巻号一覧
41 巻, 4 号
選択された号の論文の16件中1～16を表示しています
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宮原 昭二郎, 野崎 征宜1975 年 41 巻 4 号 p. 377-382
発行日: 1975/04/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe present study was designed to elucidate fundamental properties of mineral oils, which are discharged on the surface of the sea and which often give rise to serious damages to various kinds of marine life and fisheries. In the preliminary experiments, the thickness of the average monomolecular films of five kinds of crude oil was measured with a suspended plate-type surface balance. With this, the largest area that the film of a given quantity of oil discharged into the sea can cover was calculated. The resulting values were much larger than those of the oil films which had ever been known. Together with it, the average molecular weight of these kinds of crude oil was measured by the Rast's cryoscopic method.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (315K) -
単一線維の応答様式について清原 貞夫, 日高 磐夫, 田村 保1975 年 41 巻 4 号 p. 383-391
発行日: 1975/04/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe stimulatory effects of various substances contained in the extract of short-necked clam on the lip chemoreceptors of puffer, Fugu pardalis, were studied by recording the electrical responses from the taste nerve supplying the chemoreceptors.
Among twenty-one amino acids tested at 0.01M, L-alanine, L-aspartic acid, glycine and L-proline stimulated the receptors. Nucleotides such as adenosine-5'-monophosphate, inosine-5'-monophosphate, uridine-5'-monophosphate, and adenosine-5'-diphosphate were also effective.
The fibers tested in single unit or in few fiber preparations were roughly divided into three groups; first, those responding well to hydrochloric acid, second, those responding well to nucleotides, and third, those responding well to amino acids. Thus the puffer seems to have different receptors for the three kinds of substances. Most of the fibers in the third group responded uniformly to alanine, glycine, and proline. Similarly, the second group tended to respond to all of inosine-5'-monophosphate, uridine-5'-monophosphate, and adenosine-5'-diphosphate. Fibers responsive to betaine were found in both the first and the third groups, indicating that there exist at least two kinds of receptors for betaine.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (531K) -
板鰓魚類網膜の視細胞と分光感度丹羽 宏, 田村 保1975 年 41 巻 4 号 p. 393-401
発行日: 1975/04/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーTwo types of photoreceptors were present in both Dasyatis akajei and D. navarrae which were easily differentiated morphologically into rods and cones at the microscopic level. The lack of cones was found in another 7 species of sharks. Instead they showed exclusive domination by retinal rods.
Physiological follow-up investigations using S-potential showed that Dasyatis akajei gave the chromatic (C) response to S-potential. No trace of the C-response was observed in the retinae of four species of sharks.
From these observations the ability to discriminate color is thought to exist in the Dasyatis whereas the sharks in all probability are color blind.
All these species gave the L-response to S-potential, in which maximum wavelength was found at 494nm in sharks and at 525-548nm in Dasyatis. The former closely corresponds with the absorption maxima of visual pigments of shallow-sea sharks.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (3692K) -
菅野 泰次1975 年 41 巻 4 号 p. 403-411
発行日: 1975/04/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーTo examine the method of estimation of age composition of the tanner crab, Chionoecetes opilio, the frequency distribution of the carapace width was analized, basing on an assumption that the variation of the carapace of a single moulting age is subject to a normal distribution.
In samples collected in the south Saghalien area in 1971, the frequency distribution of the carapace width ranged from 80mm to 140mm or more these were divided into 5 basic size groups to represent succesive moulting ages, the mean for each group being 85mm, 98mm, 112mm, 124mm and 134mm and the standard deviations of 3.3-5.6mm.
Application of the 5 normal distributions described as the formula F (x)=∑aiφi (x) to the commercial catch carght in east Saghalien area in 1970 showed high comformity between observed and calculated frequencies.
From the above results, it seems that a method for the estimation of age composition is available for practical use, when adequate estimates of growth in relation to moulting age can be obtained with accuracy in the future by experimental studies.
