NIPPON SUISAN GAKKAISHI
Online ISSN : 1349-998X
Print ISSN : 0021-5392
ISSN-L : 0021-5392
Volume 4, Issue 3
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
  • Yositada TAKENOUTI
    1935 Volume 4 Issue 3 Pages 141-146
    Published: September 05, 1935
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Michio UNO
    1935 Volume 4 Issue 3 Pages 147-152
    Published: September 05, 1935
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A model of 1/145 of the original ring-net was made according to TAUTI'S principle of model-net construction, and pursing was made in still water in different lapses of time which are suitably given by the same principle.
    The form of net, photographed from a side at 4 successive periods in the whole course of pursing, are reproduced in sketches in Fig. 2. Each column was obtained in each pursing, slow or quick. The tension, which is known to act on the pursing line of the original net is of reasonable magnitude as compared with the breaking strength of it.
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  • Hideaki MIYAMOTO
    1935 Volume 4 Issue 3 Pages 153-157
    Published: September 05, 1935
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The original keddle net, of which a model was made for study, was set at Iwae, Kanagawa Prefecture, for fishing amber-fish, Seriola. The modelling was completed according to TAUTI'S principle of model-net construction.
    The form of model net was sketched both from above and lateral sides under the current in the prevailing directions in Iwae fishing ground. The sketches are reproduced in Fig. 4, in which the figure at the left end of the third row shows three prevailing directions of current, A, B and C, and the others in the first, second and third rows show the form of net under the current in respective directions and of various velocities.
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  • Michio UNO
    1935 Volume 4 Issue 3 Pages 158-160
    Published: September 05, 1935
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    On the same samples as previously reported and by the LEA'S back-calculation method, the body length, l1, l2 or l3, at the time, at which the first, second or third year ring was performed, was calculated separately with the III age group, with IV age group which has the spawning mark on the scale and with IV age group which does not (Fig. 1, Table 1). Following results were obtained: -
    (1) The proportion of the IV with the spawning mark is 77-88% in the waters north of Tiba Pref, and 65% in the water off Mie Pref.
    (2) Of each one of the three categories, every calculated length, l1, l2 or l3, does not show any local difference.
    (3) The calculated lengths l1, l2 and l3, of the IV with the spawning mark are larger than those of the IV without the spawning mark.
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  • Yoshio MATSUURA
    1935 Volume 4 Issue 3 Pages 161-170
    Published: September 05, 1935
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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    1. The humpbacks, Megaptera nodosa (Bonnaterre), in far east are recently remarkably diminished as in the other parts of the world. They are caught almost exclusively in the southern waters of Japan around Ogasawara Islands and the southern end of Formosa in winter, at the surface temperature 20-27°C. Whilst a number of them are found in summer as far north as Kamtebatka and Bering Sea, as Russians have reported it. Stragglers as seen anywhere.
    2. Both the water temperature and salinity do not seem to restrict much their migration, which of main herds presumably takes place yearly between the said southern and northern waters by a course lying far off beyond the reach of Japanese whalers from coasts. Another small group seems to migrate from the northern waters to Yellow Sea through, perhaps, Japan Sea.
    3. Feamles caught in these 5 years (1930-'34) are 174 in number (about 46% of total) and measure 12.4m on the average, while 205 males 12.0m. Females attain sexual maturity at the average length of about 14m, just as the No ?? th Atlantic and Arctic ones. Though small in number, those caught on the Pacific coasts of Japanese Main-land and Hokkaidô, in early summer and in late autumn, have the average length less than those caught in the southern waters. This is ?? erhaps due to the admixture of newly born calves in the catch.
    4. The sizes of the foetuses and the calves observed at various shore stations in the whole northern as well as southern hemisphere are all consistent with each other with respect to their growth (Fig. 7). Pairing seems to take place generally in early spring in the warm waters, followed by a period of gestation of 10 to 12 months.
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  • Masao KATAYAMA
    1935 Volume 4 Issue 3 Pages 171-173
    Published: September 05, 1935
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A) Sexual dimorphism. The data on which the present study is based were obtained from the records of the Hokkaido Fisheries Experimental Station concerning four-year old dog salmons, consisting of 151 males and 116 females, captured in North Kuril Islands from June 11 to July 30, 1932. The results are given in Tables 1-4, and may be summarized as follows: -(1) Males are larger than females in size. (2) The ratio, body length/body height, in female is a little greater than that in male, and two ratios, body length/head length and head length/ snout length, are in female considerably greater than those in male. This is probably due to the well known change in shape of males in the spawning season. (3) Correlations between body length and body height, body length and head length, head length and snout length, and head length and height of caudal peduncle respectively are comparatively high in both sexes and these are without exception higher in male than in female. Correlation coefficient between head length and snout length in male is the greatest of all. The partial orrelation of head and snout length in male, holding the date of capture constant, is much higher than the ordinary correlation between these characters, since there occurs the prolongation of snout in male during this period.
