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Volume 40, Issue 8
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Iwao SHINMURA1974 Volume 40 Issue 8 Pages 735-749
Published: August 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSince September 1971, the present writer has been studying the genus Porphyra in the north-eastern coast of Tanegashima Island, Kagoshima Prefecture, and of these species of Porphyra, one is ascertained to be a new species. In the present paper, Porphyra tanegashimensis sp. nov. is proposed and discussed in comparison with some other related species of Porphyra. The main morphological and ecological characters of this new species are as follows:
1) The present plants are found during all seasons of the year in the form of leaf-like fronds, and well grown ones, reaching 10-15 cm in height, though chiefly found from September to November. The most noticeable characteristic of these plants is that the fronds issue many linear lateral branches.
2) Sexual reproductive organs are found from late September to early April.
3) Monosporangia are formed at the upper marginal part of the frond through all seasons, and the monospores are mostly liberated from March to September.
4) Both germinating monospore and conchospore grow into similar plants with the lateral branches mentioned above.
5) The adequate water temperatures for growth of the plants are recognized to be higher by 3-5°C than those for some other species of the cultivated Porphyra.View full abstractDownload PDF (1412K) -
Hisatsugu WAKABAYASHI, Syuzo EGUSA1974 Volume 40 Issue 8 Pages 751-757
Published: August 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMorphological, cultural and biochemical characteristics of 12 cultures of myxobacteria isolated mainly from eels with ‘branchionephritis’ and cyprinids with ‘ulcer disease’ were studied.
These organisms were gram-negative, slender rods which exhibited gliding motility on agar medium. All cultures were able to grow at 5°, 10°, 20° and 27°, and tolerated a sodium chloride concentration of 1% for growth. They were uniform in their biochemical properties, though diverse in the production of cytochrome oxidase and in the reduction of nitrate. Some distinguishing features of the organisms were as follows: Degradation of starch, esculin and chitin; utilization of glucose, galactose and citrate; decomposition of tyrosine; nonproduction of hydrogen sulfide; negative reaction to Congo red. They are physiologically similar to the myxobacteria isolated from the Amerian hatchery-raised salmonids with gill disease, tail rot or other myxobacterial infections.
The histopathological features of experimentally infected eels resembled those of salmonids with ‘hemorrhagic type of gill disease’ described by WOOD and YASUTAKE.View full abstractDownload PDF (1158K) -
Effect of dry ice and iron fish container on the freshness of fishesMitsugi NAGAMATSU1974 Volume 40 Issue 8 Pages 759-765
Published: August 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor providing the nation with fresh fish through the improvement of transportation technics, in 1962 fish transportation tests between Minato Station and Tokyo-Market Station were carried out to investigate the effect of dry ice and iron fish containers on the freshness of squid (Todarodes pacificus), where the iron fish containers were laid out within the wagon according to the orthogonal layout.
It was revealed that (1) iron fish containers were more effective than wooden ones; (2) dry ice could not be found directly effective, but depending on the manner of using it, it can be expected to prove effective somewhat.View full abstractDownload PDF (343K) -
The Carotenoid Pigments of Sesarma (Holometopus) haematocheir and Sesarma (Sesarma) intermediaTakao MATSUNO, Tetsuo WATANABE1974 Volume 40 Issue 8 Pages 767-774
Published: August 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe carotenoid pigments of the carapace of two species of crabs, Sesarma (Holometopus) haematocheir and Sesarma (Sesarma) intermedia, were investigated. The following five carotenoid pigments were identified after saponification: β-carotene, lutein, zeaxanthin, astacene, and α-doradecin. α-Doradecin (40-50%) was the principal carotenoid pigment.
On the other hand in the exuviae of Sesarma (Sesarma) intermedia, lutein, zeaxanthin, astaxanthin, and α-doradexanthin were found in free forms, and lutein (43%) was the principal carotenoid pigment.
In the hepatopancreas β-carotene (42-60%) was dominant and flavoxanthin (3-7%), undetected in carapace, was found in two species.View full abstractDownload PDF (402K) -
Preventive Effect of Thianime on Nutritional Disease of Yellowtail Fed Anchovy (2)Tadashi ISHIHARA, Masato YASUDA, Satoshi KASHIWAGI, Mutuko AKIYAMA, Mo ...1974 Volume 40 Issue 8 Pages 775-781
Published: August 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSYellowtail fed on raw anchovy as a sole feeding stuff with or without thiamine was analyzed for thiamine, pyruvic acid, lipid and protein contents in various tissues.
The results obtained may be summarized as follows:
1. In the fish kept on raw anchovy with no added thiamine, the contents of thiamine, cholestrol and triglyceride in various tissues were significantly decreased, while pyruvic acid in the blood increased. The pyruvic acid and thiamine contents however, were restored to normal levels when thiamine was added to the meat.
