巻号一覧
39 巻, 6 号
選択された号の論文の17件中1～17を表示しています
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山本 喜一郎, 長浜 嘉孝1973 年 39 巻 6 号 p. 585-594
発行日: 1973/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn the adenohypophysis of cultivated male Japanese eels, eight cell types (prolactin-, ACTH-, TSH-, STH- and GTH-cells in addition to two kinds of meta-adenohypophysial cells and chromophobic cells) were identified by both light- and electron-microscope.
In fresh-water fish, prolactin cells which occupy the major part of the pre-adenohypophysis and are arranged in the form of follicles, contain many secretory granules and highly develop-ed rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi systems. STH cells occupy the major part of the meso-adenohypophysis and are strongly stained by azocarmine G. GTH cells are small in size and number, and are slightly stained by aniline blue and aldehyde fuchsin.
After transfer to sea water, prolactin cells became reduced in size, and the staining affinity and cellular organelles were regressed. TSH cells increased in staining affinity and its secretory granules became enlarged. A third meta-adenohypophysial cell was also encountered.
On the other hand, in the pituitary of the sea water eel induced to maturation by Syna-horin injection, the meso-adenohypophysis became very enlarged. GTH cells increased in size, number and staining affinity for basic dyes. Ultrastructurally, two kinds of secretory granules, i.e. electron-dense smaller granules and less electron-dense larger granules were found. On the contrary, STH cells which were active in immature fish, were regressed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1227K) -
山根 伸一1973 年 39 巻 6 号 p. 595-603
発行日: 1973/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe purpose of this study is to detect the localization of amylase activity of fish which are possessed of the stomach or both the stomach and the pyloric caeca by a starch substrate film method, and to make clear the question whether other organs than the pancreas are concerned with the secretion of amylase. In Mozambique mouthbrooder amylolytic activity was found in the pancreatic exocrine tissues, at the luminal surfaces and the lumen of the intestine, and at the outer- and outside of the tracts of the stomach and the intestine. In bluegill the activity was found also in the pancreatic exocrine tissues; at the luminal surfaces and the lumen of the esophagus, the stomach, the pyloric caeca and the intestine; and at the outer- and outside of the wall of the pyloric caeca and the intestine. In both the examined species the mucosa and submucosa showed to be amylase-negative throughout the digestive tract. In sections of the pyloric caeca of bluegill and of the intestine of both species, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, pancreatic ramifications were found to be embedded in or adhere to the wall of the tracts. From the present evidences it seems that amylase production is confined to the pancreatic exocrine cells alone and the mucosal epithelial cells of the digestive tract are not associated with production or secretion of amylase. The present results are accordant with those obtained for the carp, a stomachless fish, which was earlier examined.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (773K) -
釣鈎の装着方法と餌サンマの切断力について山口 裕一郎, 小林 裕1973 年 39 巻 6 号 p. 605-609
発行日: 1973/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn the previous paper the breaking strength of a saury torn off from the hook of the tuna long line was studied.
It was shown in the first investigation that the breaking positions of the bait were at two points. One of them was the forehead, which was broken lengthwise, and the other was the neck. And the breaking strength of the former was smaller than that of the latter. In the case of tuna fishing, keeping the bait from falling off the hook is an essential condition to a good catch. Moreover, it is necessary for that purpose to increase the breaking strength of the bait. In the second investigation the breaking strength was measured by using different sticking methods. The methods adopted were as follows:
1. “Shallow” Sticking (i.e. stuck at the center of the head)
2. “Deep” Sticking (i.e. stuck at the back part of the cranium)
3. “Horizontal” Sticking
The breaking strength of the bait with increased soaking time was measured by the above three methods. The largest breaking strength was obtained by “Deep” Sticking. That a bait is hard to fall off the hook is one thing, and it is quite another that the mouth of a fish can be hooked easily. The interrelation between the two is an important problem for us to solve.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (210K) -
江草 周三, 広瀬 一美1973 年 39 巻 6 号 p. 611-616
発行日: 1973/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーInvestigations were made on the sex ratio of European eels, Anguilla anguilla (L.), cultured on a commercial scale in fresh-water and salt water ponds.
The following results were obtained:
1) No definite difference in sex ratio was observed between eels in freshwater ponds and those in salt water ponds.
