巻号一覧
4 巻, 4 号
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Masao KIMATA1935 年 4 巻 4 号 p. 215-216
発行日: 1935/11/05
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (94K) -
Kiyomatsu MATSUBARA1935 年 4 巻 4 号 p. 217-223
発行日: 1935/11/05
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe splitting of a species of scorpaenoid fish, Sebastodes inermis (C. & V.), into four, viz., S. inermis, S. ventricosus T. & S., S. güntheri J. & St., and S. tokionis J. & St., has been adopted by several authors. On the other hand, the reduction of these four to two, namely, S. inermis and S. tokionis, was done by Jordan and Hubbs7); and even the amalgamation of all these four to one, S. inermis, was suggested by Tanaka.16)
The paramount importance of an exact method of attacking the problem and an abundant supply of the material to work with is obvious. The author is greatly indebted to Dr. A. Terao and to Dr. M. Tauti for their kind guidance in applying a method, which is quite distinct from the hitherto used, to his material. He is also much obliged to the stuff of the Tyôsen Fisheries Experimental Station for a loan of specimens from Huzan to supplement his collection of the fishes from Simonoseki, Misaki, Tôkyô Bay, Bôsyû, Rikutyû and Hakodate.
In passing, it may be mentioned that the specimens amounting to 198 in number were found to vary from one to seven years in age and to cover the entire range of the variations recorded by the former authors, including some intermediate forms between any two of the above-mentioned four. Osteological examinations did not reveal any point which would go to distinguish the four species. Nor were my results consistent with the view that the specimens at my disposal are referable to the two, S. inermis and S. tolkionis.
It would not be sufficient to leave the argument at this stage of documentation. Still, one would insist that the four-fold splitting of the species is tenable. It is evident that one should weigh the relative value of the deviations and ascertain presence or absence of incipient tendency of divergence against the whole set of the samples if one would settle the question conclusively. It may be remarked parenthetically that the ordinary procedure anal spine, length of pectoral fin, and number of scales of lateral line, are plotted in Figs. 1-2 in reference to the body length. Table 1 tabulates the data of 3 to 5 year-old individuals which constitute the majority of the material.
It is to be seen in the figures and tables that the whole material belong to one category which should go as a species. If any splitting could be admitted, it would lead to recognition of any single individual as representing each distinct species. It goes without saying that erection of several species would appear more plausible in case of fewer number of specimens examined.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (338K) -
内田 恵太郎1935 年 4 巻 4 号 p. 224-228
発行日: 1935/11/05
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーCoryphaena equisetis, the “small dolphin, ” hitherto unknown from Japanese waters, has been found to be annually caught, along with the “common dolphin, ” Coryphaena, hippurus, in the southwestern Japan Sea, off the coast of Shimane Prefecture. This fish, though very small in quantity compared with C. hippurus, is not rare there, and is well known among the fishermen of that district. It appears annually in August when the surface water temperature rises up to about 26°C, migrating in from the open Pacific. (C, hippurus appears there about a month or more earlier, migrating in the same way.) It stays there during the summer and early autumn among the shoal of C. hippurus. The habit of this fish observed by the fishermen is similar to C. hippurus, being caught by rod and line or surface seine near the alluring floats particularly prepared for the latter fish. The ordinary size of the fish landed is ca. 60cm. in length and 800 ?? 1, 000 gr. in weight. Extraordinarily big one, attaining some 2, 500 gr. in weight, is said to be rarely caught. The flesh is a little softer than that of C. hippurus.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (573K) -
田中 林蔵1935 年 4 巻 4 号 p. 229-232
発行日: 1935/11/05
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe artificial fertilization of the salmon and trout has been carried out with little improvement in the method from long ago. We cut open the abdomen of the female and let the eggs flow directly into a tray. Then the excess of the body fluid, the blood and the mixture are cleaned by means of a sponge before insemination. This, however, needs a special technique to gain a desirable result and moreover consumes needless time which reduces the fertilization rate. A device has been designed by the author as shown in Figs. 1-4 so as to overcome the defects of the hitherto employed method. The new apparatus has been proved in many experiments to work better than the ordinary one in increasing the rate of fertilization and in reducing the number of dead eggs during the incubation. The time used in the improved method is tolerably shortened.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (607K) -
殖田 三郎, 岡田 喜一1935 年 4 巻 4 号 p. 233-238
発行日: 1935/11/05
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn the present paper, the writers report the foods of Ayu collected at Corea and Formosa, and the peculiar food habit of the adult fish.
