巻号一覧
39 巻, 9 号
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楳田 晋, 落合 明1973 年 39 巻 9 号 p. 923-930
発行日: 1973/09/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe characteristic features of the alimnetary tract of the yellowtail during larval to juvenile stages were examined histologically and morphologically to obtain detailed information on the absorption and digestion of food eaten. Samples ranged from 2.8mm to 45mm in total length, and these were selected from the batch hatched and reared artificially in the laboratory. The differentiation of the tract can be categorized into six growth stages by the appearance of the pharyngeal teeth, taste buds, blind sac, gastric glands, pyloric caeca and some important cells closely related to the function of absorption and digestion. It is estimated that the tract is not functional at the 1st stage. The activity of absorption and digestion of the food taken by the fish begins first at the 2nd stage in the intestine, and at the 4th stage in the buccopharynx and stomach, respectively. The digestive function of the stomach is rapidly promoted in the 5th stage characterized by the differentiation of the gastric glands. The juveniles longer than 26.5mm in total length, begin to eat mainly the fish meal given as their bait in the 6th stage after the pyloric caeca have developed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1754K) -
若林 久嗣, 江草 周三1973 年 39 巻 9 号 p. 931-936
発行日: 1973/09/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーMorphological and biochemical characteristics of 22 strains of an enteric bacterium isolated from diseased pond-cultured eels in Shizuoka Prefecture in 1972 were examined.
These organisms were gram-negative, peritrichously flagellated rods. They gave negative oxidase reaction, utilized glucose fermentatively in Hugh-Leifson's medium and reduced nitrate to nitrite. Some distinguishing features of the organisms were the produc-tion of hydrogen sulfide and indol, positive to methylted test, negative to Voges-Proskauer test, no growth on Simmons' citrate agar, growth on Christensen's citrate agar, decarboxi-lization of lysine and ornithine, and utilization of fructose, galactose, mannose, maltose, and glycerol (Table 1).
All of the strains examined were sensitive to dihydrostreptomycin and kanamycin, but some of them were resistant to chloramphenicol, tetracycline and colistin (Table 2).
The above properties suggest that the organism should be identified as Edwardsiella tarda, with which Paracolobactrum anguillimortiferum is thought to be synonymous.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (477K) -
病原菌の形態学的ならびに生化学的性状について楠田 理一, 滝 秀雄1973 年 39 巻 9 号 p. 937-943
発行日: 1973/09/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーSince the late summer of 1967, nocardiosis has been prevalent among yellowtails, Seriola quinqueradiata, in fish farms in the western part of Japan and has caused serious damage. In 1968, the causative organism was first isolated by KARIYA et al. who named it Nocardia kampachi.
In the present paper, morphological and biochemical characteristics of five organisms isolated from lesions of diseased yellowtails obtained from farms in Kochi Prefecture were studied. The organisms were non-motile gram-positive rods which occasionally showed branching, and were feebly acid-fast. They were non-sporing, and produced aerial hyphae. Catalase, hydrogensulfide production, starch hydrolysis, and nitrate reduction were positive. Decomposition of hypoxanthine and tyrosine was feebly positive. Tests for oxidase, urease, indole production, gelatin liquefaction, and decomposition of casein and xanthine were negative. They utilized citrate and pyruvate, but did not benzoate, mucoate, oxalate and propionate on the medium containing diammonium hydrogen phosphate as the nitrogen source. They showed growth at neither 10°C nor 37°C and survived at 50°C for 4 hours in the nutrient broth.
