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Volume 42, Issue 12
Displaying 1-20 of 20 articles from this issue
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Small Trawl Nets ResourcesTsuyoshi KAWASAKI1976 Volume 42 Issue 12 Pages 1323-1332
Published: December 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to prepare materials for a re-evaluation of the coastal fisheries, the present state of the living resources taken by small trawl nets in Sendai Bay and adjacent waters was studied. Using the statistical data of catch and effort during 1957-1973, the following results were obtained.
1) Within less than two decades the fishing efforts of the small trawl nets in Sendai Bay have increased by 6-7 times.
2) The density of the total stock as the object of the small trawl nets in Sendai Bay shows a general tendency toward decline.
The stock levels of flounder and plaice, the commercially most important fishes in Sendai Bay, have greatly diminished since about 1965, falling into the overfished states.
4) The fluctuation in catch and CPUE of Pacific cod and Alaska pollack well reflects the fluctuation in their stocks.View full abstractDownload PDF (396K) -
Osame TABETA, Toru TAKAI, Isao MATSUI1976 Volume 42 Issue 12 Pages 1333-1338
Published: December 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThree specimens of short finned eel, 70.5-81.0mm in total length, were found in the samples collected in Nagata River, Shimonoseki, Japan, on July 9, 1974. They have a total vertebral count of 114-117, predorsal 36 and 38, preanal 37 and 39, ano-dorsal 0 and 1, abdominal 44 and 45, and caudal 69 and 72, being easily distinguishable from the other specimens. Closer examination of this exotic eel revealed that they are tentatively referable to Anguilla australis RICHARDSON, which is known only from the southern hemisphere. These youngs are considered to be derivatives from the imported elvers for eel culture.View full abstractDownload PDF (1371K) -
Masao IWAHASHI, Haruo WAKUI1976 Volume 42 Issue 12 Pages 1339-1344
Published: December 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to improve the color of fancy carp, test diets containing alralfa meal, mysis, lutein or astaxanthin were fed to solid red yearlings and red mottled 3-year-old fish for 63 days.
The redness of the fish skin increased proportionally to the amounts of the carotenoids in the diets. Astaxanthin was more effective in color development than lutein, and produced bright red color. Cholesterol added to the test diets had no effect on the accumulation of carotenoids.
Accumulation rate of dietary carotenoids in the fish skin was calculated to be 2% in average.View full abstractDownload PDF (310K) -
Riichi KUSUDA, Kenji KAWAI, Toshio TOYOSHIMA, Isao KOMATSU1976 Volume 42 Issue 12 Pages 1345-1355
Published: December 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDuring the period from late July through September 1974, an epizootic occurred among cultured yellowtails in Tosashimizu Bay in Kochi Prefecture. The typical symptoms of the disease were bilateral exophthalmos (Fig. 1), petechiae on the inside of the opercula and congestion of the pectoral and caudal fins. Internally there was congestion and haemorrhagia of the intestine, liver, spleen and kidney.
Tne causative organism was Gram-positive, nonsporing ovoid cells occurring in short chains and about 1.4×0.7μ (Fig. 2). Growth occurred at 10-45°C and optimum temperature appeared to be 20-37°C. Optimum salt concentration for growth was 0%, and growth occurred at the concentration range of 0-6.5%. Optimum pH for growth was about 7.5. The organism was inert to production of ammonia, gelatinase, urease, indol and hydrosulfide, and to reductions by methylene blue, litmas milk and nitrate. Catalase, starch hydrolysis, cytochrome oxdase, casein digestion and PT test were negative. MR test, VP reaction and TTC reduction were positive.
