The dispersion and accumulation of the planktonic oyster larvae in the northern area of the Bay are influenced by the interaction of meteorologic and hydrographic conditions.
Considering the conditions that have been mentioned above, we have concluded as follows; it is important for the seed oyster production industry to establish predicting techniques for oyster seed collection and to plan for the exploitation of the off-shore regions of Sendai Bay.View full abstractDownload PDF (979K) -
Morphology of the Adult and its TaxonomyKenji NAKAJIMA, Syuzo EGUSA1973 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 149-158
Published: February 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPlerocercus collected from the body cavity of Seriola quinqueradiata were orally administrated to experimental final hosts, Triakis scyllia. Mature adults were obtained from the valvular intestine of the sharks 15 to 20 days afteradmistration. On the basis of morphological observations made on 10 adult specimens, discussions have been made on the taxonomy of the present species.
The shape and arrangement of hooks, especially of the chainette, are similar to those of Callotetrarhynchus gracilis (RUDOLPHI, 1819) DOLLFUS, 1942 and basically similar to Lacistorhynchus tennis (VAN BENEDEN, 1858) DOLLFUS, 1942, too. These two and the present species are all acraspedote. The present species is hyperapolytic and L. tenuis has been reported to be hyperapolytic or euaplytic. However, no work has been carried out on this point for C. gracilis, although the species has been placed in the family Dasyrhynchidae which is anapolytic. On the other hand, a globular part which is known as a specific character of L. tenuis was not observed in the present species and C. gracilis at the postbulbosal region.
Therefore, we have proposed tentatively a new name, Callotetrarhynchus nipponica, for the present species until fundamental questions concerning classification differences between the genera Callotetrarhynchus and Lacistorhynchus set by PINTNER (1913, 1931) is solved by helminthologists.View full abstractDownload PDF (2232K) -
Takao MATSUNO, Eigo HIGASHI, Toshiko AKITA1973 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 159-163
Published: February 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCarotenoid pigments from the skin and fin of gobies and five related species of typical brackish estuarine water fishes were investigated.
Their principal carotenoid pigments included both tunaxanthin and lutein, known to be characteristic of seawater fishes and freshwater fishes respectively. The possibility that these pigment patterns reflect the nature of the environment was considered. Relatively high concentrations of zeaxanthin were also found.
In addition to these three major pigments, β-carotene, cryptoxanthin, astacene, and α-doradecin were present in small amounts.View full abstractDownload PDF (285K) -
Antibacterial Activity, Chemotherapeutic Effects and Pharmacokinetics of Oxolinic Acid in FishesToshio ENDO, Kenji OGISHIMA, Haruo HAYASAKA, Shuji KANEKO, Satoshi OHS ...1973 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 165-171
Published: February 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOxolinic acid (1-ethyl-1, 4-dihydro-6, 7-methylenedioxy-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid) has been known to possess an antibacterial activity against gram-negative bacteria (Aerobacter, Brucella, Pasteurella, etc.) and chemotherapeutic effects on infected animals. We also found that this compound had a superior antibacterial activity against several bacteria (Aeromonas, Vibrio, and Chondrococcus) isolated from diseased fishes, and that it was also active against Aeromonas liquefaciens (R+).