2) The percentage of males based on examinations of 611 eels obtained from 3 eel farms including one reported in a previous paper was 92.4% for eels 30.0 to 39.9cm long, 56.0% for those 40.0 to 49.9cm long, and 0% for those over 50.0cm long.
3) Evidence was obtained which suggested that the growth rate of eels in culture ponds did not differ between the sexes until they reached about 40cm in length. Considering that growth rate becomes markedly different between the sexes in fish over 40cm, that sexes can be distinguished clearly in eels over 30cm, and that eels over 40cm are harvested, it seems that the sex ratio of pond-cultured eels is best determined with fish 30 to 40cm long. Hence the percentage of males in pond-cultured European eels was taken as 92.4%.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (322K) -
米田 国三郎, 斎藤 昭二1973 年 39 巻 6 号 p. 617-624
発行日: 1973/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIt has been known that the large-sized albacore appear in the western South Pacific Ocean during summer, and its hooked depth is generally deeper than the other tunas. How-ever, there are many unknown facts which are related to differences in the biological charac-teristics of albacore at various swimming depths.
The authors studied the albacore and its vertical distribution, using data collected by means of the long-line and the vertical long-line.
The results are summarized as follows:
1) Length frequency distribution of the albacore showed similarities for every year.
2) Most of the fish were mature during the season in this area.
3) The sex ratio is nearly ?? 3: ?? 7 for every year.
4) The albacore inhabited over a wide range in the vertical zone, and it was not related to the growing stage. However, it seemed that mature fish tend to be distributed in the deeper water layers.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (362K) -
コイ筋肉アクトミオシンATP-aseの加熱変性について新井 健一, 福田 道代1973 年 39 巻 6 号 p. 625-631
発行日: 1973/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe effect of temperature on the denaturation of actomyosin prepared from carp dorsal muscle was investigated by measurement of Ca2+-ATPase activity and solubilities.
Factors involved in the denaturation, which are salt (KC1) concentration, pH of the solution and the presence of sugar compounds, were tested.
1. The denaturation of actomyosin ATPase by incubation at 35°C proceeded at a uniform rate as protein concentration increased above 5 mg/ml, while it accerelated as the protein concentration decreased below 4 mg/ml.
2. To obtain a uniform protecting effect of sugar compounds on the denaturation of actomyosin ATPase by incubation at 35°C, it was necessary to add sugar compounds as 20 times the actmyosin content on a weight basis.
3. The protecting effect of sorbitol on the denaturation of actomyosin ATPase by incubation at 35°C was higher than that of sucrose at all KCI concentrations and the effect of sorbitol increased at lower KCI concentrations. Conversely, the effect of sucrose on the denaturation decreased at lower KCI concentration after prolonged incubation.
4. In comparing the protecting effect of some sugar compounds on the denaturation of actomyosin ATPase in 0.6 M KCI, pH 6.8 by incubation at 35°C, no marked differences were found with sorbitol, xylitol, glucose, and mannitol but the effect of sucrose was slightly inferior.
5. The first order rate constant of denaturation of carp actomyosin ATPase in 0.6 M KCI -20 mM Tris-maleate solution at 35°C was found to be 1.44×10-4. sec-1 at pH 6 and 0.44 ×10-4. sec-1 at pH 7 and 8, respectively. An efficient protective effect of sorbitol on the denaturation of actomyosin ATPase was observed at pH 7 as well as pH 8, while the effect at pH 6 was found to be inferior.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (466K) -
コイの酢酸-U-14C およびL-アラニン-U-14C 代謝におよぼす飼料組成の影響永井 正徳, 池田 静徳1973 年 39 巻 6 号 p. 633-643
発行日: 1973/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe metabolism of acetate-U-14C and L-alanine-U-14C in carp was investigated.
On feeding a high carbohydrate diet, incorporation of radioactive carbon from these labeled compounds into hepatopancreatic lipid was decreased, whereas 14CO2 evolution was increased. The condensing enzyme activity was also depressed. The reverse of these phenomena was observed on feeding a high protein diet. Gluconeogenesis appeared to proceed more from 14C-alanine than from 14C-acetate. GPT and GOT activities were almost equal, regardless of dietary conditions. However, G6Pase activity increased with an increase in dietary protein.