2. The fish reared on raw anchovy with added thiamine during the entire period showed a similar body composition to the fish given horse mackerel, mackerel and sand launce which contain no thiaminase.View full abstractDownload PDF (1206K) -
Isao YANO1974 Volume 40 Issue 8 Pages 783-787
Published: August 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe incorporation of radioactivity into chitin of the exoskeleton after injection of glucose-1-C14 into the blood of a shore crab, Gaetice depressus, was studied in relation to chitin synthesis at stages of the molting cycle.
The ratio of chitin to organic matter was determined to be 67.9% in the completed exoskeleton, but different in each cuticle layer; that is, 22.4% in the exocuticle, 74.9% in the endocuticle, and 63.3% in the membranous layer.
During the period of endocuticle formation, the radioactivity was rapidly incorporated into chitin within several hours after the injection of glucose-1-C14, while that in blood decreased correspondingly.
Throughout the molting cycle, the highest value of incorporation within 24 hours was shown at one day after molting suggesting that the most active synthesis of chitin occurs at the beginning of endocuticle formation and slows down thereafter with the lapse of time.View full abstractDownload PDF (300K) -
Pink Color Fixation of the Salted Product of Alaska Pollack Roe with Nicotinic Acid and NicotinamideChiaki KOIZUMI, Junsaku NONAKA1974 Volume 40 Issue 8 Pages 789-797
Published: August 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe salted product of Alaska pollack roe, “Tarako”, is one of the tasty foods peculiar to Japan. The Alaska pollack roe develops the desirable pink color of nitric oxide hemoglobin when it is salted with nitrite and sodium ascorbate; however, addition of nitrite to the product is prohibited by law because of the prospective formation of carcinogenic nitrosamine. This paper presents the possible substitution of nitrite with nicotinic acid or nicotinamide which might combine with hemoglobin to form hemochrome, a pink pigment, in the salted roe product.
A little hemochrome was formed in a model system consisting of myoglobin, nicotinic acid, and reducing agent. Myoglobin increased markedly in its ability to form hemochrome with the ligands if it had been denatured to some extent by any treatment such as with heat, acid, diluted alcohol, and/or urea. γ-Ray irradiation of myoglobin did not increase the extent of hemochrome formation with the ligands.
When the fresh roe was treated with salt solution containing 25% alcohol at pH 4.0-4.2 for one hr and then salted with additions of sodium ascorbate and nicotinic acid or nicotinamide, the product developed pink color during storage in the refrigerator. The product was effectively protected from the discoloration due to oxidation of the pink pigment during storage by means of vacuum packaging.View full abstractDownload PDF (595K) -
Effect of Different Kinds of Plastic Casings on the Rate of Wettability and AdhesionMichio YOKOYAMA1974 Volume 40 Issue 8 Pages 799-805
Published: August 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present investigation was undertaken to measure the wettability of liquids such as water, eggwhite and oil on plastic casings and to measure the rate of meat adhesion of fish meat products to plastic casings. The wettability of liquids on casings is measured by tilting a platform tester. It was found that polyamid, polyester, polyvinylidenchloride and polyvinylidenfluoride films result in a greater wettability of water and egg white than does polyethylen film. Regarding the adhesion of the fish meat to plastic casings, it was found that the rates of meat adhesion to polyamide, polyester, polyvinylidenechloride and polyvinylidenfluoride are very large and that the adhesion strengths of those plastics are in the range of 170-300 (g/3cm). There was no adhesion to any of the other kinds of casings investigated. It was found that wettability of water and egg white on plastic films can be correlated with the degree of adhesion of the fish meat to the casings.View full abstractDownload PDF (962K) -
Koji IMURA1974 Volume 40 Issue 8 Pages 807-814
Published: August 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe phosphodiesterase in the pyloric caeca of rainbow trout was purified about 260-fold to investigate the role of the enzyme in the digestive organ.