Because of the growth in 6.5% NaCl, at pH 9.6 and in 0.1% methylene blue milk, the organism was placed in the genus Streptococcus, group III. The organism was found to be not identical in its biochemical characteristic and pathogenicity to fish to any formerly established species of the genus Streptococcus.View full abstractDownload PDF (1744K) -
Toru SASAKI1976 Volume 42 Issue 12 Pages 1353-1356
Published: December 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe larvae collected from two species of mature females, Sebastes wakiyai and S. iracundus were examined. The size of these larvae when released were 2.9-3.2mm TL in S.wakiyai and 4.2-4.9mm TL in S. iracundus. It was easy to identify these larvae from the character of pigments and the size of the body. Comparing the present two species with three other species of rockfishes in Hokkaido already known, the larvae of each of these two species had specific pigment patterns which are considered most useful for identification.View full abstractDownload PDF (203K) -
Salt Requiremnts for Cytochromes in the Cytoplasmic MembraneKatsunobu DAIKU, Minoru SAKAI1976 Volume 42 Issue 12 Pages 1357-1364
Published: December 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (538K) -
Isolation and Identification of Phenyl-β-glucuronide Accumulated in Bile of GoldfishKunio KOBAYASHI, Shigeo KIMURA, Eiji SHIMIZU1976 Volume 42 Issue 12 Pages 1365-1372
Published: December 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe isolation, identification and accumulation of a conjugated-phenol in bile of goldfish, Carassius auratus, exposed to phenol have been studied. The accumulation of the conjugated-phenol in the bile of goldfish increased rapidly with exposure time, whereas the concentration of free-phenol remained at a much lower level. The conjugated-phenol was isolated by treating the bile on activated charcoal columns eluting with acetone-water, and finally passing the concentrated eluate through a Sephadex G-10 column. The isolated conjugate was identified as phenyl-β-glucuronide by hydrolysis with hot acidic solution and with β-glucuronidase to release free-phenol, by thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatography, and by the molar ratio of phenol to glucuronic acid. However, phenylsulfate which is another conjugate excreted by goldfish into surrounding water was not detected in the bile.View full abstractDownload PDF (467K) -
Chemical and Physicochemical Properties of the Polysaccharide (1)Koichi OKUTANI1976 Volume 42 Issue 12 Pages 1373-1379
Published: December 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSome chemical and physicochemical properties of an antitumor polysaccharide produced by Vibrio sp. No. 11-15, were investigated. Vibrio sp. No.11-15, isolated from sea water, produced extracellular polysaccharide on cultivation in a sea water medium containing 0.5% peptone and 0.1% yeast extract for 5-7 days at 25°C. A crude preparation of the polysaccharide was obtained from the viscous fermentation broth by precipitation with acetone. The acetone-precipitated polysaccharide was broth by precipitation with acetone. The acetone-precipitated polysaccharide was redissolved in M/100 EDTA and lyophilyzed after dialysis against water.
The partially purified polysaccharide preparation seemed to be homogeneous according to ultracentrifugation behavior. However, the data on cetyltrimethylammonium chloride precipitation indicated that it probably contains two different polysaccharide fractions.
The chemical analysis indicated that the polysaccharide contained 11.2% carbohydrate (as mannose), 1.5% amino sugar (as glucosamine) and 34.9% protein (as bovine serum albumin). In the infrared spectrum of the polysaccharide, absorption bands around 1250 and 820cm-1 which are characteristic of ester sulfates were found.
The relative viscosity [ηrel] of the polysaccharide decreased rapidly with increasing concentration of NaC1 above 0.1M. The neutralization equivalent, intrinsic viscosity and optical rotation of the polysaccharide were 972, 0.6 (g/100ml)-1 and [α]D+151° (C=0.95, water), respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (832K) -
Effect of Plunger DiameterYoshiaki TABATA, Ryoichi KANAZU1976 Volume 42 Issue 12 Pages 1381-1386
Published: December 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe correlation of sensory values with breaking strength (C. V.) of Kamaboko on the market was examined in relation to the plunger diameter.
