巻号一覧
39 巻, 7 号
選択された号の論文の18件中1～18を表示しています
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川村 軍蔵, 田村 保1973 年 39 巻 7 号 p. 715-726
発行日: 1973/07/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe retina of two teleosts, S. tapeinocephalus and H. poecilopterus, having comparatively different behaviours, were compared morphologically, and the following results were obtained.
1. Both twin and single cones were found in the retina of S. tapeinocephalus, while only single cones were obscrved in the retina of H. poecilopterus.
2. The topographical specialization of the retina was higher in H. poecilopterus than in and S. tapeinocephalus, havingcomparatively, and a well-developed area centralis was found not only in the dorsotemporal retinal region but also at the bottom. It is believed that the retina of S. tapeino-cephalus is more advantageous for the movement perception than that of H. poecilopterus. for which visual acuity is more important than movement perception.
3. Numerical relationship of various cells, such as bipolar, amacrine, horizontal and ganglion cells, to the cones was studied in each region of the retina, and it was found that such cells were most numerous in the region of hgih cone density.
4. The functional significance of the retinal elements and of the cone mosaic are discussed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1747K) -
Md. Aminul ISLAM, Yukio NOSE, Fujio YASUDA1973 年 39 巻 7 号 p. 727-739
発行日: 1973/07/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリー1) Number and distribution pattern of the black spots in some definite areas of body surface of 1, 394 specimens of rainbow trout were surveyed from six hatcheries in Honshu, Japan during the time from 1969-1971.
2) Number of spots showed a definite increasing tendency with less variation in specimens below about 30cm in body length (about 500g in body weihgt). The variation was very wide without a definite increasing tendency in specimens beyond that size.
3) Concentration of the anaesthetics (Urethane and MS-222) and the anaesthetic time did not have any considerable effect on the number of spots. 10 percent formalin did not have any effect either. Number of spots was found independent of sexes and side of body.
4) A maximum variation was observed in the number of spots in area B which was polymodal in nature. Modes were situated at or very close to the same locations in all the hatcheries.
5) Interhatchery variation was observed in the number of spots in area B. Hiruzen exhibited higher average number of spots than the other hatcheries, where the eggs were introduced recently from U. S. under the name “steelhead”. Number of spots was less in Akashina, Okutama and Oizumi while intermediate in Fujinomiya and Nikko.
6) Annual variation did not seem to occur in the number of spots in area B, but a significant difference was observed in the average number of spots within a particular spawning season at the Okutama hatchery. Early spawning group exhibited higher average number of spots than the mid and the late spawning groups.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (791K) -
Md. Aminul ISLAM, Yukio NOSE, Fujio YASUDA1973 年 39 巻 7 号 p. 741-751
発行日: 1973/07/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリー1) Total weight of eggs, number of eggs, egg diameter, gonad index and their relationships with the period of spawning season were surveyed in 700 specimens of rainbow trout from six hatcheries in Honshu, Japan during the time from 1969-1971.
2) Linear relationship was observed between body weight and total weight of eggs, number of eggs, egg diameter. Egg diameter was almost independent of body weight in age group 4. Smaller specimens (both in age and in size) showed higher values of regression coefficients in all the characters.
3) Majority of the surveyed hatcheries did not show any annual variation though all the surveyed characters were found to vary over a range in every hatchery.
4) Interbatchery variation was observed in all the characters. Akashina and Okutama exhibited higher values of total weight of eggs, number of eggs and gonad index while Hiruzen exhibited higher values of egg diameter. Fujinomiya also exhibited higher values of total weight of eggs but the gonad index became less as the specimens were extraordinarily larger.
5) Total weight and number of eggs were found to vary in the early, mid and late spawning groups of the Okutama hatchery. Late spawning group exhibited higher values followed by the mid and the early spawning groups.
Except Oizumi, hatcheries exhibiting lower values of the number of spots in area B (reported in the previous paper4)) showed higher values of total weight of eggs, gonad index and number of eggs. Hiruzen exhibited maximum values of the number of spots and egg diameter. All the characters exhibited intermediate values in Nikko while lower values in Oizumi.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (634K) -
森 勇, 徳永 武雄, 桑岡 亦好, 藤木 哲夫1973 年 39 巻 7 号 p. 753-758
発行日: 1973/07/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn accordance to findings on dissolved oxygen distribution in the bottom layer of Omura Bay, trawl fishing was conducted by using a “kogata-sokobiki” type net, and the following results were obtained.