Oxolinic acid exhibited a chemotherapeutic effect on carps infected with Aeromonas liquefaciens when it was orally administered (3mg/kg, once a day for 5 days) or when the fishes were bathed in medicated water (1mcg/ml, for 24 hours). The bathing method was also effective in loaches infected with Chondrococcus columnaris. Single oral doses of 40, 20, 10, and 5mg/kg in carps resulted in peak serum levels of 2.23 (15 hours after administration), 0.89 (24 hours after administration), 0.59 (24 hours after administration), and 0.73mcg/ml (24 hours after administration). Oral acute toxicity (LD50) was over 4, 000mg/kg in carp.View full abstractDownload PDF (423K) -
Explanation of Chemotherapeutic Effects by Whole Body AutobacteriographyToshio ENDO, Mari SAKUMA, Hisashi TANAKA, Kenji OGISHIMA, Takeshi HARA ...1973 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 173-177
Published: February 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe have already reported that oxolinic acid (1-ethyl-1, 4-dihydro-6, 7-methylene-dioxy-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid) had a superior antibacterial activity against several bacterial species isolated from various fishes and exhibited chemotherapeutic effects in experimentally infected fishes. In the present study, we administered oxolinic acid to carps infected with A. liquefaciens and to rainbow trouts infected with A. salmonicida, and examined the chemotherapeutic effects of oxolinic acid by whole body autobacteriography.
The autobacteriograms of carps infected with A. liquefaciens showed that at various times after administration of oxolinic acid the bacteria were totally absent in the carp tissues. A. salmonicida was also shown to be eradicated from the rainbow trout tissues 24 hours after administration of oxolinic acid. From these results we confirmed that oral administration of oxolinic acid inhibited the growth of infecting bacteria and prevented the expansion of lesions in experimentally infected carps and rainbow trouts.View full abstractDownload PDF (492K) -
Nitrogen Content of the Browning SubstancesKenshiro FUJIMOTO, Takashi KANEDA1973 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 179-183
Published: February 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt has previously been reported that the brown discoloration of fish products is mainly due to the reaction between carbonyl compounds derived from autoxidized oil and volatile bases such as ammonia, but the mechanism of this reaction has not been solved.
In this paper, in order to make clear the mechanism of the browning reaction, the browning substances derived from several model systems were fractionated and the nitrogen content and other properties were investigated.
Autoxidized methyl esters of cuttle-fish liver oil were incubated with ethanol solution of ammonia at 37°C. Yielded browning substances were fractionated by silicic acid column chromatography. For each fraction, the extent of browning, nitrogen content, mean molecular weight and IR absorption spectrum were measured.
With the progressive degree of polymerization, the nitrogen in the brown substance increased, but the amount of nitrogen was too low to be a product of the Maillard reaction. It also differed from the Maillard reaction in that the nitrogen content of the browning substances was not proportional to the initial amount of nitrogen com-pounds. Consequently, the browning reaction mechanism of the autoxidized oil-ammonia system differs from that of the Maillard reaction.
KOH also caused browning, but the extent of browning was far less than that with the same concentration of ammonia.
The browning substances extracted from defatted saury meat-autoxidized oil system and discolored boiled-dried anchovy closely resembled in nature those of the ammonia-autoxidized oil model system.View full abstractDownload PDF (306K) -
Reaction Mechanism in the Early StageKenshiro FUJIMOTO, Takashi KANEDA1973 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 185-190
Published: February 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo clarify the mechanism of the browning reaction observed in fish products, the separation and identification of a few intermediate products were carried out in model browning systems.
Acetaldehyde and 2-hexenal, the main aldehydes in autoxidized oil, were incubated with ammonia ethanol solution at 37°C for 4 days.
From the reaction mixture containing acetaldehyde, carbonyl compounds were separated as their 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazones by T. L. C. (Fig. 2). As a result, crotonaldehyde and aldol were identified as the main products (Table 1), and the occur-rence of these aldehydes indicated that aldol condensation had occurred. As crotonaldehyde has a higher browning potential than acetaldehyde (Fig. 3), it is assumed to be polymerized without much accumulation.
From 2-hexenal, the formation of 2-(1-butenyl)-octa-2, 4-dienal as the first browning substance was proved by elementary analysis (Table 2), NMR spectrum (Fig. 5) and mass spectrum (Fig. 5). This substance was formed also by aldol condensation and the dehydration of two molecules of 2-hexenal.
