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Volume 41, Issue 6
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
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Akira OCHIAI, Manabu OGAWA, Susumu UMEDA, Nobuhiko TANIGUCHI1975 Volume 41 Issue 6 Pages 609-614
Published: June 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo estimate possible changes in the blood of Japanese eel attributable to sex and maturity differences, hematocrit, hemoglobin content, erythrocyte count and plasma protein were examined quantitatively and electrophoretically for used eel samples with or without hormone injection. At present, maturity of the eel samples treated with hormone was divided into three stages, immature, maturing and mature, by ratios of the gonad and body weights. In male treated with gonadotropin there was no significant change in erythrocyte count and plasma protein from the immature stage to the mature, but gross changes occurred in hematocrit and hemoglobin content at the mature stage. In female treated with gonadotropin, estrogen or releasing hormone, hematocrit, hemoglobin content and erythrocyte count were reduced greatly with gonad maturation. Sexual maturation of the female eel with gonadotropin and estrogen seemed to be accompanied by profound changes in plasma protein, average values of which were 18.4, 16.7 and 7.9 in g/dl at the immature, maturing and mature stages, respectively. In female, starch gel electrophoretic pattern of plasma protein changed to a great extent with maturation.View full abstractDownload PDF (404K) -
Interspecific Relationships Concerning Habitat and FoodMichio OMORI1975 Volume 41 Issue 6 Pages 615-629
Published: June 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFish materials for the investigation of stomach contents were obtained from catches by the coastal trawl fishery in Sendai Bay. The various food organisms for the demersal fishes were classified into three groups in accordance to the differences in the degree of dependance to the bottom, and these are pelagic fauna, epifauna and infauna. Judging from the composition of these three life forms of the food organisms, demersal fishes can be classified clearly into three feeding types, namely pelagic fauna feeder, epifauna feeder and infauna feeder.
The operation records of the coastal trawl fishery were used for investigating coaction concerning habitat selection among the fishes belonging to the same feeding type. The habitat segregate among the fishes belonging to the infauna feeder, showed the existence of coaction in the selection of habitat. The coaction becomes more severe with increments in the degree of resemblance of feeding habit between two species.
The overall density of the infauna feeder increased with the decrease of grain size of bottom sediment. Entirely different from the case of the infauna feeder, the most densely living place for the entire epifauna feeders, is in the relatively hard bottom area of 2-3φ of mean diameter of bottom sediment. These relationships show the same tendency with the relationships between the density of epifauna or infauna and the grain size of bottom sediments in Long Island Sound and Buzzard Bay. Among fishes belonging to the same feeding type in the region of same mean diameter of grain size range, MOTOMURA's law of geometrical progression can be applied. From these facts, it is thought that the entire density of the fishes belonging to each feeding type is restricted by the density of infauna and epifauna, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (885K) -
K. T. VIJAYAMADHAVAN, Tamotsu IWAI1975 Volume 41 Issue 6 Pages 631-639
Published: June 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study was aimed at confirming whether metal-permeation into taste cells was responsible for the histological damage of taste buds of goldfish exposed to heavy metals. Histochemical observations employing TIMM's sulphide-silver method were made on the taste buds located in the palatal organs of goldfish exposed to 10-4M solutions of mercuric chloride, copper sulphate and zinc chloride, and 10-3M solutions of copper sulphate, zinc chloride and lead nitrate, Results revealed that the rate of metal-permeation into taste cells varied with the kind of metal, the concentration of the metallic ions in the medium, and the duration of exposure. In terms of permeation rate the sequence of metals was found to be mercury, copper, zinc and lead. Mercury damaged not only the taste buds but the entire epithelial layers within 30min. Lead affected mucous cells more than the taste buds. The results suggest that histological damage is associated with a ?? preceded by metal-permeation. During the early phase of exposure, mercury, copp ?? (10-4M) and zinc (10-3M) were found to permeate into one type of taste bud cell at ?? faster rate than into others.View full abstractDownload PDF (2299K) -
Osame TABETA, Toru TAKAI, Isao MATSUI1975 Volume 41 Issue 6 Pages 641-644