Growth of the carapace width regarding moulting ages fits the logistic equation, lt=152/1+e2.31-0.399t抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (496K) -
ウキゴリの造血器官にみられる周年変化田村 栄光, 本間 義治1975 年 41 巻 4 号 p. 413-422
発行日: 1975/04/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe hemopoietic organs of the forktongue goby, Chaenogobius urotaenia, were examined histologically with emphasis on the changes in the interrenal tissue during sexual maturity.
In adult fish, the greatest enlargement of the parenchymatous tissue of the thymus with an increase in the number of small lymphocytes occurs in July, while the greatest number of small lymphocytes in the spleen and head kidney occurs one to two months later. In the underyearling fish, the parenchymatous thymus reaches its highest activity at the time of ascending the river from July to August, and lymphopoiesis in the spleen and head kidney become highest about two months later, i. e., in October. The cyclic pattern of the activity of these organs in the underyearling is fairly identical with that of the adult form. The interrenal cells of adult fish reach their greatest size just before the breeding period, and, conversely, are smallest from August to September. The recovery phase is detected when the gonadal development becomes active again. A nearly identical situation of the interrenal gland is seen in the underyearling fish. The cyclic pattern of the changes in the interrenal cells is quite opposite to that of the changes in the number of small lymphocytes in the spleen and head kidney as described in the flathead goby, Luciogobius guttatus.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1668K) -
相模湾およびの周辺における移動田中 昌一1975 年 41 巻 4 号 p. 423-427
発行日: 1975/04/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーData from the releases of 224 yellowtails in Sagami Bay, central Japan, in 1963-65, together with the daily catches obtained in each set net in the bay, were analysed to study in detail the movement of this fish in the bay. The yellowtails occurred in the catches in a wave-like fashion at intervals of about 20 days during the fishing season which generally extended from January to May. The movement of the tagged fish are classified into four types: a) southward migration, b) rapid movement in the bay along the coast, c) continued in the bay for a relatively long time and d) northward migration. Some co-relationship was observed between water temperature and the movement. In the 1963 season, the water temperature was extremely low and the catch was very poor. The temperature rose unusually high toward the end of the season in 1964, and the fish tended to move northward and the fishing season ended about 20 days earlier than in 1965. The temperature was slightly high in January of 1965 and the opening of the fishing season was delayed. But thereafter, it remained within the suitable range and the fish tended to stay in the bay providing a good catch.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (220K) -
ニジマスおよびコイに対する塩類混合物含量が異なる飼料の影響荻野 珍吉, 神薗 真人1975 年 41 巻 4 号 p. 429-434
発行日: 1975/04/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーDiets containing graded levels of salt-mixture (McCOLLUM's salt-mixture no. 185 plus trace elements) were given to young rainbow trout and carp for 50 days.
Dietary levels of the salt-mixture exerted a strong influence on growth and mortality in rainbow trout and on growth in carp. Rainbow trout were more sensitive to the lack of the dietary salt-mixture than carp. The diet deficient in the salt-mixture resulted in retarded growth, high mortality, anemia and malformation of the head in rainbow trout.
The optimal content of the salt-mixture in the diet was proven to be 4 to 5% for both species under the present experimental conditions.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1119K) -
永山 文男, 梅沢 一民1975 年 41 巻 4 号 p. 435-442
発行日: 1975/04/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーLaminarin hydrolase of the ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi, was found to comprise an endoglucanase (percentage activity, 23%), two exoglucosidases (20 and 42%), and a nonspecific β-glucosidase (15%). They were separated by DEAE-Sephadex chromatography followed by gel filtration.
Endoglucanase (laminarinase, EC 3. 2. 1. 6, or endo-1, 3-β-glucanase, EC 3. 2. 1. 39, mol. wt. 20, 000) produced oligosaccharides and glucose from laminarin, and exhibited maximum activity at pH 5.5. It was inhibited by iodoacetamide but not by glucono-1, 4-lactone. Vanadium pentoxide and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid activated the enzyme.