Correlating these results with the facts that the browning of acetaldehyde was faster in DMSO than in ethanol (Fig. 4), and the selective reduction of carbonyl groups faded the browning substances almost completely (Fig. 7), the authors concluded that aldol condensation was the main reaction in the early stage of browning.View full abstractDownload PDF (284K) -
Physiological Role as a Lipid TransporterKatsumi YAMAGUCHI, Kanehisa HASHIMOTO, Fumio MATSUURA1973 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 191-196
Published: February 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn apoprotein was prepared from the blue-green serum pigment of eel and examined for combination with several kinds of lipid. The results obtained are as follows:
1) The apoprotein was combined with triolein in an energy-free system, the amount of triolein combined varying remarkably with both buffer concentration and pH.
2) The apoprotein was combined also with oleic acid, cholesterin, and biliverdin, but not with squale ?? e and β-carotene at all.
3) The presence of biliverdin in the pigment appeared to be independent of the apo-protein-lipid combination mechanism and hence biliverdin may also be a transported sub-stance.
4) The main physiological function of the pigment is considered to be the transport of lipids, especially of glycerides and fatty acids.View full abstractDownload PDF (318K) -
Comparative Studies on the Biochemical Properties of Highly Purified Myosins from Fish Dorsal and Rabbit Skeletal MuscleReiji TAKASHI1973 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 197-205
Published: February 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSComparative biochemical studies on highly purified myosins from dorsal muscle of carp, Cyprinus carpio, and tilapia, Tilapia mossambica, and skeletal muscle of rabbit were performed.
The following biochemical properties were investigated: chromatographic profile on DEAE-Sephadex column, effects of Ca2+, Mg2+, EDTA, and PCMB on myosin ATPase activity, sulfhydryl group content, and thermo-stability of Ca2+-ATPase activity.
1) The elution profiles of fish myosins at 280 mμ were very similar to that of rabbit monomeric myosin.
2) The influences of various effectors such as KC1, Ca2+, Mg2+, EDTA, and PCMB on fish myosin ATPase activity were essentially the same as those on rabbit myosin.
3) The sulfhydryl group contents of carp and tilapia myosins were found to be 31-34 and 33-35 moles/5 ×105g of protein, respectively.
4) The most striking differences between fish and rabbit myosins were observed in thermo-stability of Ca2+-ATPase activity. In 0.6 M KCl the rates of inactivation of the myosins from carp, tilapia, and rabbit at pH 7.0 and 30°C were found to be 61.1×10-5 sec-1, 18.3×10-5 sec-1, and 5.0×10-5 sec-1, respectively. Approximately fifty percent loss of Ca2+-ATPase activity of carp, tilapia, and rabbit myosins was obtained on incubation for 15min at 28°C, 32°C, and 36°C, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (539K) -
An Attempt on Quantitative Determination of Actomyosin in Frozen ‘surimi’ from Alaska-PollackTakayoshi KAWASHIMA, Ken-ichi ARAI, Tsuneyuki SAITO1973 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 207-214
Published: February 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA fundamental study on quantitative extraction of actomyosin from frozen ‘surimi’ (fish paste) was made. A determination was achieved by measuring Ca2+-ATPase specific activity and protein content after exhaustively extracting actomyosin from frozen surimi.
The quantitative method finally used was as follows: 10g of mined frozen surimi was washed twice with cold 0.05 μ phosphate buffer, pH 7.5. The residue was then homogenized for 3min in 30ml of cold 0.8 M KCI, pH 7.0 at about 6, 000 rpm by homogenizer (Nihon Seiki K. K. type HB). Extraction was carried out for 2 hr after washing out homogenate by adding another 20ml of cold 0.8 M KCI, pH 7.0. Extracted protein was collected by centrifugation at 7, 000×g for 20 min and diluted by the addition of 10 volumes of cold water. The precipitated protein was collected, dissolved into 0.6 M KCI, pH 6.8, and dialyzed against the same solution. The precipitated protein which separated by centrifugation at 15, 000×g for 60min, was redissolved into 0.6 M KCI, pH 6.8 by grinding up with a magnetic stirrer (‘precipitated protein’ fraction). The content of protein and Ca2+-ATPase specific activity in the supernatant and precipitated protein fractions were measured and the amount of actomyosin in frozen surimi could be determined as the sum of Ca2+-ATPase total activity (μ moles Pi liberated/min/10g of surimi) in both fractions.