Published: June 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe authors obtained six specimens of the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica T. et S. from Cagayan River, near Aparri City, Luzon Island, the Philippines. These specimens were taken as elvers from the river in January and February, 1974, and reared for a period in the Philippines. This is the first record of the Japanese eel from the Philippines and the southernmost locality for the eel. It is likely that the Japanese eel constituted 1-2% of elvers collected in Cagayan Estuary in January and February, 1974. The authors could not find this eel in the samples taken in the other months. A key to the species was given for the Philippine eels.View full abstractDownload PDF (601K) -
Hideo MIYOSHI, Koichi NAKAMOTO1975 Volume 41 Issue 6 Pages 645-652
Published: June 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWith the aim of evaluating factors which may influence the bacterial distribution in the sea of Hiuchi-Nada area, bacteriological and oceanographic surveys were conducted. By regression analysis the following equation was obtained from 98 sets of observations:
log Y=0.104X1-0.515X2+0.003X4+2.745
where Y is the number of total bacteria, X1 is the temperature of water, X2 is the temperature difference between sample and surface water, X4 is the ultraviolet absorption value of water at 270 mμ. The multiple coefficient of determination adjusted for the degree of freedom was 77.7%. It seems reasonable to assume that only 3 variables, X1, X2 and X4, were mainly involved in the seasonal, vertical and geographic distributions of total bacteria in the waters.View full abstractDownload PDF (355K) -
Administration of CarotenoidsMasahiro HATA, Mitsuo HATA1975 Volume 41 Issue 6 Pages 653-655
Published: June 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFancy red carp accumulated ingested astaxanthin in the integument. Zeaxanthin was converted to astaxanthin de novo. Lutein was converted not to astaxanthin, but to doradexanthin.View full abstractDownload PDF (132K) -
Constituents of the Red Marine Alga, Rhodomela subfusaKazuya KURATA, Takashi AMIYA1975 Volume 41 Issue 6 Pages 657-659
Published: June 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSix crystalline substances were isolated from a methanol extract of the red marine alga, Rhodomela subfusa, and investigated by ultraviolet absorption, infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry and chemical methods.
Three of them were identified as 2, 3-dibromo-4, 5-dihydroxybenzyl methyl ether, 2, 3-dibromo-4, 5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde and 2, 3-dibromobenzyl alcohol 4, 5-disulfate dipotassium salt. The yields of these bromophenols amounted to 0.06%, 0.02% and 9.2% of the dried seaweed respectively.
The remaining three compounds were shown to be cholesterol, palmitic acid and trans-aconitic acid.View full abstractDownload PDF (202K) -
Morihiko SAKAGUCHI, Akira KAWAI1975 Volume 41 Issue 6 Pages 661-665
Published: June 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe addition of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMO) to a culture medium containing glucose, casamino acids, yeast extracts and inorganic salts promoted the growth of Escherichia coli. No further breakdown of trimethylamine which is formed from TMO was observed during the period of cell growth. The addition of the oxide resulted in a remarkable increase in TMO reductase levels in cells, depending on the amount added to the culture. The increase was attributable to induced synthesis of the reductase as evidenced by the prevention of de novo synthesis of the enzyme protein in the presence of actinomycin D and chloramphenicol.View full abstractDownload PDF (275K) -
Toshiharu KAWABATA, Takeshi MIZUKAMI, Reiko OHARA, Junko SHINOHARA1975 Volume 41 Issue 6 Pages 667-674
Published: June 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA microbiological evaluation of 22 samples of frozen shrimps imported from tropical areas was undertaken with results as follows:
1. Total aerobic plate counts determined at 37°C (mesophiles) were found to range from 6.2×102 to 2.3×105/g, except one sample showing as much as 107/g. In contrast, those counts determined at 25°C (psychrophiles) were 2 to 1000 times higher than those of mesophiles.
2. Caliform organisms could be detected only in one sample, while enterococci were detected in 9 out of 12 samples. As to volatile basic nitrogen contents, 8 out of 22 samples contained more than 30mg/100g,
3. It was noted that more than 70% of either aerobic mesophiles in 17 samples or psychrophiles in 14 samples consisted of Gram-positive bacteria, the most predominant organisms belonging to Micrococcus-Streptococcus, Staphylococcus or Microbacterium-Corynebacterium. On the other hand, Gram-negative bacteria isolated were rather few in number, and the majority of these isolates were found to belong to Flavobacterium-Cytophaga, Pseudomonas, Moraxella and Acinetobacter.