The organisms had much in common with those of Nocardia kampachi, but could be distinguishable from those of Nocardia asteroides (EPPINGER).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (506K) -
浮游期幼生に及ぼす塩分濃度の影響今 攸1973 年 39 巻 9 号 p. 945-950
発行日: 1973/09/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe integral temperature for the first zoeal molt of the tanner carb, Chionoecetes opilio, differs insignificantly between two cases, where, the larvae were transferred from hatching sea-water (specific gravity, 1.025) to rearing sea-water (sp. gr., 1.020-1.030) either directly or gradually. In rearing water with sp. gr. lower than 1.015, the direct transfer resulted in slightly longer time for the molt than did the gradual transfer. Survival rate of the first zoea stage was almost the same in both cases within a sp. gr. range of 1.015-1.030.
Minimum time for molting was obtained at a sp. gr. range of 1.020-1.022 in the first and second zoea stages, and at a range of 1.020-1.024 in the megalopas. Thus, sp. gr. range for the most successful molting was considerably lower as compared with that of the water off Wakasa Bay.
Over 70% of tested individuals in the first zoea stage were able to survive in a sp. gr. range of 1.022-1.027 and the range for similar survival in the second zoea stage was 1.019-1.026. Most of the first stage zoea reared at a sp.gr. of 1.012 failed to molt completely, and those which succeeded died within a few days.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (398K) -
篠野 雄一, 平田 史生1973 年 39 巻 9 号 p. 951-954
発行日: 1973/09/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーWe investigated the relation between ATP degradation and muscle elasticity of frozen raw tanner crabs with the following results:
(1) When boiled after thawing, muscle fibers decreased in elasticity. This was also seen at an early thawing stage and was related with the rapid degradation of ATP.
(2) The freezing rate did not change the content of ATP and related compounds.
(3) When the meat was stored at -20°C, the levels of ATP and related compounds gradually varied with the period of storage. However, at -30°C, -40°C or -80°C, ATP levels and muscle elasticity remained unchanged.
(4) When the meat was left at 5°C for 25 hr after death, ATP breakdown occurred.
(5) The initial concentration of ATP in muscle is useful as a chemical index of quality.
It is suggested that ATP itself may have some effect on the action of proteolytic enzymes.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (245K) -
コイにおける飼料蛋白質の生物価と利用との関係荻野 珍吉, 陳 茂松1973 年 39 巻 9 号 p. 955-959
発行日: 1973/09/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe mode of utilization of absorbed nitrogen for maintenance, growth and waste energy was investigated on the basis of the previous study on the biological values of various pro-teins. The results obtained are summarized as follows:
1. The biological value of dietary proteins exerts a remarkable influence upon the mode of utilization of absorbed nitrogen for maintenance, growth and energy.
2. Dietary protein is most effectively utilized for growth at near 100mg of absorbed nitrogen per 100g of weight per day.
3. The amount of nitrogen required for maximal retention of protein is found to be 190-220mg daily per 100g of weight when casein (biological value 80) is used. This nitrogen requirement varies according to the biological value of the dietary protein.
4. When casein is used as the sole nitrogen source for carp, the amounts of protein required for maintenance, maximal retention and optimal utilization are considered to be around 0.95g, 13g and 7g per 1kg of weight per day, respectively.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (302K) -
高木 光造, 飯田 優, 村山 花子, 相馬 すが1973 年 39 巻 9 号 p. 961-967
発行日: 1973/09/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA new peptide was found in the 75% ethanol extracts of a brown alga, Analipus japonicus. The peptide was isolated as cross-shaped crystals by gel filtration through Sephadex G-10, ion exchange chromatography on Dowex 50 resin, and mercuric acetate precipitation. The peptide appears to be a pentapeptide consisting of glutamic acid and aspartic acid or their amides, since it gave 1 mole of glutamic acid and 4 moles of aspartic acid on acid hy-drolysis. The peptide was named “analipine” after the generic name of the alga.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1024K) -
田口 武1973 年 39 巻 9 号 p. 969-972