Oxygen distributions affect the distribution of bottom living organisms and an oxygen content lower than 1 ml/l appeared to be an extremely unfavourable environment for such organisms.
Bottom living organisms for the most part lost their activity and died massively. Those that could avoid the low oxygen environment aggregated toward better conditioned environ-ment and formed the fishing area.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (306K) -
高橋 豊美, 上野 元一, 島崎 健二1973 年 39 巻 7 号 p. 759-764
発行日: 1973/07/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThough many biological studies have been made on the commercial-sized herring, Clupea harengus pallasi, in the northern part of the Okhotsk Sea in summer, knowledge on the dis-tribution and biological characteristics of the juvenile in the same period is inadequate even today. The authors studied informations obtained from the measurements of about 2400 samples. The samples were obtained by surface gill nets, varying in mesh size from 30mm to 82mm, used for capturing juvenile salmon, and the samplings were conducted on the research vessel “Oyashio Maru” in the northern part of the Okhotsk Sea from August 17 to September 3, 1971.
The results obtained are summarized as follows:
1) The shoals, composed of middle and large-sized fish (20-33cm) were found in the area off the Koni Peninsula, the small-sized fish (12-15cm) in the area off the Okhotsk, and the medium-sized fish (18-26cm) in the area off the Ayan. The area, where each shoal appears, seems to vary yearly.
2) The fish of 2-3 age were observed in comparative warm waters (13-14°C) in 1971, 12-13°C in 1970 (Unpublished data).
3) Samples of the 4 age, caught in the area off the Ayan, were smaller in their average fork length, and heavier in the ratio of body weight to fork length, and higher in the mean maturity index {gonad weight×102/(body weight-gonad weight)} than those from the area off the Koni Peninsula. There is a possibility that the fish in the area off the Ayan may not belong to the Okhotsk population.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (367K) -
メトピロンのゴナドトロピンおよびコチゾールによるメダカの生体外排卵への影響について広瀬 慶二1973 年 39 巻 7 号 p. 765-769
発行日: 1973/07/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThis investigation was carried out to asertain whether corticosteroidogenesis in the follicular tissues is required for gonadotropin-induced ovulation of the Oryzias oocyte. A specific inhibitor (SU- 4885) of 11β-hydroxylase resulted in inhibition of gonadt tropin-induced ovulation but did not affect ovulation induced by cortisol. Furthermore, it was shown that prior exposure of oocytes to metopirone reduced the response of the oocytes to gonadotropin but ovulation induced by cortisol was not affected by the prior treatment. These results suggest that an inhibition of corticosteroidogenesis prevents ovulation and prior treatment 2 hours in advance is the period necessary for corticosteroidogenesis in the follicular tissues in Oryzias oocyte.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (312K) -
ノリ赤腐病菌の栄養生理について加藤 盛, 渡辺 競, 佐藤 陽一1973 年 39 巻 7 号 p. 771-775
発行日: 1973/07/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe present paper deals with the results of studies on the nutritional behavior of the pathogenic fungus of the red wasting disease of Nori. The fungus was isolated from diseased fronds obtained from Matsushima bay.
1) The mycelial growth of the fungus was very poor on any of the CZAPECK's, HOPKINS's and RECHARD's media containing inorganic nitrogen source.
2) Amino acids were utilized well by this fungus as their nitrogen source. Of these amino acids, acidic amino acids were the most favoured. Inorganic nitrogen compounds were generally unsuitable as nitrogen source for mycelial growth.
3) For the carbon source, starch, sucrose and xylan were utilized fairly well by this fungus. Above all, starch gave the best growth of mycelium.
4) This fungus was auxoautotrophic to tested growth factors. For growth, this fungus does not appear to need a specific growth factor.
5) The range of the optimal concentration of NaCl for mycelial growth was narrow. Mycelial growth decreased significantly with the concentration of NaCl reaching above 2 percent.
6) From these experiments, it was concluded that the composition of the synthetic liquid medium suitable for the culture of Pythiu, n porphyrae is: glutamic acid, 2g; K2HPO4, 1g; KCl, 0.5g; MgSO4 7H2O, 0.5g; FeSO4 7H2O, 0.01g; soluble starch, 20g (or sucrose, 30g; xylan, 10g); dist. water, 1 liter; pH 7.0-8.0.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (309K) -
かまぼこの緩和弾性率の筋原繊維たんぱく濃度依存性高木 一郎1973 年 39 巻 7 号 p. 777-781
発行日: 1973/07/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe dependence of the reduced tensile stress relaxation moduli on the concentration of myofinrillar proteins in kamaboko was studied. The results were analysed as follows:
1) Although kamaboko is an irreversible hydrogel formed by heat denaturation and contains some proteins other than the myofibrillar proteins, the dependence of its equi-librium and instantaneous moduli on the concentration of myofibrillar proteins can be ex-pressed by the respective equations:
log E(∞)=log a∞+ b∞; log C, log E(O) = log a0 + b0 log C. 2) By comparing the relaxation moduli for kamaboko prepared from fish muscle with water soluble protein extensively removed and those for kamaboko prepared from fish muscle with soluble protein retained, the following information was obtained.