4. No specific or close relationship could be observed between the microflora of the shrimp samples and their respective producing areas.View full abstractDownload PDF (467K) -
Carotenoids of Japanese Sculpins and White GobiesTakao MATSUNO, Masaaki KATSUYAMA1975 Volume 41 Issue 6 Pages 675-679
Published: June 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe carotenoid pigments from the fin and skin of Japanese sculpings and white gobies were investigated. They have similar carotenoid patterns, consisting of β-carotene (trace, 0.9, 0.9%), cryptoxanthin (7.0, 4.8, 3.6%), tunaxanthin (59.1, 47.2, 23.7%), lutein (13.9, 3.3, 8.8%), zeaxanthin (9.9, 5.4, 11.2%), unidentified (trace, -, 1.5%), diatoxanthin (3.8, 3.6, 2.2%), cynthiaxanthin (3.2, 26.5, 43.6%), triol (β-carotene type) (1.0, trace, trace), tetraol (β-carotene type) (trace, trace, trace), astacene (trace, 4.0, 0.9%) and β-doradecin (2.0, 4.3, 3.6%) respectively.
Tunaxanthin and cynthiaxanthin were predominant in Japanese sculpins and white gobies respectively.
From the results of the present and formerly reported data, the authors proposed the assumption that tunaxanthin might be a chemical indicator in the division percichthyes.View full abstractDownload PDF (284K) -
Carotenoids of Common Ice-fish and Sea SmeltTakao MATSUNO, Masaaki KATSUYAMA, Masaaki UEMURA1975 Volume 41 Issue 6 Pages 681-684
Published: June 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCarotenoid pigments from the skin and fin of common ice-fish and sea smelt were investigated.
The main pigment in these fishes was zeaxanthin.
In addition to zeaxanthin, β-carotene, cryptoxanthin, lutein, diatoxanthin, cynthiaxanthin and astacene were found in small amounts.View full abstractDownload PDF (196K) -
Mitsuzo TAKAGI, Hanako MURAYAMA, Suga SOMA1975 Volume 41 Issue 6 Pages 685-690
Published: June 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMaterials used for the present study of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) concentrations in the muscle, liver and egg of four species of flatfish were collected from 14 locations in the Eastern Bering Sea. Analysis proved that PCB concentrations in muscle ranged between 0.02-0.13 ppm with distinct differences within the same species depending on the source location. PCB contents in liver samples ranged from 0.06-0.27 ppm, i, e., always higher than the muscle values, and egg PCB contents were 0.01-0.03 ppm, i, e., lower than muscle levels.View full abstractDownload PDF (317K) -
The Level of 90Sr in Marine Organisms from the Coastal Sea of JapanTaishi UEDA, Yuzuru SUZUKI, Ryoichi NAKAMURA1975 Volume 41 Issue 6 Pages 691-698
Published: June 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo determine the level of 90Sr intake by marine oranisms from fallout, fish (whole body and bone), molluscan shell and brown seaweed from the coastal waters of Japan were investigated during the period from 1963 to 1971. From these observations, the 90Sr concentration factor and observed ratio were calculated. The 90Sr level in marine organisms was found to have gradually decreased since 1963 in parallel with the decrease in sea water 90Sr content: from 0.5 SU in 1963 to 0.1 in 1971 for fish bone. The concentration factors for 90Sr ranged from 12 to 109 in fish bone, from 40 to 205 in molluscan shell and from 3 to 10 in brown seaweed. The observed ratios for 90Sr were 0.40, 0.32, 0.21 and 3.54 in bone and whole body of fish, molluscan shell and brown seaweed, respectively. These figures were similar to those for stable Sr. The 90Sr specific activity in marine organisms was also comparable to that in sea water, suggesting that, for marine organisms, fallout 90Sr becomes physicochemically indistinguishable from stable Sr within a relatively short time after entering sea water.View full abstractDownload PDF (419K) -
Sugar, Base, Phosphate, and Lipid MoietiesShin-ya FUKE, Katsumi YAMAGUCHI, Kanehisa HASHIMOTO, Fumio MATSUURA1975 Volume 41 Issue 6 Pages 699-705
Published: June 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe three major components (I, II, and VI) of the green pigment from skipjack erythrocytes were analyzed for sugar, base, phosphate, and lipid moieties. The sugar moiety was mainly ribose, and its content ranged from 12 to 17% depending upon the component. The base moiety was composed of adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil, the total content being 3-4% in all three components. The phosphate content ranged from 6% (component VI) to 18%. (component II). The lipid content of component II, the only component analyzed for lipid, was 15% and consisted of glyceride, free fatty acid, and phospholipid.View full abstractDownload PDF (358K) -
A Membrane-bound Enzyme in Escherichia coliMorihiko SAKAGUCHI, Akira KAWAI1975 Volume 41 Issue 6 Pages 707
Published: June 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (72K)
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