The samples from Formosa we examined were chiefly diatoms and bluegreen algae mixing with minute sand grains and some kinds of green algae. And, rarely some protozoa as Diffugia sp. were also found.
The Corean samples we examined were mostly diatoms and desmids, and several kinds of green and bluegreen algae were found. Adding these algae pretty many minute sand grains were also mixed.
From these results we may say, therefore, that the characteristics of these foods consist in the existence of several kinds of desmids, which we have never been met with so'much in the food of the adult Ayu in any other localities.
In the previous paper, we reported that the food of adult Ayu are entirely vegetative matters, but from the subsequent studies, we perceived that in some peculiar cases Ayu takes animal matters still it grown up to the adult stage. Namely, it takes the larvae of Asellus aquaticus (Linné), baetidae, hydropsychidae and chromidae as food. But, from our observation, this phenomenon is a very rare exceptional case caused by the peculiar conditions of the river. And the general appearance of this Ayu shows plump shape just as we often experience in the cultured ones which was fed by the animal matters in the artificial ponds.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (844K) -
富士川 〓, 北山 修1935 年 4 巻 4 号 p. 239-241
発行日: 1935/11/05
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe material on which this investigation is based is a Corean variety of the Seaweed, Porphyra tenera. The experiment was carried out at Tikutô, an island in Southern Corea. The results may be summarized as follows: -
1. The iodine content is practically the same irrespective of the duration of daily air exposure from 0-4 hours, but it is very small in the sample daily exposed to air for 6 hours.
2. The iodine content reaches its maximum in December and it suddenly decreases in middle January, further decreases being rather slight.
3. The period of the maximum iodine content precedes that of the carpospore formation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (186K) -
羽田 良禾1935 年 4 巻 4 号 p. 242-252
発行日: 1935/11/05
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーOf the plankton collected by myself at 72 stations located in the South China, Java, Celebes, and Sulu Seas, the Macassar Strait, and the part of the Indian Ocean off the Sunda Strait on board the research boat, Shonan-Maru of the Formosa Gervernment, the pelagic Ciliata, suborder Tintinnoinea, are dealt with in the present work, with the following results: -
1. 39 species of the Tintinnoinea belonging to 16 genera have been detected from the materials, and of those two seem to be new to science.
2. All species recorded in the present paper are forms of warm or tropical waters. However, some are cosmopolitic and occur even in cold waters. Occurrence of neritic species is generally superior to that of oceanic ones in the seas of the East Indies. The plankton in the deep area of the South China Sea, and in the Celebes and Sulu Seas is oceanic, and that in the shallow part of the South China and Java Seas, and the region of the Indian Ocean near the Sunda Strait is neritic, while the plankton of the Macassar Strait and the deep area of the Java Sea is intermediate in character.
3. The inflow of surface water of the Java Sea into Indian Ocean through Sunda Strait can be inferred from the distribution of plankton.
Poroecus rotundatus n. sp. (Fig. 2). Lorica stout cup-shaped, 1.1 oral diameters in length; aboral end hemispherical; wall with a rough surface resulting from coccoliths attaching to the orica. Length, 40μ; oral diameter, 36μ. Locality-Macassar Strait. Differs from all the other published species of this genus in the small stout lorica and in the hemispherical aboral region.