    B) Races of dog salmon. According to S. KAWAKAMI the dog salmon in Hokkaidô is to be grouped into two distinct races, Pacific and of Japan Sea, which latter may be subdivided into two races. For the distinction between the last two, he has given means and modes of branchiostegals, developed dorsal fin rays, anal fin rays, gill rakers, and pyloric eoeea. The results of the x2-test applied on his data, po ?? nted to the conclusion that according to all characters, except pyloric coeca, the two groups are really differentiated samples, and they may be safely separated into two races.
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  • Fujio NARISAWA
    1935 Volume 4 Issue 3 Pages 174-175
    Published: September 05, 1935
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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    One of the edible green algae, Monostroma nitidum WITTROCK-Jap. name Hitoegusa, grows abundantly mixed with Porphyra tenera KJELLM., A ?? akusa laver, in the cultivating farms of the latter in Mikawa Bay. In Nov., 1934, the former was found mostly in the eastern, while the latter in the western part at Yosida laver-farm. Observation of surface salinity elucidated the facts that the growth of the former was most favourable where the direct influence of river water is slight, and that the latter was grown most where the salinity was intermediate, or where river and sea waters run side by side. Sandy bottom in the western part, as well as some other chemical nature of sea water, seems to have a certain relation to said distribution.
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  • Yuzo TOHYAMA, Yutaka YASUKAWA
    1935 Volume 4 Issue 3 Pages 176-182
    Published: September 05, 1935
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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    The danger from typhoid fever and other enteric diseases to which consumers of raw oysters, contaminated by intestinal or urinary discharges, are subject, has been too well established by a number of careful epidemiological studies to permit any doubt concerning its possible magnitude. With regard to the disposal of sewage in America and Europe, they have definite sanitary rules and regulations for the purpose of keeping oysters free from contamination by human excrement. According to the results of one of the author's bacteriological analysis of oysters1) collected from the principal oyster producing areas in Japan, about 90% of our oysters are suitable to be sold without further comment and nearly 10% of them belong to the group for further analysis and condemnation. In other word. 10% of our oysters must be cleansed by any methods of purification. Since the bacterial contents of oysters are closely correlated with the bacterial contents of the sea water in which they are grown, it is possible for oysters to cleanse themselves when transplanted from polluted water to water which is clean. So that, the best way to cleanse the polluted oysters is the trans-plantation to the clean sea water, free from contamination with sewage. As a matter of fact, there are so many cases that we can not find any natural clean sea water suitable for the purification of polluted oysters by floating within a reasonable distance. In these cases it is necessary to search for any artificial purification. This need for a method of artificial purifica-tion, which exist also in other localities, lead to the development of many processes such as DODGSON10), CHABAL12), FABRE-DOMERGUE9), WELLS11), TARBETT16), FISHER15), CALMERIA14), INWOOD18), BLUE POINT CO.17) and others. We picked up some of them which are acknowledged as more important and tried the experiments following to their principles as possible as we can, installating of wooden tanks of 550-560 litres and the bacteriological procedures adopted to the American Standard (A. P. H. A.)19).
    The results of artificial purification are, generally speaking, good with these methods of TARBETT, DODGSON and CHABAL and could be applied in practical application with little modification in Japanese oysters and clams, especially the TARBETT'S method gave the superior results. On the contrary, for the methods of FISHER and INWOOD would be necessary some improvement and exeercise in their managements. The experiments with cockles and trough-shells, we expect to study more in order to put into practical application. One of the results of DODGSON'S method and the summarized results of artificial purification done by us are shown in the tables 1 and 2. Next, we can conclude that the length of time necessary for the purification from polluted oysters to unpolluted oysters will suffice within 24 to 48 hours, if the waters exactly clean and about 7 days will enough when the water to which the oysters are transplanted is occasionally subject to slight pollution as experienced in the waters of Kanazawa Bay, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan.
