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Volume 39, Issue 4
Displaying 1-16 of 16 articles from this issue
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Fumio TAKASHIMA, Takashi HIBIYA, Takeshi WATANABE1973 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 335-341
Published: April 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLipid in the hepatoma of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, was analyzed histochemically, chemically and chromatographically. It was confirmed chemically that hepatic tumors contained a larger amount of lipids than the extra-nodular regions. Lipid included in the neoplastic cells appeared as a fine foam in paraffin-embedded sections and as droplets in frozen preparations. Triglycerides were the most prominent constituents in the lipid. Al-though ceroid pigments were recognized, they were not very abundant and could not be described as ceroidodsis.View full abstractDownload PDF (752K) -
Syuichi SAKAMOTO, Yasuo YONE1973 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 343-348
Published: April 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Dietary calcium and phosphorus content and the Ca/P ratio noticeably affect the growth rate and feed efficiency of red sea bream fingerlings.
2. The dietary Ca/P ratio, optimal at a 340mg% Ca level for the growth of the fingerl-ings, is about 1:2.
3. The Ca/P ratio of blood serum reflect that the best growth of fish is achieved when fed with a diet that has a Ca/P ratio of 1:2.View full abstractDownload PDF (301K) -
Changes in the Osmotic Pressure of Body Fluid in Pelagic Marine Fish Related to Their MaturityAr Jone CHU, Tasuku HANAOKA1973 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 349-355
Published: April 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSObservations were made on the temperature and chlorinity of the sea water, in which shoals of mackerel Scomber japonicus and Jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus were found. The freezing-point depression of the sera and the state of maturity in these species were also examined monthly for two years in the fishing grounds of the East China Sea.
In the course of migration, the osmotic pressure of body fluids rose significantly as the maturity of the fish progressed, showing a maximal value averaging 12 Atms. at the time of spawning. This value remained unchanged until the ripe eggs had been completely dis-appeared from the ovaries, but then dropped gradually to 6 Atms.
The osmotic pressure of the environmental sea water also varied to a certain extent (no more than 5%) corresponding to the change of that of body fluids. The difference between both osmotic pressures was reduced owing to a great increase in serum osmolality. The least difference occurred at spawning times. After spawning, however, the fish moved into waters of a constant osmotic pressure. They therefore migrated towards waters of higher chlorinity when the water temperature grew colder in the winter time. Hence, the difference between the osmotic pressures of the body fluid and the sea water returned to the original state.View full abstractDownload PDF (332K) -
Structure of Reproductive and Related Organs of a Foreign Barnacle, Balanus eburneus, that appears in Lake Kamo-ko, Sado IslandYoshiharu HONMA, Jun'ichi NAKAJIMA1973 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 357-365
Published: April 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHistological observations were made to elucidate the structure of the reproductive and other internal organs of the foreign barnacle, Balanus eburneus, which inhabits the bamboo-made rafts used for oyster cultivation in Lake Kamo-ko, a brackish lake located in Sado Island of the Japan Sea. The materials used were collected at monthly intervals during May to December, 1971.