Exoglucosidase (exo-1, 3-β-glucosidase, EC 3. 2. 1. 58) was separated into two enzymes. The one (mol. wt. 370, 000), exhibiting maximum activity at pH 6.5, was inhibited by glucono-1, 4-lactone but not by iodoacetamide, and activated by sodium chloride. The only reaction product was glucose. The other (mol. wt. 120, 000), showing maximum activity at pH 6.0, was inhibited by both glucono-1, 4-lactone and iodoacetamide. The main product was glucose, but a small quantity of biose was found in the reaction mixture.
Nonspecific β-glucosidase (EC 3. 2. 1. 21) also hydrolyzed laminarin to produce glucose at a slow rate. Its molecular weight was estimated to be 80, 000, and the optimum pH was 4.8.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (364K) -
竹田 正彦, 示野 貞夫, 細川 秀毅, 梶山 英俊, 会所 建志1975 年 41 巻 4 号 p. 443-447
発行日: 1975/04/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーFour experimental diets containing calorie/protein ratios of 54, 70, 92 and 142 kcal/kg/% protein were fed to young yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata) for 4 weeks. Dietary calorie/protein ratios correlated negatively with weight gain, feed efficiency ratio and apparent lipid retention, and positively with percentage liver lipids. The maximum protein efficiency ratio and its retention were obtained with the experimental diet containing approximately 40% protein and 24% lipid, which is calculated to provide approximately 90 kcal of metabolizable energy for each 1% protein, whereas the maximum energy retention was obtained with the experimental diet containing 55% protein and 17% lipid, which is calculated to provide 70 kcal for each 1% protein. The data indicated that a proper balance between energy and protein was important for optimum growth and feed conversion of yellowtail, as is true for other species, and that it was possible to reduce the protein level of yellowtail diet from 70 to 55% without retardation of growth if the calorie content was maintained with pollack liver oil at a level isocaloric with the original diet.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (319K) -
メダカによるラジオトレーサーモデル実験関沢 泰治, 梅村 甲子郎, 志村 勝, 鈴木 明, 菊池 孝彦1975 年 41 巻 4 号 p. 449-458
発行日: 1975/04/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーResidue analyses on 3H•2-amino-4-phenylthiazole were performed in medaka (killifish, Oryzias latipes). This fish was selected because of its ready application in radiotracer experiments and its marked and unique ability to detoxify the piscine anesthetic, 2-amino-4-phenylthiazole to its N-hexuronyl conjugate. The absorption/excretion balance showed an average 102% recovery indicating that the excretion treatment effectively exhausted the residue from medaka. The half-life for retention of this compound and its N-hexuronyl conjugate in the body of the fish was approximately 12-15 hours. The fates of both the anesthetic and its N-hexuronyl conjugate in the fish body were determined separately in a time course survey using TLC radiography. Plots for the excretion of the major product, i. e. the conjugate, and the anesthetic per se produced two crossing exponential curves suggesting that there are two compartmentations of both the conjugate and the anesthetic per se in medaka. A mathematical simulation of the residue was also described.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (617K) -
淡水産および海産ボラの比較松野 隆男, 永田 誠一, 千葉 健治1975 年 41 巻 4 号 p. 459-464
発行日: 1975/04/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe carotenoid pigments from the fin and skin of striped mullets (fresh water cultured young, immature, sea water cultured young, immature and natural immature) were investigated.
They have similar carotenoid patterns, consisting of β-carotene (1.5, trace, 0.8, trace, 0.9%), isocryptoxanthin (0.2, 1.0, -, trace, -%), cryptoxanthin (1.0, 3.0, -, trace, 1.0%), tunaxanthin (12.6, 16.3, 5.5, 7.6, 3.7%), lutein (26.5, 40.2, 13.2, 7.9, 13.6%), zeaxanthin (49.4, 29.2, 32.0, 35.1, 43.4%), diatoxanthin(5.8, 2.5, 43.5, 36.4, 30.7%), cynthiaxanthin (2.9, 6.7, 5.0, 12.1, 3.8%), astacene (-, 0.3, -, 0.9, -%), unidentified I (-, 1.0, -, -, 0.7%), and unidentified II (-, -, -, -, 1.5%) respectively. The major carotenoids in the fresh water cultured young and immature fishes were lutein (26.5-40.2%) and zeaxanthin (29.0-49.4%) while in sea water cultured young, immature and natural immature, they were zeaxanthin (32.0-43.4%) and diatoxanthin (30.7-43.5%), which was isolated in crystalline form.