Myofibrillar proteins are distinctive components of the stable cross-linked network in kamaboko.
When brayed fish muscle is heated, it changes into a rubber-like kamaboko in which cross-linkings and entanglements are formed. However, dense entanglements between network segments which are loosened in the earlier time scale of stress relaxation are ob-structed when water soluble protein coexists with the network-forming proteins.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (268K) -
かまぼこの足と緩和時間分布関数との関係高木 一郎1973 年 39 巻 7 号 p. 783-786
発行日: 1973/07/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe tensile relaxation modulus reduced to 25°C in the time scale range from 3×10-2 sec to 1 ×106 sec was determined, and the relaxation spectrum was calculated for kamaboko.
A comparison of the relaxation spectra for various kamaboko varying in tensile tough-ness (i.e., the strength of ashi) gives the following information: (1) There is a very good parallelism between the magnitude of tensile toughness and the absolute value of the dif-ferential coefficient of the relaxation spectrum at 1×10-1 sec of relaxation time. (2) There is also good parallelism between the magnitude of tensile toughness and the width of the distribution range of the relaxation times of Maxwell units which are able to relax under applied strain.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (214K) -
永山 文男, 山本 進1973 年 39 巻 7 号 p. 787-790
発行日: 1973/07/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe enzyme activity which produces formaldehyde from L-serine was found in the liver of several fish species. The enzyme was recognized as serine hydroxymethyltransferase (E. C. 2. 1. 2. 1) which catalyzes the reaction, L-serine + tetrahydrofolate ?? glycine + methylenetetrahydrofolate + H20; (methylenetetrahydrofolate then liberates formaldehyde non-enzymatically). The enzyme requires pyridoxal phosphate as an activator. The optimum pH of the mackerel liver enzyme was about 7, and the Km values for L-serine and glycine were estimated to be 5.6 and 3.7 mm, respectively.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (394K) -
中村 孝, 吉武 和人, 豊水 正道1973 年 39 巻 7 号 p. 791-796
発行日: 1973/07/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn order to study the role of nitrogenous compounds in the rusting of foods, VBN and Non-VBN fractions prepared from Jack Mackerel (Trachurus japonicus) muscle were shaken with autoxidized fatty acid methyl esters at 45°C. The solubility of the discolored products and the contribution of each fraction to the discoloration were studied.
In the case of the reaction between VBN and autoxidized fatty acid methyl esters, nearly all of the discolored substances were lipophilic, whereas in the case of Non-VBN they were hydrophilic and lipophilic. On the basis of the observed effects of basic nitrogen amount, of the autoxidation degree of the fatty acid methyl esters, and of pH on the discoloration, it was assumed that Non-VBN compounds play an important role in the discoloration of foods.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (367K) -
コイにおける飼料蛋白質の生物価について荻野 珍吉, 陳 茂松1973 年 39 巻 7 号 p. 797-800
発行日: 1973/07/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe biological value of various dietary proteins was determined in carp weighing 50 to 200g. The determination of nitrogen excreted in the feces and urine was carried out according to the method reported previously.
The biological value of dietary protein showed the highest value at near 10% protein level under the experimental conditions. As the protein content exceeded this level, the biological value decreased linearly with the increase of dietary protein. The linear lines ob-tained on all samples ran practically parallel to each other.