The male genital organ consisting of the testis, seminal tubules, seminal vesicles and vas deferens, and its seasonal changes with special regard to the spermatogenesis are described. The ovary and its ovarioles that appear in an arborescent manner are mentioned, with a description of the developing ova and the larvae contained in the mantle cavity. It is believed that the breeding season might be in summer. Findings on the internal anatomy of the visceral organs are also stated.View full abstractDownload PDF (856K) -
Analytical Method for Triglyceride Composition of Fish LipidMasami MATSUI, Takeshi WATANABE, Nobuo IKEKAWA1973 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 367-373
Published: April 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSQuantitative and qualitative gas chromatography of triglycerides has been extended to fish lipids containing both odd and even carbon number fatty acids. A 50cm short glass column containing 2% OV-17 on 80/100 mesh Shimalite W gave good resolution of trigly-ceride peaks at a higher temperature, 280°-340°C. Qualitative analysis was found to be possible by using calibration factors determined by the internal normalization technique. The triglycerides of two fish oils (carp and rainbow trout), soybean oil and cod liver oil were analysed by this method. This method was also useful for determining the triglyceride compositions of other fish oils.View full abstractDownload PDF (286K) -
The Composition of TriglyceridesTakeshi WATANABE, Masami MATSUI, Fumio TAKASHIMA, Nobuo IKEKAWA1973 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 375-382
Published: April 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe triglyceride composition of carp fed an α-tocopherol deficient diet was determined directly by gas chromatography. Rainbow trout fed a vitamin E-free diet were also analysed in a limited comparison study. Carp muscle lipids showed triglyceride distribution from C-43 to C-56 and the dominant components in the control were C-50 to C-54 triglycerides, whereas those of the experimental group were the C-43 and C-45 triglycerides. Further-more, in the deficient carp, linoleic acid was absent in the muscle lipid. No significant difference between the control and experimental groups was observed in the triglyceride composition of rainbow trout.View full abstractDownload PDF (314K) -
The Isolation of Hypocholesterolemic Substance from Green LaverShigenobu ABE, Takashi KANEDA1973 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 383-389
Published: April 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo investigate the hypocholesterolemic constituents in green laver, Monostroma nitidum, several fractions were submitted to feeding experiments. A notable reducing effect on plasma cholesterol in rats was found in the basic fraction of water-extractives. The water-insoluble fraction showed the effect, more or less, though the ether-soluble fraction was ineffective.
Two effective fractions were separated from the basic fraction. In one fraction, besides an unidentified compound, arginine was detected and in the other fraction, glycine betaine and β-homobetaine were isolated. The latter has not been previously detected in the plant kingdom.View full abstractDownload PDF (337K) -
Effect of Betaines on Plasma and Liver Cholesterol LevelsShigenobu ABE, Takashi KANEDA1973 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 391-393
Published: April 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn a previous paper, we reported the presence of glycine betaine, β-homobetaine and of γ-butyrobetaine in the hypocholesterolemic fraction extracted from green and purple laver, respectively. In this study these betaines were synthesized and their hypocholes-terolemic effect was examined by a feeding experiment.
Among these betaines, only β-homobetaine could reduce plasma cholesterol. It was postulated to be one of the hypocholesterolemic agents in green laver. However, none of these betaines were effective in lowering liver cholesterol levels.View full abstractDownload PDF (146K) -
Jae-Hyeung PYEUNS, Kanehisa HASHKIMOTO, Fumio MATSUURA1973 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 395-402
Published: April 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe muscle of abalone was analyzed for protein composition with the following results: water-soluble protein, 22 %; salt-soluble protein, 34%; alkali-soluble protein, 20%; and stroma, 24%. On sedimentation analysis, approximately 65% of the salt-soluble protein was accounted for by paramyosin.
An ultracentrifugally homogeneous paramyosin was prepared essentially according to BAILEY's ethanol-dried method. It showed a s020, W of 3.14 S and was completely salted in with KCI beyond 0.35μ. The intrinsic viscosity at 25°C was estimated at 3.1dl/g. The paramyosin was rich in arginine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid, but did not contain proline or tryptophan, in rough accord with previous reports on other paramyosins.
The abalone paramyosin showed little ATPase activity over the pH range examined, 5 through 9.5, irrespective of the presence of Ca++ or Mg++. This was also the case with the paramyosin prepared by a slightly modified BAILEY's wet-extraction method.View full abstractDownload PDF (775K) -
Atsushi IIDA, Yutaka TANAKA, Mitsuzo TAKAGI1973 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 403-410
Published: April 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present authors detected the intracellular haemolysin of strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and related organisms. The washed cells of each strain were separated respectively into water soluble and water insoluble fractions by water extraction ro by freezing-thawing plus water extraction. From some of these preparations, the F2 fraction containing a thermostable haemolysin described by SAKAZAKI and TAMURA was also prepared. Quantitative estimation of haemolytic activity was done by closely spaced dilution of preparations.
