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Volume 40, Issue 12
Displaying 1-21 of 21 articles from this issue
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Noritatsu SANO1974 Volume 40 Issue 12 Pages 1203-1211
Published: December 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn relation to the measuring of the reflection of ultrasounds from a fish, we have taken accurate measurements of the relationship between the swimming action and the reflection of ultrasounds, as made by the living fish, Yamame.
The echo sounder used was a 50KHz ultrasound echo sounder, a directional projector having a 30° effective beam angle and a hydrophone having a 110° of beam angle.
These experiments were made inside an anechoic tank. The dimensions of this tank were 200cm long, 140cm wide and 140cm deep.
The measuring method was as follows:
The swimming actions were measured by a dynamic strain gauge in connection with a U-gauge. A practical method is to use a reference target of known reflection loss (steel ball), placed at the same range as the unknown, and to compare the levels from the reference target and the living fish to be measured.
The acoustic back scattering polar diagram of living fishes or anesthetized fishes could be obtained by measuring the echo level from the fish in all directions at intervals of 10° on the lateral plane.
The results obtained are summarized as follows:
1) There was little relationship between the swimming action and the echo level from a living fish, even though it may be obtained by the same aspect of living fish.
2) On the polar diagram, the directions of maximun echo level are of a lateral aspect.
3) We found little change in the echo level of the dorsal aspect.View full abstractDownload PDF (2789K) -
Development of Zoospore from Plurilocular SporangiumIwao SHINMURA1974 Volume 40 Issue 12 Pages 1213-1222
Published: December 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this paper, the morphogenesis of zoospore derived from plurilocular sporangium produced on the thallus of Cladosiphon okamuranus, as well as the influence of water temperature, salinity and illumination on the growth of its germlings were examined in the laboratory.
1) The development of most zoospores from plurilocular sporangia showed the discoid type. The discoid germlings derived newly formed plurilocular sporangia and developed into the thalli of sporophyte. However, when the discoid germlings were cultured at a higher temperature (25°C<) or lower illuminance (2.5klx>), there were no growth of the erect germlings; showing only repeated generations of discoid development by the zoospores from their plurilocular sporangia.
2) Suitable culture conditions for the attachment of zoospores from plurilocular sporangia in the laboratory were 20-25°C in water temperature, nearly 31‰ in salinity and 1-2.5klx in illuminance.
3) As regards the adequate culture conditions for the growth of germlings before reaching 1 mm in height, the water temperature was 25-30°C, but when they began to develop into erect germlings, best growth occurred between 15-20°C, the adequate conditions being 15-45‰ salinity and 5-10klx illuminance.View full abstractDownload PDF (1999K) -
Toshio YOTSUI, Seiji MIGITA1974 Volume 40 Issue 12 Pages 1223-1228
Published: December 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNemacystus decipiens is a useful edible alga in Japan. The authors tried to cultivate this alga at Omura Bay, western Kyushu, and obtained satisfactory results.
Neutral zoospores liberated from the sporophyte of Nemacystus decipiens which had been cultured in the laboratory or collected from fields, developed into fully grown adult thalli on laver nets, made of synthetic fibers, in the sea. The neutral zoospores which fastend themselves to the laver nets spread on October 30, in the early season of growth, germinated abundantly and they grew to about 10cm in length after about two months. After three to four months' cultivation the harvest of the plants per 10cm in length of net twine was 20 to 40g in wet weight. The macroscopic germlings of this alga germinated abundantly on the laver nets at all experimental localities, and the younger plants grew well at each locality in Omura Bay but they gradually decreased at other localities in the open sea.View full abstractDownload PDF (1217K) -
Katsuji HONDA1974 Volume 40 Issue 12 Pages 1229-1233
Published: December 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe experiments were carried out on a trawl net twine using a newly devised impact repeating apparatus.
The results obtained are as follows;
A definite direct tendency relative to the increase in the number of repeated impacts was not shown for such measured values as breaking strength, flexibility and breaking energy for 100 and 800 repeated impacts.
The elongation caused by repeated impact seems to increase with the increase of the number of repeated times and impact load.
Uneven values were observed more in netting twine composed of spun yarn than in multi-filament in the present experiments.View full abstractDownload PDF (868K) -
Keiji HIROSE, Rikizo ISHIDA1974 Volume 40 Issue 12 Pages 1235-1240
Published: December 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was carried out to discern the effects of peptide hormone LH-RH on ovulation in the ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis. Total ovary weight and GSI were significantly greater in the fish treated with LH-RH than in the control. Ovulation was clearly observed in the fish treated with 200μg LH-RH within 2 days after a single injection. In the ventral portion of the proximal pars distalis of the pituitary the content of the basophil (gonadotroph) mostly disappeared for the 2 day period. Furthermore, in the LH-RH-treated fish body weight increased by several percent. Water and sodium content were also greater than in the control. This LH-RH, by causing the release of endogenous gonadotropin, induces the same sequence of ovarian events as does the treatment of exogenous gonadotropin.View full abstractDownload PDF (932K) -
Effects of Some Spice Essential Oils and Food Preservatives on the Mortality for Anisakinae LarvaeKeiichi OISHI, Kazuo MORI, Yasuo NISHIURA1974 Volume 40 Issue 12 Pages 1241-1250
Published: December 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLarvae of Anisakis type I, Terranova type A and Contracaecum type A were gathered from liver, muscle and caecal pylorus of cod and Alaska pollack, respectively, and their mortalities were examined in a medium containing various spice essential oils and some food preservatives.