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  • Nitrogenous Compounds of Lake Waters of Japan. II
    Shinkichi YOSHIMURA
    1935 Volume 4 Issue 3 Pages 183-189
    Published: September 05, 1935
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The writer has estimated the amount of nitrogenous compounds of 119 lakes in Japan belonging to the harmonic type since the year of 1929. His data are shown in Table 1 jointly with those of Mr. S. TAKAYASU of 16 lakes in Hokkaidô. He discussed the total amount of nitrogen consisting of ammonia-, nitrate, and albuminoid nitrogen of the surface water. The total amount of nitrogen above mentioned does not show so large seasonal variation that the data, being taken at different seasons of a year, may be compared with each others.
    His results show that: -
    1. High mountain lakes contain 0.06-0.08mg/lN.
    2. Deep caldera or tectonic lakes contain only 0.02-0.1mg/lN.
    3. Moderate lakes in the mountains (40-29 meters) contain 0.05-0.1mg/lN.
    4. Shallow lakes in the mountains and the moderate lakes on the sea coast include every kinds of amount of nitrogen.
    5. Shallow lakes and the swamps on the sea coast and in the cultivated plains contain large amount of N (over 0.2 mg/l).
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  • II. Zooplankton
    Masuzo UÉNO
    1935 Volume 4 Issue 3 Pages 190-194
    Published: September 05, 1935
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The zooplankton of six lakes in the southern part of the Island of Sakhalin is discussed. The percentage composition of the zooplankton is given in Table 1, from which will be seen the general zooplankton-type of each lake in early summer. The dominant species which at this season make up more than 50 per cent. of the whole zooplankton are two rotifers, Asplanchna and Keratella. The distribution of the species observed is given in Table 3. Except Holopedium gibberum and Tachidius littoralis, no boreal elements at all were found in the planktic fauna of these lakes.
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  • Takeo OYA, Takeo KURAGAKE
    1935 Volume 4 Issue 3 Pages 195-197
    Published: September 05, 1935
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The toughness of meat has been studied by LEHMANN1), and the ratio of collagen to elastin in the connective tissue of beef, pork and chicken has been determined by MITCHELL, ZIMMERMANN and HAMILTON.2)
    In Japan, fish-filet is often eaten raw und a certain range of toughness is regarded to be essential to make it polatable. Since it is clear, that such toughness depends upon the relative amount of the connective tissue, we have determined the amount of connective tissue and the ratio of collagen to elastin in the skeletal muscle of various kinds of fish, with special reference to the rate of change of collagen to gelatin in relation to temperature. The results are given in Tables 1 and 2.
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  • Tamotu AMASAKI, Akasi HASEBE
    1935 Volume 4 Issue 3 Pages 198-202
    Published: September 05, 1935
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    From his experimental results, H. S. WHITESEL has given an empirical formula to estimate the heat load of the door-opening for a household refrigerator cabinet. To ascertain that his formula is equally applicable or not to a cold storage room of a larger size, we had made some experiments with a cold storage room, which has a preliminary chamber 168 ft3 and a cold storage chamber 216 ft3 in the internal volume respectively.
    The results of our experiments have also shown that the values calculated from WHITESEL'S formula are nearly equal to the measured values in the case, where the door-opening takes place between the open room air and the preliminary chamber; but for the case, where the door-opening takes place between the preliminary and the cold starage chambers, the volume of the latter being larger than that of the former, his formula must be modified.
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  • Tasae KAWAKAMI
    1935 Volume 4 Issue 3 Pages 203-205
    Published: September 05, 1935
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    From the relation, given by Prof. M. TAUTI1) between the weight of dried fish relative to its intial weight and the humidity of the surrounding air, we obtain:-
    W1-w/w=fW0-w/wc/p0r/1-r………………………… (2)
    where W0 denotes the initial weight, w weight of dry matter, W1, final weight, r the relative humidity, c and ρ0 the gram molecular weights of the solute and of water respectively contained initially in the aqueous solution of bodily juice in unit volume, and f a constant. This shows that if the initial water content of fish, (W0-w)/w, and the final humidity, r, are given the final water content is proportional to the initial molar concentration of the bodily juice, which can vary during storage through the process of putrefaction.
    With fresh sardin as well as those stored at about 8°C. for several days, dried in the sun, it was found that the final water content does increase with the days of storage of the material. The relation (2) was also justified from the results of an experiment, where c/ρ0 was determined from the freezing point observation.
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