発行日: 1973/09/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーAn attempt was made to elucidate the mechanism of ATPase activation by lecithin using carp muscle myosin B. A high speed centrifugation effectively removed 50% of the lecithin from myosin B preparations. On ultracentrifugation of myosin B in the presence of ATP, nearly all of the residual lecithin was recovered in the precipitate. The degree of stimulation of ATPase by added lecithin was somewhat reduced after removal of lecithin as described above. These observations suggest that the mechanism of ATPase activation by lecithin may require the presence of an unknown factor.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (207K) -
蔵多 一哉, 網谷 孝, 矢部 和夫1973 年 39 巻 9 号 p. 973-978
発行日: 1973/09/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーEight crystalline substances were isolated from a methanol extract of the red marine alga, Odonthalia corymbifera, and investigated by ultraviolet absorption, infrared spectros-copy, nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry and chemical methods. Three of them were identified as 2, 3-dibromo-4, 5-dihydroxybenzyl methyl ether, 2, 3-dibromo-4, 5-dihydroxybenzyl alcohol and 2, 3-dibromobenzyl alcohol 4, 5-disulfate dipotassium salt respectively. Another three compounds were shown to be L-phenylalanine, cholesterol and palmitic acid. The remaining two compounds were a tetrabromophenol C13H8O4Br4 m.p. (decomp.) 184-186° and carboxylic acid C7H806 m.p. 132-134°. Elucidation of the structures of the latter two compounds is now in progress.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (384K) -
河原 孝義, 高田 英夫1973 年 39 巻 9 号 p. 979-986
発行日: 1973/09/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThis paper is concerned with the effect of vitamin B12 on the growth of the halophilic marine yeast, Rhodotorula glutinis var. salinaria, particularly with respect to the utilization of inorganic nitrogen sources in saline media of different hypertonicities. At a concentra-tion of 1×10-5 M, vitamin B12 was inhibitory to growth and markedly so in salt media con-taining NO3-but no Mo ions. In non-saline media, the inhibition was less marked than in salt media and NH4+ was utilized more effectively than N03-. Tween 80 could be sub-stituted for glucose as the carbon source but less effectively. The significance of vitamin B12 for the process of inorganic nitrogen reduction to probably amino acid could be evaluated, but more precisely must await further evidence to evaluate.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (429K) -
浅原 充雄1973 年 39 巻 9 号 p. 987-991
発行日: 1973/09/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーSome properties of the proteinase in the liver extract of the shrimp, Trachypenaeus curvirostris, were investigated.
The strongest activity of the proteinase was seen at pH 8.4. It was slightly activated by Mn++, Mg++, Li+ and Ca++ ions, and strongly inhibted by Fe++ Fe+++ Hg++ and Pb++ ions. Na2S2O3 and hydroquinone fairly activated the enzyme, while glutathione, 2-mer-captoetanol, tartaric acid, citric acid and monoiodoacetic acid inhibited stornly.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (255K) -
水分,脂質および粗蛋白志水 寛, 多田 政実, 遠藤 金次1973 年 39 巻 9 号 p. 993-999
発行日: 1973/09/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe water, lipid and crude protein content of yellowtail muscle were investigated in 4 gouprs of fish, i.e., “wild-young”, “wild-adult”, “cultured-young” and “cultured-adult”, during an 11 month period between May and March. Periodic variations were observed in the lipid and water contents of the 3 groups excepting “wild-young” which consisted of a smaller number of fish, but practically no fluctuation was seen in the crude protein con-tents.
The rise and fall patterns of lipid content were somewhat different in “adult” and “young”; in the former the fatty season occurred during the 6 month period between October and March, while in the latter it extended from August to February. This resulted in a reversal of the order of the two groups with respect to lipid levels during August and Septem-ber.
The seasonal variations in the lipid level seem to be the result of seasonal fluctuations of the water temperature and the food intake of the fish; in the “culture” groups, the lipid level was nearly constant in autumn and winter in which seasons the food intake seemed to correlated with the water temperature, while it fell in spring and rose in mid-summer (“young”) or early autumn (“adult”) during which seasons there was a lack of correlation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (334K)
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