The results obtained suggest that the glycolytic activity of carp is not contributive enough to synthesize lipid. The precursor for lipogenesis seems to be citrate formed when amino acids are actively metabolized through the TCA cycle. The energy-utilization form of normal carp seems to resemble that of diabetic animals. Possible relationships between carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism and the inferiority of carbohydrate as an energy source in carp are discussed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (677K) -
鴻巣 章二, 渡辺 勝子1973 年 39 巻 6 号 p. 645-648
発行日: 1973/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA fairly large amount of a betaine slightly differing from glycine betaine was detected in the extract of the adductor muscle of fan-mussel, Atrina pectinata japonica. It was isolated by ion-exchange column chromatography using Dowex 50-X12, AG 50W-X12, Amberlite IRA-400, and Amberlite IRC-50 and identified as β-alanine betaine (β-homobetaine) on the basis of elementary analysis and NMR and IR spectral studies of its hydrochloride. The isolated and synthesized specimens showed an unequivocal agreement in melting points, Rf values in TLC, and IR spectra. The possibility of a wide distribution of the betaine in aquatic organisms is discussed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (193K) -
コイにおける飼料蛋白質の見かけの消化率および真の消化率荻野 珍吉, 陳 茂松1973 年 39 巻 6 号 p. 649-651
発行日: 1973/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe purpose of the present study is to elucidate the relationship between the amount of nitrogen ingested by carp and the apparent digestibility or the true digestibility of dietary proteins. The method of fecal collection and quantitative determination of metabolic fecal nitrogen excretion of carp reported in the previous paper was adopted. The true digestibility of dietary proteins manifested no appreciable change regardless of the nitrogen intake of the fish, while the apparent digestibility changed at levels of low nitrogen intake. The difference between true digestibility and apparent digestibility was noticeable at levels of nitrogen intake below 100mg per 100g of weight per day. The true digestibilities of dietary proteins determined in carp showed high values exceeding 90% in all samples.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (167K) -
かまぼこの足とテクスチュラル・パラミータ値との相関高木 一郎, 渡辺 仁志1973 年 39 巻 6 号 p. 653-659
発行日: 1973/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーUsing a texturometer with a BsBMI plunger of 5.0mm diameter, the correlative rela-tions between the textural parameters intensity and the strength of ashi of kamaboko were studied.
The textural parameters, such as hardness, cohesiveness, chewiness and gumminess, showed positive correlation with the strength of ashi except for adhesiveness which was negative.
Remarkably, the correlation between gumminess and the strength of ashi was the most significant, i.e., the correlation coefficient was 0.93. The regression line on the scatter diagram was formulated as follows:
As=(0.014Gu-2.5),
where As is the sensory evaluation of the strength of ashi and Gu is the instrumental value for gumminess.
The relations between these textural parameters intensity and some fundamental physical properties were also discussed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (342K) -
超低周波領域におけるかまぼこの動的粘弾性高木 一郎1973 年 39 巻 6 号 p. 661-665
発行日: 1973/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe frequency dependence of the dynamic viscoelastic properties of kamaboko, such as storage rigidity, loss rigidity, dynamic viscosity and dissipation factor, was determined in the very-low range of oscillation with a modified PLAZEK'S damped free oscillation apparatus at 25°C.
The tensile toughness of kamaboko (i.e. the strength of ashi of kamaboko) was inversely proportional to the dissipation factor at all applied frequencies.
The difference between the network structures of kamaboko and the elastic rubers was also discussed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (261K) -
マグロ肉抽出液中のメトミオグロビン還元酵素活性測定方法山中 英明, 高見沢 光子, 天野 慶之1973 年 39 巻 6 号 p. 667-671
発行日: 1973/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn order to elucidate the relation between the colour of tuna meat and the activity of metmyoglobin reductase, a method for measuring its activity was examined using an extract prepared from big-eye tuna meat.
The most convenient method was found to be one in which the reductase activity is calculated from the ratio of the optical density at 406 mμ (SORET maximum of metmyoglobin) to that at 415 mμ (SORET maximum of oxymyoglobin). It was demonstrated from absorp-tion spectra that the enzymatic reduction of metmyoglobin is accelerated by the removal of oxygen. As to the intracellular localization of the enzyme, it was suggested that it is not attached to particulates such as mitochondria, but is rather a fraction of myogen.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (265K) -
凍結貯蔵中ならびに解凍後の変化山中 英明, 高見沢 光子, 天野 慶之1973 年 39 巻 6 号 p. 673-681
発行日: 1973/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe changes in the activity of metmyoglobin reductase during frozen-storage and sub-sequent thawing of big-eye tuna meat were examined in order to elucidate whether the activity of metmyoglobin reductase is useful as an index in quality testing, especially in the evaluation of the colour of frozen-stored big-eye tuna meat, and also whether the prediction of the colour of meat after thawing is possible.