These results seem to suggest that the environmental water conditions are reflected in the differences in major carotenoids between striped mullets of fresh water origin and sea water origin.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (342K) -
邱 景雲, 荻野 珍吉1975 年 41 巻 4 号 p. 465-466
発行日: 1975/04/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe digestibility of potato starch in carp was determined at different dietary levels by the direct method. The digestibility of α-starch averaged 85% regardless of the dietary starch levels within the range from 19 to 48%, while that of β-starch decreased gradually as the starch level increased. The digestibility of β-starch was lower than that of α-starch.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (119K) -
マガキからのβ-ホモベタインの単離とマガキおよびホタテガイ中のベタイン類の含量阿部 重信, 金田 尚志1975 年 41 巻 4 号 p. 467-471
発行日: 1975/04/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn our previous work, β-homobetaine isolated from a green laver had been found to be a hypocholesterolemic agent. The present paper deals with a survey of the presence of β-homobetaine in oyster Ostrea gigas and scallop Pecten yessoensis, known foodstuffs in Japan. From the basic fraction of oyster extract, two hydrochlorides were isolated and identified as β-homobetaine and glycine betaine.
Further studies on the determination of these betaines were carried out, and the authors observed that β-homobetaine was present in both adductor muscles of oyster and scallop.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (238K) -
解糖系酵素の作用におよぼす凍結貯蔵中の温度上昇の影響石川 宣次, 中村 邦典, 藤井 豊1975 年 41 巻 4 号 p. 473-479
発行日: 1975/04/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーDeep-frozen skipjack specimens were subjected to raised temperature treatments just before termination of the storage period in order to examine the effects of rises in temperature on the activities of glycolytic enzymes possibly responsible for the orange discoloration in skipjack meats.
Group D was treated at 7-10°C for 7 hours; group H, at 0±1°C for two days interrupted by a one-day interval; group I, at 0±1°C for 4 consecutive days.
The greatest decreases in glycogen phosphorylase and phosphoglucomutase activities occurred in group I, with lesser decreases in groups H and D. Intrinsic hexokinase activity was very low in the skipjack specimens used. No marked influence was found on phosphoglucose isomerase activity. Phosphofructokinase activity was remarkably affected, the lowest occurring in group I, followed by H and then D. In these groups, D-glucose 6-phosphate, added as the substrate, remained in the reaction mixture for the most part.
These results infer that the accumulation of D-glucose-6-phosphate in skipjack meat is caused by decreased phosphofructokinase activity, the decrease being accelerated by rises in temperature during storage.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (448K) -
ジメチルスルフィドおよびジメチン-β-プロピオテチン含量野田 宏行, 堀口 吉重1975 年 41 巻 4 号 p. 481-486
発行日: 1975/04/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーUsing seven specimens of the dried laver from various culture grounds in Japan, one specimen from Korea, and one from indoor culture, the significance of dimethyl sulfide and its precursor, dimethyl-β-propiothetin, as flavor substances was examined. All these specimens were almost equal to each other in regard to color and luster, and showed no remarkable difference in proximate composition and contents of pigments and minerals. On the other hand, the concentration of dimethyl sulfide varied considerably, being 215 to 292 ppb in the samples from culture grounds in Japan, 168 ppb in a sample from Korea, and 88 ppb in that from indoor culture, reflecting the strength of odor in organoleptic examination. The concentration of dimethyl sulfide was closely related to that of dimethyl-β-propiothetin.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (325K) -
上村 俊一1975 年 41 巻 4 号 p. 487
発行日: 1975/04/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (81K)
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