It was suggested that the precipitated protein fraction could contain denatured forms (modified molecules) of actomyosin, since the properties of ATPase activity in the fraction were very similar to those of native actomyosin.View full abstractDownload PDF (509K) -
The Carotenoids in the Lobster, Panulirus japonicusTeruhisa KATAYAMA, Makoto SHIMAYA, Muneo SAMESHIMA, C. O. CHICHESTER1973 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 215-220
Published: February 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. The existence of canthaxanthin, 4-hydroxy-echinenone, 3-hydroxy-canthaxanthin and astaxanthin in the carapaces of the lobster, Panulirus japonicus was confirmed.
2. β-Carotene, β-zeacarotene, echinenone, isocryptoxanthin and astaxanthin were found in the internal organs.
3. It was proposed that in the lobster, dietary β-carotene is converted to astaxanthin through the steps of isocryptoxanthin, echinenone, 4-hydroxy-echinenone, canthaxanthin and 3-bydroxy-canthaxanthin as follows:
β-carotene ?? isocryptoxanthin ?? echinenone ?? 4-hydroxy-echinenone ?? canthaxanthin ?? 3-hydroxy-canthaxanthin ?? astaxanthinView full abstractDownload PDF (359K) -
Sources of Bacteria Causing BrowningTatsuo KANAYAMA, Yatsuka FUJITA, Toshio MATSUDA1973 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 221-228
Published: February 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSources of bacterial contamination causing brown discoloration in fish jelly products during the manufacture and storage in factories were investigated. The properties of the browning bacteria and the reason for the occurrence of brown discoloration were also studied.
No browning bacteria were found among air-borne microorganisms nor on the surface of the machinery and other equipment in the factories where brown discoloration had occurred. However, two strains of browning bacteria were isolated from frozen fish pastes of Alaska pollack and pre-cooked raw material ready for making into fish jelly products.
UFF-15, one of the above two strains, was inentified as Achromobacter brunificans AJ 3230 which has been described by Ogawa et al, while the other strain, UFF-115, had different properties.View full abstractDownload PDF (447K) -
Identification of Browning Bacteria Isolated from Ground Raw Fish MeatYatsuka FUJITA, Tatsuo KANAYAMA1973 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 229-235
Published: February 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo strains of bacteria were isolated from ground raw fish meat. One of them was identified as Achromobacter brunificans, AJ-3230, which had already been described by Ogawa et al. The other strain, UFF-115, could be classified as a species of family Enterobacteriaceae by Bergey's manual (7th ed.), but it was impossible to identify the strain more specifically from the manual descriptions. However, the characteristics of the strain coincided for the most part with those of Serratia in TAYLOR's report. The G+C molar percentage of DNA in the strain was 57.8%, which coincides with that in Serratia.
Furthermore, its characteristics also coincided well with those of the standard specimens of Serratia marcescens supplied by the Institute of Applied Microbiology, Tokyo University. This evidence strongly supports identification of the strain as Serratia marcescens. Another interesting observation was that several other strains of S. marcescens supplied by IAM also produced the brown discoloration when they were inoculated onto fish jelly products. This brown discoloration which is characteristic of S. marcescens seems therefore to be rather common to Serratia strains.View full abstractDownload PDF (291K) -
Junsaku NONAKA, Chiaki KOIZUMI1973 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 237
Published: February 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (80K) -
Shigenobu ABE, Takashi KANEDA1973 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 239
Published: February 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (73K)
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