C. V. was measured with curd or jello meters mounted with disc circular plungers of various diameters, i. e., 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4 and 4.5mm. The results are as follows:
1) The correlation coefficient of sensory values was maximal when C.V. were measured with a plunger of 2mm diameter. The coefficients decreased as the plunger diameter became larger than 2mm and smaller than 1.5mm.
2) There exists a rough inverse proportionality between C. V. and plunger diameters.View full abstractDownload PDF (342K) -
Sachio MOTEGI, Kazuo UEDA, Hiromi TANAKA, Minoru OHTA1976 Volume 42 Issue 12 Pages 1387-1394
Published: December 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA method for the determination of vinylidene chloride monomer (VDCM) in polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) film using gas chromatographic analysis was studied.
1-4g of PVDC film was extracted with 20ml of mixed solvent, CC14-Tetrahydrofran (7:3), and heated for 60 minutes at 50°C, then injected into a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detecter.
Recommended operating conditions are as follows;
(1) Glass or stainless steel column, 3-4mm i. d. ×3-4mm, packed with 25% SDC-550 on Gasport A (60-80 mesh)
(2) Column temperature, 50-60°C; Injection port temperature, 100-150°C
(3) Carrier gas: N2 20-60ml/min.
VDCM was identified by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry.
The limit of detection by this method was 1 ppm for VDCM in PVDC film.View full abstractDownload PDF (434K) -
Koichi KANNO, Yuichi KOTAKI, Takeshi YASUMOTO1976 Volume 42 Issue 12 Pages 1395-1398
Published: December 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe occurrence of various toxins in the turban shell Turbo argyrostoma, led us to investigate the distribution of these toxins in other species of molluscs associated with coral reefs. In the present study, the viscera of four species of gastropods, Turbo argyrostoma, Turbo marmorata, Tectus pyramis and Tectus nilotica maxima and 3 species of bivalves, Tridacna crocea, Tridacna squamosa and Tridacna maxima, were surveyed for the presence of toxins. The results showed that T. marmorata contained an appreciable amount of a water soluble toxin which differed from the one found in the turban shell. A remarkable toxicity was also recognized in the acetone soluble fraction of the hepatopancreas of T. maxima. The toxin seemed to differ from the quaternary amines previously found in T. argyrostoma. No significant toxicity was observed in the specimens of T. pyramis, T. nilo-tica maxima, T. crocea, and T. squamosa.View full abstractDownload PDF (221K) -
Takeshi YASUMOTO, Koichi KANNO1976 Volume 42 Issue 12 Pages 1399-1404
Published: December 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSInvestigation of the ether soluble fraction prepared from the viscera of a turban shell, Turbo argyrostoma, disclosed the presence of two toxins whose chromatographic behaviors resembled those of ciguatoxin and scaritoxin, respectively. Another toxin in the water soluble fraction was found to be closely related to maitotoxin on the basis of chromato-graphic behaviors, IR spectrum, and hydrolysis products which consisted of fatty acids, amino acids, and hexoses. Signs of toxicity in mice and fish were also indistinguishable from those induced by maitotoxin. From these results it may be reasonably said that the food poisoning which occurred in Marcus Island upon ingestion of the turban shell was due to ciguatera.View full abstractDownload PDF (328K) -
Isolation of Bacterium Producing a Surugatoxin-like SubstanceTakeo YAMAMOTO, Takuo KOSUGE, Hiroshi ZENDA, Hiroshi OBA1976 Volume 42 Issue 12 Pages 1405-1409
Published: December 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIsolation and structure determination of surugatoxin, which was found in the mid-gut gland of Japanese ivory shell, Babylonia japonica, were carried out by T. KOSUGE et al. in 1971. As the toxin was suspected to be exogenous, bacteria were isolated for screening tests from the bottom mud of the toxic area of Numazu, Shizuoka prefecture. One out of the 61 strains examined was found to produce a substance similar to surugatoxin in its mydriatic action in mice and its effect on nicotine and acetylcholine. The strain named F-2 is a Gram-positive coccus occurring in pairs and chains 1.1 ?? 1.2μm in diameter, non-motile and non-sporulating.View full abstractDownload PDF (284K) -
Ryokichi TARAO, Takanori TABATA, Minoru YASUHARA1976 Volume 42 Issue 12 Pages 1411-1422
Published: December 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThree species of fishes, red sea bream (Chrysophrys major), mejina (Girella punctata), and marbled rock fish (Sebasticus marmoratus) were reared in three kinds of sea water suspending the muds of Minamata Bay, whose total mercury concertra-tion levels were about 600 and 100 ppm-dry base-, and a reference mud (total mercury concentration: 0.1 ppm-dry base).The mercury in the muds was mainly in the form of insoluble compounds. The relationship between the rearing time in these sea waters and the increase in total and methyl mercury concentrations (T-Hg and M-Hg) of these fishes was traced.