The results were as follows;
Pesticidal effects on Anisakis type I larvae were exhibited by the essential oils of nutmeg, cumin, clove, allspice, mace, coriander, and cinnamon. In addition, the essential oils of cumin, clove, allspice, coriander, cinnamon, thyme, dill and caraway showed a similar effect on Terranova type A larvae. Cumin aldehyde, cinnamic aldehyde, thymol, limonene, and eugenol, which are major components of some spices, exhibited strong pesticidal effects on all the three species of worms. The above results were regarded as significant by variance analysis.
On the other hand, the pesticidal effects of the food preservatives on Anisakis type I larvae were observed only in the case of free acids such as sorbic acid, salicylic acid, benzoic acid and dehydroacetic acid.View full abstractDownload PDF (484K) -
Toshiharu KAWABATA, Hidenori SHAZUKI, Tohru ISHIBASHI1974 Volume 40 Issue 12 Pages 1251-1256
Published: December 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSStudies were undertaken to elucidate the effect of added L-ascorbic acid (AH2) on the formation of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in vitro. Results obtained may be summarized as follows:
1. When AH2 was added to the reaction mixture (NaNO2, 30mM+DMA, 10mM) at pH 6.0, the formation of NDMA was markedly blocked by more than 15 mM of AH2. It is to be noted that the presence of 1 to 3 mM of AH2 apparently enhanced the formation of NDMA regardless of reaction temperatures ranging from 0° to 80°C.
2. AH2 blockage of NDMA formation occurred more conspicuously under acidic conditions (pH 1.1 to 6.0), and the maximum inhibition rate was recorded at pH 3.6 where the highest NDMA formation was observable in the reaction mixture without AH2. The higher the AH2 concentration, the greater was the blockage observed in reaction mixtures at varying pH values.
3. One possible mechanism has been discussed with regard to decreases in NO2-, and ionization rates of HNO2 and DMA to explain the inhibition or enhancement of NDMA formation occurring at pH 6.0 in the presence of varying amounts of AH2.View full abstractDownload PDF (346K) -
Akio KANAZAWA, Shin-ichi TESHIMA, Shigeo TOMITA1974 Volume 40 Issue 12 Pages 1257-1260
Published: December 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study deals with the biosynthesis of sterols from mevalonate-2-14C in the coelenterates, Sarcophyta sp., Stereonephthya japonica, Acalycigorgia inermis, Ellisella rubra, Dofleinia armata, and Parasicyonis actinostoloides, and the echinoderms, Leiaster leachii, Coronaster valsellatus, Protoreaster nodosus, Henricia ohshimai, Clypeaster japonicus, and Holothuria leucospilota. After injection of mevalonate-2-14C into the animals, the sterolsynthesizing ability was evaluated by radioautography in conjunction with the isolation of radioactive sterols.
It was shown that all echinoderms and the four coelenterates, Sarcophyta sp., S. japonica, D. armata, and P. actinostoloides, are more or less capable of synthesizing sterols from mevalonate, but the two species of coelenterates, A. inermis and E. rubra, lack this ability.View full abstractDownload PDF (357K) -
Changes in the Properties of Protein during the Storage of Partially Frozen Sea Bass MuscleNoboru KATO, Shigeru UMEMOTO, Hitoshi UCHIYAMA1974 Volume 40 Issue 12 Pages 1263-1267
Published: December 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to develop methods for preserving the freshness of fish over a period of a few weeks, the effect of partial freezing on muscle protein was investigated. Sea bass muscle was alternatively stored at-3°C (partial freezing) or in ice for 2 weeks. The extractability of myofibrillar proteins remained at a high level in the partially frozen muscle, while in the iced muscle it tended to decrease during storage. The rate of formation of gel fraction protein was slower in the partially frozen muscle than in the iced muscle. Specific ATPase activity of the actomyosin from the partially frozen muscle and the iced muscle also decreased slightly during storage. The actomyosin from the partially frozen muscle stored for 2 weeks exhibited superprecipitation, while that from the iced muscle did not. The ATP-sensitivity of the actomyosin from the partially frozen muscle was higher than that from the iced muscle. These changes or trends indicate that some denaturation took place in the myofibrillar protein. The rate and extent of protein denaturation, however, were much smaller in the partially frozen muscle compared to those in the iced muscle.View full abstractDownload PDF (297K) -
Isolation and Physico-chemical PropertiesHaruaki TOMIOKA, Katsumi YAMAGUCHI, Kanehisa HASHIMOTO, Fumio MATSUURA1974 Volume 40 Issue 12 Pages 1269-1275
Published: December 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA method for preparation of purified myosin from the abdominal muscle of spiny lobster was devised and the physico-chemical properties of the myosin obtained were examined. Intrinsic viscosity, sedimentation constant (s020, w), and diffusion constant (D020, w) of the myosin were 2.05dl/g, 6.65S, and 1.35×10-7cm2sec-1, respectively. The molecular weight was determined to be 445, 000±15, 000 (MS, D) and 500, 000±50, 000(Me). The myosin was precipitated with ammonium sulfate between 40 and 50% saturation at pH 7.0, and salted in with more than 0.15M KCl at pH6.5. The above physico-chemical properties as well as amino acid composition of spiny lobster myosin resemble, as a whole, those of other myosins so far reported.View full abstractDownload PDF (837K) -
Kunihiko KONNO, Nobuo SEKI1974 Volume 40 Issue 12 Pages 1277-1284
Published: December 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt has been already reported that rabbit skeletal actomyosin was desensitized to the action of Ca2+ by repeatedly washing it with H2O or dilute buffer solution. This method was successfully applied to carp dorsal actomyosin.