Craterella retusa n. sp. (Fig. 3). Lorica small, ovate, having two collars, 1.1 oral diameters in length; inner collar comparatively high, curved; outer one low, spreading conically (84°); aboral end rounded; wall thin, hyaline. Length, 33μ; oral diameter 30μ. Locality-Off Surabaya, Java. Differs from all other species of genus Craterella in the stout ovate form.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (797K) -
久保 伊津男1935 年 4 巻 4 号 p. 253-258
発行日: 1935/11/05
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe fishery of Octopod, mostly of Polypus vulgaris (Lamarck), is economically very important in Japan. This animal inhabits littoral zones of our country and occurs very abundantly in Inland Sea. Its breeding season extends from late July to early October in this region, and it lays eggs among rocks or sea-weeds grown in shallow water. Since such habit of this animal suggests a conjecture that the size of the catch of it may be influenced by various meteorological and oceanographical factors, the size of the catch of this animal was studied in reference to precipitation and air-temperature in three of the prefectures surrounding the Inland Sea, viz., Hirosima, Kagawa and Okayama, where comparatively good statistical data are available. Of these three, the prefecture Hirosima is very remarkable and pref. Kagawa is less so in showing significant correlation between the catch in question and precipitation in certain months of the previous year, but not at all in pref. Okayama, as shown in the following lines.
Months of the previous year, the precipitation of which were taken into consideration. Hirosima. Kagawa. Okayama.
July, Aug, Sep. -0.423±0.142 -0.691±0.068 -0.024±0.172
Aug., Sep., Oct. -0.878±0.030 -0.373±0.142 -0.010±0.171
Sep., Oct., Nov. -0.822±0.056 -0.614±0.108 -0.145±0.169
The coefficients of the partial correlation between the above mentioned two items in the prefectures of Hirosima and Kagawa, keeping air temperature during the same season constant, are not significantly different from those of the ordinary ones. Thus, it appears that the precipitation during the breeding season of a certain year has much influence on the size of the next year's catch of the octopod in the two prefectures, especially in Hirosima. My ?? esults may be said to stand in harmony with the fact that the newly hatched octopod reaches marketable size after a lapse of about one year in these two prefectures. The absence of the correlation between the items in question in pref. Okayama appears to be due to inadequacy of the satistical data obtained there.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (406K) -
奥野 博1935 年 4 巻 4 号 p. 259-260
発行日: 1935/11/05
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIt has already been pointed out that, when fish are exposed to a low temperature, fine ice crystals are formed in the tissues of fish. On the contrary, the slower the fish freeze, the larger crystals are frozen out. And though containing only minute ice crystals immediately after freezing, the fish may contain larger ones after a period of storage, because of fluctuations of temperature. The formation of internal ice crystals is equivalent to a severe physical damage to all the tissues of the fish.
The present writer got to the similar results to those mentioned above, observing the size distributions of ice crystals and the process of their growth during cold storage by the microphotography in preparation for further experiments.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (125K) -
富枡 建造1935 年 4 巻 4 号 p. 261-273
発行日: 1935/11/05
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe deflexion of the upper and lower end plates of a full can is to be proportional to the external load due to the pressure difference between that of the atmosphere and the sum of the internal residual air and vapour, that is the vacuity in the can. Therefore, we are able to know the degree of vacuity in the can by measuring the magnitude of the deflexion.
In the high vacuity, if the internal stress of the material of the upper or lower end plate is above its creep limit, the deflexion increases with days and accordingly the accuracy of this method of measuring vacuity will be lowered. Herewith the first necessity is to assertain in what vacuity the stress may be above the creep limit of the material.
The author has made a creep test on the crab and salmon 1 lb. empty cans seamed with a vacuum seamer in several degrees of vacuity from O to the highest 26.6 inch. In each vacuity 10 or 20 cans were prepared.
The seaming was operated in three days from the 25th to the 27th of last June, and the creep test was begin just immediately after the completion on the each day respectively, and has been in continuation to-day yet.
In this test the deflexion of the upper end plate only was measured at intervals from 7 to 14 days, by the instrument specially designed by the author and named “Dial vacuum tester” (Fig. 1 and 2). The results of measurements are as shown in Tables 1, 2, 3 and 4. The changes of the magnitude of the deflexion are very small evenn in the highest vacuity F and G classes and the author has assertained that the changes are limited in the range of the astronomical change which varies with atmospheric pressure and temperature, an 1 accordingly that there is no creep in any one of the test cans up to this day.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1256K)
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