The results are summarized as follows. (1) Among the preparations of the Kana-gawa phenomenon-positive strains, the water insoluble fractions showed haemolytic activity, while both the washed cells and the water soluble fractions did not. (2) The haemolytic activity of the water insoluble fractions prepared from the strains tested was correlated with the degree of haemolysis in the Kanagawa phenomenon test. (3) The thermostable haemolysin described by SAKAZAKI and TAMURA was found in all the strains tested regardless of the result of the Kanagawa phenomenon test, and also in the water insoluble fractions but not in the soluble ones.View full abstractDownload PDF (760K) -
Expression of Lipid Hydrolysis an Oxidation in Jack Mackerel Muscle Based on Decrease in C22:6 acidToshihiko SHONO, Masamichi TOYOMIZU1973 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 411-416
Published: April 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to elucidate lipid alterations in jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus muscle during storage at 0°C, lipids were extracted at 0-20 days, fractionated into neutral lipid (NL), free fatty acid (FFA) and phospholipid (PL) by the method of MCCARTHY and DUTHIE, and examined in detail for fatty acids by GLC using n-octadecane as an internal standard.
Lipid alterations were expressed as the decrease in C22:6 acid. Hydrolysis of NL and PL by lipolytic enzymes was expressed as the decrease in the calculated C22:6 content of each lipid. This was based on the hypothesis that C22:6 changes at the same rate as C16:0 acid. Oxidation of NL and PL before hydrolysis was expressed as the difference between the calculated and the determined C22:6 contents: namely, the decrease in C22:6 content caused by C22:6 acid decreasing at a higher rate than C16:0 acid. On the other hand, oxidation of FFA was expressed as the difference between the sum of initial plus hydrolytically released C22:6 acid and the determined acid content: i. e. the decrease in C22:6 content due to oxidation of FFA.View full abstractDownload PDF (339K) -
Lipid Alteration Pattern in Jack Mackerel MuscleToshihiko SHONO, Masamichi TOYOMIZU1973 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 417-421
Published: April 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLipid alterations in jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus muscle during cold storage at 5° ?? -25°C were investigated by following the periodic decrease of C22:6 acid in each lipid (fractionated by the modified MCCARTHY and DUTHIE'S method).
Lipids were subject to hydrolysis by lipolytic enzymes and to oxidation. Generally, phospholipid (PL) underwent considerably more severe hydrolysis and oxidation than neutral lipid (NL), and oxidation of free fatty acid (FFA) was the most severe. These findings indicated that enzymatic hydrolysis of PL and NL plays a significant role not only in FFA formation but also in the oxidation of FFA. Moreover, it was perceived that this pattern of lipid alteration had no correlation to the lipid content of muscle nor to the positional difference of muscle.
Reducing the temperatures of storage effectively inhibited lipid hydrolysis and oxi-dation, and at -25°C hydrolysis and oxidation of PL were preferentially inhibited while mild oxidation of FFA took place.View full abstractDownload PDF (167K) -
The Quantitative Extent of Laver Injury on Refrigeration and Treatments for Freeze-Preservation of Picked Lavers.Tatsuo FUJIKAWA1973 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 423-434
Published: April 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe conditions necessary for the freeze-preservation of picked lavers were investi-gated and, simultaneously, a method of estimating the degree of injury caused to laver thalli on refrigeration was examined.
1) The increase of injury to laver thalli during freeze-preservation can be estimated quantitatively by the decrease of Rchl or Rcar, which are the respective ratios of the quantity of chlorophyll or carotenoid after freeze-preservation to the quantity of chlorophyll or carotenoid before freeze-preservation. However, inasmuch as these ratios were occasionally elevated somewhat prior to decreasing, this method should be used with caution.