The optimum pH for the enzyme activity was approximately 9.0. This enzyme was activated by Mg2+ and Ca2+ and hydrolyzed RNA forming 5'-mononucleotides. However, the RNA hydrolyzing activity of the enzyme was much lower than that of alkaline RNase in the same tissue. In this enzyme preparation, 2':3' cyclic nucleotide 2'-phosphohydrolase activity was observed and the heat denaturation curve of this activity corresponded with that of the phosphodiesterase activity. From this fact, it is probable that this purified enzyme has both phosphodiesterase and 2':3'; cyclic nucleotide 2'-phosphohydrolase activity. The role of this enzyme in the digestive organ may be the cleavage of 2':3' cyclic nucleotides, which are the products of the RNA digestion by alkaline RNase, forming 3'-nucleotides.View full abstractDownload PDF (400K) -
Keisuke MIYAZAWA, Keiji ITO1974 Volume 40 Issue 8 Pages 815-818
Published: August 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe methanolic extract of a red alga Grateloupia turuturu was found to contain a large amount of an unknown base. It was isolated by ionexchange resin column chromatography and shown to afford arginine, citrulline and ornithine on acid hydrolysis. Its DNP-derivative was obtained as needles and gave DNP-citrulline and arginine when hydrolyzed with acid. The behavior of this peptide coincided well with that of synthesized L-citrullinyl-L-arginine on paper chromatography with 4 different solvent systems. The DNP-derivatives prepared from the isolated and synthesized specimens showed good agreement in both IR spectrum and melting point.View full abstractDownload PDF (239K) -
Ryushi ICHIKAWA, Ippei SUYAMA1974 Volume 40 Issue 8 Pages 819-824
Published: August 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSArtificially fertilized eggs of common flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus and a species of puffer, Fugu niphobles were reared until hatching in tritiated sea water of various concentrations. No significant difference in their hatchability was observed between control and tritiated water groups of 10-8 to 10-2 Ci/l. However, a decrease in puffer egg hatchability was observed in tritiated water of very high concentrations, i. e., 1 and 10 Ci/l. Absorbed radiation dose was calculated to be 2160 rad in 180 hours for the 1 Ci/l group and 15600 rad in 130 hours for the 10 Ci/l group. The hatched larvae of the 10 Ci/l group were rather inactive, lying on the bottom of the tank, whereas the control larvae swam actively. Compared with control larvae, the 10 Ci/l larvae developed smaller stumpy-shaped bodies with swollen abdomens. Although the eye diameter of the 10 Ci/l larvae was found to be only about 57 per cent that of the controls, the body weights of both groups were nearly equal, possibly due to the larger amount of residual yolk in the 10 Ci/l larvae. These findings indicate that the morphological development of embryos reared in tritiated water of high concentration is retarded.View full abstractDownload PDF (530K) -
A New Browning Bacteria Isolated from “Frozen Surimi”Yatsuka FUJITA, Miwako MIYAMOTO, Tosio MATSUDA1974 Volume 40 Issue 8 Pages 825-833
Published: August 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBrowning bacteria were isolated from 57 samples of “Frozen Surimi” manufactured in various parts of Japan during the summer of 1972 and viable cell counts made. The results obtained were as follows:
1. The viable cell counts ranged from 105 to 106 per gram of sample.
2. 18 new browning bacterial strains having the same morphological and biochemical characteristics were isolated from 3 of the 57 samples.
3. One strain caused browning discoloration in the saccharose/fish meat medium as well as the glucose/fish meat medium.
4. This strain, UFF 107, could be classified as a species of family Enterobacteriaceae by Bergey's manual (7 ed.), but it was imposible to identify the strain more specifically from the manual descriptions. However the characteristics of the strain coincided for the most part with those of Enterobacter cloacae in TAYLOR's report.
The G+C molar percentage of DNA in the strain was 50.78%, which coincides with that in genus Aerobacter (Enterobacter). Therefore, UFF 107 was identified as a species of E. cloacae.View full abstractDownload PDF (414K) -
Ching-Shung Wu, Hiroki NAKAGAWA, Kuniko SATAKE, Masamichi TOYOMIZU1974 Volume 40 Issue 8 Pages 835-840
Published: August 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe formation of glycerylphosphorylcholine (GPC) by enzymatic hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine (PC) was studied in carp Cyprinus carpio ordinary muscle by using PC-Me-14C and GPC-Me-14C as the substrates.
Nearly all the decomposition products of PC were GPC, and the rate of choline liberated from GPC was only about five percent of that from PC. Moreover, there was scarcely any accumulation of lysophosphatidylcholine in the decomposition pathway of PC to GPC. Thus it was concluded that the formation of GPC by enzymatic hydrolysis of PC was nearly quantitative in carp ordinary muscle.
During storage of carp and yellow tail Serbia quinqueradiata ordinary muscle, the formation of GPC increased progressively for 12 days at 0°C. The amount of GPC in yellow tail reached a plateau of approximately 68 μmoles/100g muscle after 30 days at -10°C.View full abstractDownload PDF (388K) -
Occurrence of CandicineTakeshi YASUMOTO, Mitsuharu ENDO1974 Volume 40 Issue 8 Pages 841-845
Published: August 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPrevious work on the viscera of a marine snail Turbo argyrostoma has revealed the presence of (3-methylthiopropyl) trimethylammonium chloride and an unidentified quaternary amine containing sulfur. In the present study, the occurrence of another amine having similar pharmacological activity was recognized. This third amine differed from the previous two in lacking sulfur and having a phenolic moiety. It was isolated by silicic acid column chromatography and was identified by chemical and spectral analyses as candicine chloride [(p-hydroxyphenethyl) trimethylammonium chloride].View full abstractDownload PDF (218K)
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