Carp natural actomyosin was extracted from dorsal muscle with 0.6M KCl (pH7.5) for 2 hours at 0°C, and converted into desensitized actomyosin by repeated washings with 2mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.6).
It was observed that the Mg2+-ATPase activity and superprecipitation of natural actomyosin were markedly inhibited by the removal of Ca2+ (i.e. in the presence of EGTA), whereas these properties were unaffected by the removal of Ca2+ from desensitized actomyosin.
SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretograms showed the conversion of natural actomyosin to the desensitized form accompanied by the removal of some soluble components into the washing solution.
The addition of the soluble components to desensitized actomyosin restored its sensitivity to the action of Ca2+. This also occurred on the addition of native tropomyosin prepared separately.View full abstractDownload PDF (987K) -
Esterase, Malate Dehydrogenase, and Lactate DehydrogenaseMichiko INAI, Taizo SAKATA, Daiichi KAKIMOTO1974 Volume 40 Issue 12 Pages 1285-1289
Published: December 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSElectrophoretic zymograms of the three enzymes, esterase, malate dehydrogenase (MDH), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were determined for 11 strains of marine isolates. For comparison, some terrestrial bacteria of the same or similar genera were also analyzed. The results obtained indicated that there were zymographic differences between the various genera, irrespective of the enzymes concerned. Clear differences in both esterase and MDH isozyme-zymograms were noticed between the marine and terrestrial specimens of Pseudomonas.View full abstractDownload PDF (906K) -
Shin-ichi TOMIYAMA1974 Volume 40 Issue 12 Pages 1291-1296
Published: December 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhen fish were exposed to a solution containing RSO3-, RSO4-type surfactants, these surfactants were particularly adsorbed on to the surface of fish gills, causing increased numbers of red blood cells in the treated fish. Death caused by these types of surface active agents was delayed by the addition of protein to the surfactant solution.
These results suggest that the toxicity of RSO3-, RSO4-type surfactants for fish might be due to the formation of a surfactant-protein complex upon contact with gill protein.View full abstractDownload PDF (939K) -
Changes in Amounts of Glycolytic Intermediates in Skipjack Meat during Thawing and Canning ProcessYutaka FUJII, Senji ISHIKAWA, Kunisuke NAKAMURA1974 Volume 40 Issue 12 Pages 1297-1305
Published: December 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe browning of canned skipjack and albacore is called “orange discoloration” and it is well-known that the appearance of orange discolored meat is particularly noted in brine frozen fish. It has been shown by YAMANAKA et al. that glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) is the sugar primarily responsible for orange discoloration. In this paper, changes in the amounts of glycolytic intermediates in skipjack meat during its canning process were examined in connection with the extent of the discoloration.
The amounts of glycolytic intermediates in skipjack meat obtained from canning factories were 9-253mg/100g for glycogen, 8 ?? 319mg/100g for D-glucose, 22 ?? 229 mg/100g for G6P, and 237 ?? 858mg/100g for lactic acid.
There existed a linear relation with a high correlation coefficient between the amount of D-glucose or G6P in defrozen meat and the intensity of orange discoloration. The most intense discoloration occurred in all skipjack meats with more than 150 ?? 200mg of G6P per 100g of meat.View full abstractDownload PDF (509K) -
Yojiro OOSHIMA, Mikio OGURI1974 Volume 40 Issue 12 Pages 1307
Published: December 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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Tateo FUJII, Yuzaburo ISHIDA, Hajime KADOTA1974 Volume 40 Issue 12 Pages 1309
Published: December 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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1974 Volume 40 Issue 12 Pages 1328a
Published: 1974
Released on J-STAGE: April 22, 2008
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1974 Volume 40 Issue 12 Pages 1328b
Published: 1974
Released on J-STAGE: April 22, 2008
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1974 Volume 40 Issue 12 Pages 1328c
Published: 1974
Released on J-STAGE: April 22, 2008
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1974 Volume 40 Issue 12 Pages 1328d
Published: 1974
Released on J-STAGE: April 22, 2008
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1974 Volume 40 Issue 12 Pages 1328e
Published: 1974
Released on J-STAGE: April 22, 2008
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