Of the samples determined, the highest value was obtained with dried egg yolk protein (89 at 10% protein level) followed by casein (80).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (202K) -
コイ血合肉ミトコンドリアにおける脂肪酸のβ-酸化村田 寿, 豊水 正道1973 年 39 巻 7 号 p. 801-807
発行日: 1973/07/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーSome properties of the β-oxidation system in carp (Cyprinus carpio) dark muscle mitochondria were studied with octanoate as the substrate, and compared with those in carp hepatopancreas mitochondria. It was observed that the O2 uptake based on the, β-oxidation system in dark muscle was 330 μl/mg of mitochondria-N/60 min, and the activity of this system was higher than that in hepatopancreas. The β-oxidation system was similar to that in hepatopancreas, suggesting that the activation of fatty acids and the permeation of the activated acids through the membrane are probably the initial stages of the β-oxidation phenomenon. The role of α-ketoglutarate, a TCA cycle intermediate, as a sparker in endogenous respiration and β-oxidation was the same as in hepatopancreas. The optimum pH of this enzymatic system was pH 8.0, and the optimum temperature was 25°C. Investigating O2 uptake based on the α-oxidation system in dark muscle and hepatopancreas, it was found that the contribution of dark muscle to β-oxidation was more important than that of hepatopancreas. However it may be further concluded that the capacity of fatty acid oxidation in fish is inferior to that in mammalia. The discoloration of dark muscle resulted in a decrease in O2 uptake based on the, β-oxidation system.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (371K) -
アカザラガイの脂質組成について林 賢治, 山田 実1973 年 39 巻 7 号 p. 809-817
発行日: 1973/07/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThis paper describes the lipid compositions of the flesh [I] and the viscera [II] of japanese prickly scallop, Chlamys nipponensis akazara.
The total lipid contents of [I] and [II] were 1.5% and 4.6%. based on wet weight, respectively. The acetone-soluble lipid contents (% total lipid) were 13.3%, of [I] and 85.2%, of [II].
The fatty acid composition chiefly consisted of 16:0, 20:5, 22:6, 18:1 and 16:1 acids in [I], and 16:0, 16:1, 18:1 and 20:5 acids in [II].
The unsaponiflable components consisted of sterols, 59.1% (cholesterol, 37.0%, and ?? 5, 7-sterols, 9.8%, of the total sterols), normal hydrocarbons, 10.9%, (largely hexadecane), glyceryl ethers, 10.9% (chiefly batyl-, selachyl- and chimyl alcohols), (C13-C22) fatty alcohols, 3.4%, (C12-C22) methylketones, 1.2% and unidentified hydrocarbons, 3.9%.
The relative acid contents of [I] and [II] were as follows: 16:1 and 18:1 acids, [II]> [I], 22:6 acid, [I]>[II].抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (437K) -
川合 真一郎, 池田 静徳1973 年 39 巻 7 号 p. 819-823
発行日: 1973/07/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe development of proteases, maltase and amylase activities in the digestive organs of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, after hatching was investigated, and the responses of these enzymes to four kinds of experimental diets were also studied for 40 days in the juvenile stage of this fish. The results obtained are as follows.
Proteolytic activities of both pepsin-like and trypsin-like enzymes, and activities of maltase and amylase increased greatly during the 20 days after hatching, and 40-60 days after hatching these enzymes reached the activity level of young rainbow trout.
The activities of these four digestive enzymes in the juvenile rainbow trout fed various diets were all highest in the high-protein diet group (80% fish meal diet) and were generally proportional to the protein content. The growth rate paralleled the changes in enzyme activities. The results obtained with the juvenile rainbow trout were different from those found previously in the young carp.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (235K) -
内田 直行, 小幡 猛, 斎藤 恒行1973 年 39 巻 7 号 p. 825-828
発行日: 1973/07/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe extraction of inactive precursors of proteases from pyloric caeca of chum salmon, Onchorhyncus keta, was examined.
Crude extract was obtained by homogenizing the acetone powder of pyloric caeca in phosphate buffer, pH 8.0 (containing 0.5 mg of soybean trypsin inhibitor/ml and 1 mM DFP).
Trypsin and chymotrpsin activities were present slightly in the extract. These activities did not increase even after incubation at 10°C and pH 8.0. On the other hand, when the extract containing bovine trypsin as an activator was incubated at 10°C and pH 8.0, trypsin and chymotrypsin activities increased rapidly.
Considerable carboxypeptidase A and B activities were originally observed in this extract, but these activities did not change on incubation at 10°C and pH 8.0. On addi-tion of bovine trypsin to the extract, these activities increased rapidly.
From these results, it was concluded that trypsin, chymotrypsin and carboxypeptidase A and B of pyloric caeca of chum salmon were present in the gland and in the exocrine juice as inactive precursors or zymogens and that these inactive precursors are extractable by the method described.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (293K) -
1973 年 39 巻 7 号 p. 845a
発行日: 1973年
公開日: 2008/04/22
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (39K) -
1973 年 39 巻 7 号 p. 845b
発行日: 1973年
公開日: 2008/04/22
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (39K)
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