2) The freeze-preservastion of lavers is improved by diminishing the water content of picked lavers. The salt components must be physiologically balanced when dehydration in hypertonic solution (pre-treatment solution) is performed. The optimum concentration of salts in this case varies with the volume of the pre-treatment solution remaining in the picked lavers. When air-drying is included in. the process, the optimum concentration of the pre-treatment solution is that of artificial sea water, and the range of usable concentrations is wider.
3) Saccharose acts as a protective agent against freezing injury when a large volume of pre-treatment solution remains between the laver thalli, and the action is maximal at a concentration of 20w/v%. This protective action rarely occurs however when the volume of pre-treatment solution left after pressing is low.
4) Protective agents other than saccharose were not found in this experiment.
5) The practicability of blanching could not be recognized.View full abstractDownload PDF (795K) -
A Practical Method for the Freeze-Preservation of Picked Lavers.Tatsuo FUJIKAWA1973 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 435-447
Published: April 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFollowing the previous paper, conditions necessary for the freeze-preservation of picked lavers were examined by orthogonal array.
1) Artificial sea water served best as a pre-treatment solution for immersion treatment, followed by natural sea water.
2) When the water content of lavers is reduced to 80-83% by pressing out pre-treatment solution, any further reduction by air drying is unnecessary and the addition of saccharose or other protective agents is also ineffective against freezing injury. The use or non-use of air drying or protective agents must be determined by the need to compensate for any deficiencies in pre-treatment and by economic concerns.
3) Freeze-preservation was more effective at lower temperatures in the range from 0°C to -25°C.
4) Interactions other than those between added saccharose and sea water could not be recognized within the range of factors selected for this experiment at the levels studied.
5) It was clarified that when picked lavers were subjected to the comparatively simpler conditions of the following operation, that is, immersion in artificial sea water, complete removal of pre-treatment solution, and freeze-preservation at a sufficiently low temperature (-25°C) while preventing excessive drying, deterioration of the dried laver product was detained; within the zero or half class even after 2 months refrigeration.View full abstractDownload PDF (791K) -
Katsuhiko YOSHIYASU1973 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 449-459
Published: April 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe Hb's of some Oncorhynchus and Salvelinus fishes inhabiting in Northeast Japan were analyzed by starch-gel electrophoresis with the following results.
1. Hb pattern of “suginoko”, an Oncorhynchus fish, is not so fixed as in ordinary “yamame”, and hence it may be said that “suginoko” is less differentiated in Hb evolution, compared to ordinary “yamame” as NAKAMURA et al.3) have proposed, it is reasonable taxonomically to classify “suginko” as one type of “yamame”.
2. The theory that genus Salvelinus fishes in Japan can be broadly divided into “oshorokoma”, Dolly Varden Salv. malma and “iwana”, Japanese char Saly. leucomaenis including “amemasu”, “kirikuchi”, “kogi” and “tanburi“, the theory initially presented by IMANISHI8) and later supported by the present author, both on the basis of the clines of some biological characters, were substantiated here by the analysis of Hb's from several Salv. fishes. Incidentally, “miyabe-iwana”, a Salvelinus fish showed a unique Hb pattern, suggesting the occurrence of a kind of Hb evolution.
3. From analytical results with the Hb's from the river- and lacustrine-form salmonid fish as reported previously1, 2) and here, it could be said that with a few exceptions, there is a parallelism between the tendency of decrease in Hb components and the direction of evolution.View full abstractDownload PDF (729K) -
Distribution of Glucose-6-phosphate DehydrogenaseSadao SHIMENO, Masahiko TAKEDA1973 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 461-466
Published: April 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGlucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities in various fish organs, in the livers of various fish species, and in the subcellular components of fish liver were assayed in order to elucidate the distribution of the enzyme in fishes.
High levels of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity were found in liver, and low values in kidney and digestive tract, while the activity was scarcely detectable in heart tissue, ordinary and dark meats.
All the fish livers tested contained the enzyme activity, though the levels of the activity were variable according to the species of fish,
In the subcellular components of yellowtail liver, high specific activity was found in the supernatant fraction, in which 93.4% of the total activity was present.View full abstractDownload PDF (301K)
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