Very small increases of T-Hg and M-Hg were observed during the experiments, although the equilibrium values (y∞) were rather low (maximum value for T-Hg:0.278 ppm-in mejina-, for M-Hg: 0.144 ppm-in marbled rock fish). There was little difference in the rate or the extent of mercury accumulation from mud suspen-sions in which T-Hg (neary insoluble) varied from 600 to 0.1 ppm. When, in a reference experiment, the fishes were reared in aerated sea water irradiated by U.V. light, the y∞ values were 0.315 ppm (T-Hg) and 0.171 ppm (M-Hg), which were slightly larger than those values obtained without aeration and U.V. irradiation.
From the results described above, it was concluded that there is little possibility of mercury accumulation into fish from mud suspensions containing the mercury in the form of insoluble compounds to such an extent as to exceed the maximum permissible levels established by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Japanese Government.View full abstractDownload PDF (653K) -
Taro YOSHIKURA, Isao FUKUNAGA, Kunio ODA, Shin-ichiro KAWAI, Genta UNO1976 Volume 42 Issue 12 Pages 1423-1429
Published: December 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe quality of water polluted with organic compounds is usually expressed interms of COD or BOD. Recently, a rapid combustion method for measuring total organic carbon (TOC) content of water was developed. Therefore, the determination of TOC in the river water polluted with organic compounds was attempted and compared with other pollution parameters: BOD, COD, NH4-N, and bacterial counts with the following results.
The measurement of TOC was not significantly influenced by the presence of toxic substances, biodegradability, chemical structure, molecular weight of the organic substances or their susceptibility to chemical oxidants. It was found that TOC correlated well with BOD, COD, NH4-N, Kjeldhal-N, and bacterial counts. It was concluded from these results that TOC measurement would provide rapid and accurate analysis of the extent of organic pollution in water.View full abstractDownload PDF (370K) -
Akio KANAZAWA, Shin-ichi TESHIMA, Mitsuki YOSHIOKA1976 Volume 42 Issue 12 Pages 1431-1435
Published: December 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study deals with the effect of the marine sterols, 24-methylcholesta-7-enol, clerosterol, and 24-methylcholesta-7, 22-dienol, on the serum cholesterol level in mice. When 0.1% levels of these sterols were added to the basal diet containing 1.0% cholesterol, the levels of liver lipids, liver cholesterol, and serum cholesterol increased. These results suggested that the sterols examined are hypercholesterolemic.View full abstractDownload PDF (280K) -
1976 Volume 42 Issue 12 Pages 1439a
Published: 1976
Released on J-STAGE: April 22, 2008
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1976 Volume 42 Issue 12 Pages 1439b
Published: 1976
Released on J-STAGE: April 22, 2008
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1976 Volume 42 Issue 12 Pages 1439c
Published: 1976
Released on J-STAGE: April 22, 2008
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1976 Volume 42 Issue 12 Pages 1439d
Published: 1976
Released on J-STAGE: April 22, 2008
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