During frozen-storage at -20°C the activity of metmyoglobin reductase decreased rapidly with marked formation of metmyoglobin. On the other hand at -30°C and -40°C the decrease in the activity was not so large and the red colour of meat was satisfactorily retained. The activity decreased remarkably during thawing and storage at 3°C for 18 hr in the tuna meat stored at -20°C and -30°C, but not in the meat stored at -40°C. In the former meat samples, the formation of metmyoglobin in the course of thawing and subsequent storage was remarkable. These results suggest that the activity of metmyo-globin reductase could be a useful index in the quality evaluation of tuna meat, especially in respect of the colour.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (460K) -
永山 文男, 川村 正彦1973 年 39 巻 6 号 p. 683-687
発行日: 1973/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe tissue extracts of the Pacific mackerel contain the activity of threonine aldolase (E. C. 4. 1. 2. 5) which produces acetaldehyde from L-threonine. Among the tissues examined, the liver showed the strongest activity forming 27.9 μmole per hr per g protein in the 0.3-0.5 ammonium sulfate-fraction. The optimum pH for the enzyme activity was approximately 7.0. The Km values for L-threonine at pH 7.0 and 7.6 were estimated to be 2.69 and 2.81 mM, respectively. For pyridoxal phosphate, the coenzyme, Km was 18.4 μM at pH 7.0. D-Threonine served neither as substrate nor as inhibitor for this enzyme. Both L-serine, an analogue of the substrate, and glycine, a product of the enzyme reaction, inhibited the enzyme activity. The action of L-serine was considered to be typical competitive inhibition, and the Ki was 2.9mM. The Ki for glycine was calculated to be 6.2 mM on the assumption that its action is competitive.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (240K) -
清水 潮, 金子 恵美子1973 年 39 巻 6 号 p. 689-703
発行日: 1973/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーOne hundred and fourteen strains of Vibrio and allied genera, including 9 strains from sea water, 58 strains from normal marine fish and 28 strains from diseased fish and shell-fish were submitted to morphological, cultural and biochemical examinations. The results were scroed as 190 two-states features, and phenotypical similarity between strains was calculated adopting the simple matching coefficient of SOKAL and MICHENER. The mutual relationships among the strains were analysed by hierarchical clusterings on the similarity values and by examining the homogeneity of populations by the method of ROGERS and TANIMOTO. Both analyses revealed two large, distinct phenons, phenon 1 and 2, both of which could be regarded as species. Phenon I comprised most strains from diseased fish and shell-fish, besides standard strains of V. parahaemolyticus and V. alginolyticus. Their reactions on sucrose fermenta-tion and VP tests were various. Phenon 2 was composed mostly of strains from intestines, gills and luminous organs of normal fish. This phenon corresponded to Photobacterium phosphoreum that was recently redescribed by HENDRIE et al., but less than a fifth of the strains of the phenon were luminescent.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1312K) -
石尾 真弥, 大庭 信良, 田中 淑人, 田所尚 二郎1973 年 39 巻 6 号 p. 705-712
発行日: 1973/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーAriake Bay has been polluted by cadmium from the wastes of zinc metallurgical plants of Ohmuta city. Analyses of cadmium content revealed that contamination of bottom mud was developing anticlockwise from the river mouth of Ohmuta to almost all waters in this bay. The cadmium content in the dry mud ranged from 0.4 to 15ppm. Based on an upper safety limit of 0.3mg/day/person of cadmium, it was calculated that the intake of shucked blood clams should be restricted to 90-300 g/day/person. On the other hand, no cadmium was detected substantially in fish flesh and was therefore considered harmless. The content of cadmium in Porphyra tenera ranged from 0.3 to 4 ppm dry matter. This suggests no cause for concern, because the quantity of this alga taken as food in a day is not sufficient to result in a large intake of cadmium.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (522K) -
1973 年 39 巻 6 号 p. 714
発行日: 1973年
公開日: 2008/04/22
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (18K)
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