巻号一覧
42 巻, 1 号
選択された号の論文の17件中1～17を表示しています
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阪本 俊雄1976 年 42 巻 1 号 p. 1-11
発行日: 1976/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe relationship between age and growth of the ribbon fish, Trichiurus lepturus LINNE, which is most common among the bottom fishes in the Kii Channel in recent yearss, have been studied. The study was based on 3, 739 specimens of otoliths and asize composition analysis of 10, 591 specimens from randomly sampled fish, caught by small type trawlers between April, 1972 and August, 1974.
The results are summarized as follows:
1) Ribbon fish schools in the Kii Channel usually consist of fishes from two broods, the spring-born and the autumn-born.
2) The annual ring marks on otolith are formed in the spawning season in spring from April to June
3) Hence the radius of the first ring (r1) in the autumn-born group are smaller than that of the spring-born group. Thus, by the size of the first ring radius, the ribbon fish schools are divided into two groups of spring-born (r1≥2.3mm) and au-tumn-born (r1<2.3mm).
4) The growth equation for spring-born group is estimated as follows;BL1=568.3{1-exp[-0.261(t+0.6435)]}
Because of inadequate number of specimens for the autumn-born group, the growth equation is not estimated here.
5) The calculated values of body length from thsi equation are larger by one age than those body lengths discribed in the former studies.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1097K) -
広瀬 慶二, 町田 洋一, ドナルドソン Ｅ．Ｍ．1976 年 42 巻 1 号 p. 13-20
発行日: 1976/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThis study was undertaken to determine the effects of HCG and salmon gonadotropin on ovulation in the Japanese flounder, Limanda yokohamae. Ovulation was observed in the fish treated with 2000+1000 IU HCG or 3 mg salmon gonadotropin within 3-6 days following injections. Total ovary weight and GSI were significantly greater in the hormone-treated fish than in the control fish. Furthermore, in the hormone-treated fish body weight increased by 5-15 percent. The water content of the ovulated eggs was also greater than that in countrols, but ovarian hydration did not occur with ion movement as described in the case of ayu. In this seawater teleost, the hormone treatment may not induce the same sequence of events at ovulation with regard to water and ion movements as it does in the case of the freshwater teleost.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1023K) -
配偶子の接合と接合子の発生新村 巌1976 年 42 巻 1 号 p. 21-28
発行日: 1976/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe circumstantial conditions for discharge of the gametes, their subsequent attachment and for the development of zygote were examined in the laboratory.
1) The gametes which were discharged under conditions of 15-30°C of water temperature and 8-16 hours of light-period per day, were observed to show high rates of parthenogenetic germination in some circumstances.
2) The settled number of fused and unfused gametes was found abundant in waters of 20-25°C temperature and long-day light periods.
3) The zygotes were abundantly found in 20°C of water temperature under shortday light periods, especially within the first hour of the beginning of the day light-period.
4) In Chordariaceae to which the present species belongs the process of conjugation of the gametes has not been so far observed sufficiently, while it was observed in detail in the present experiment.
5) The development of zygote showed the discoid type. After about one month of attachment, the germlings grew into new erect sporophytes under adequate culture conditions.
6) The gametes which were germinated parthenogenetically developed into the discoid type, as in the development of zoospore from their unilocular sporangium, and formed plurilocular gametangia after 15-20 days of attachment.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1378K) -
食物連鎖と魚類相の関係大方 昭弘1976 年 42 巻 1 号 p. 29-44
発行日: 1976/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn order to obtain the distinctive features of fish fauna in typical areas of Sendai Bay, fluctuations in the amount of each species caught by set-nets have been investgiated. Comparing the species compositions between areas, the coast of Sendai Bay can be divided into four biological areas. These partitions help to understand the distributive patterns of benthic animals and the water mass in the Bay. This distributive phenomena suggests that there is close interspecies relationship in each of the growth stages of the fishes and are adaptationally connected to several conditions of the nonorganic environment.
In a period of temperature rise, many species of fish appear in each area followed by one after the other, and most of the main species are already in the areas by late August, when the water temperature begins to show a descending tendency. From the view point of the tendency for peaks in the amount of catch, at intervals of ten days, it was recognized that the peaks in catch at any one time is composed of not more than five species at the maximum, and generally two or more species, linked either with predator-prey relationships, and scarcely overlap with each other in a restricted space.
In addition to the amberfish (Seriola quinqueradiata) community, we can find many species of fish which prefer the anchovy to other foods, though the formation mechanism of communities is not always identical to that of the amberfish community. Species population show a dynamic life pattern corresponding to several growth stages peculiar to the species, and changes the state of distribution and aggregation. In such dynamic process of life, a species population is connected closely to other species populations owing to predator-prey relationshps, and they form a biotic community. This paper deals with a phase of the community constructed by several populations that extend over a wide area. Picking up typical terminal species from fish fauna in the Sendai Bay, the types of community formation, as a part of the whole, have been classified into three classes; waiting type, sojourning type and passing type. These three types of community have the common feature in a point that they include the anchovy as a principal member in a community. However, it is reasonable to consider the main part of the community as separate from other communities in time and space, and that two or more communities rarely hold a common school of the same anchovy population, but connect some definite school of fish.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (887K) -
キンギョに吸収されたフェノールの各組織への分布小林 邦男, 木村 繁夫, 秋武 宏1976 年 42 巻 1 号 p. 45-50
発行日: 1976/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA study has been made regarding the turnover of absorbed phenol in various organs of goldfish, Carassius auratus, during absorption in a phenol-medium (15 ppm) and its subsequent excretion in running water. Although the absorbed phenol accumulated in various organs, the phenol concentration in each organ, except gall bladder, was almost constant after 2 hr of exposure and rapidly decreased after transfer of the fish from the phenol-medium to running water. The phenol concentration in the gall bladder, however, increased with exposure time, even after fish had been transferred to running water, and reached a maximal value of 214.7 μg/g at 1-hr culture in running water. The phenol concentration in the gall bladder decreased to 144.7μg/g at the end of the excretion period (for 24 hr), but its amount accounted for 37% of the total phenol detected. The characteristic accumulation of phenol in the gall bladder indicates that the biliary excretion of phenol from the liver, probably after its detoxication by sulfate conjugation, is an important mechanism for the disposition of phenol in fish, as well as for that of pentachlorophenol as reported by KOBAYASHI et al. (1975).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (295K) -
Desmarestia ligulataの酸性成分について佐藤 美和, 佐藤 実, 児玉 正昭, 土屋 靖彦1976 年 42 巻 1 号 p. 51-56
発行日: 1976/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe acid components of the extracts of Desmarestia ligulata consisted mostly of sulfuric adid with small amounts of organic acids consisting chiefly of succinic, lactic, citric and oxalic acids, the total of which amounted to about seventy five percent of the whole. The particularly high acidity of the extracts was due to a fair amount of sulfuric adid equal to from 0.4 to 1.1 percent of the wet weight. The microscopic observation of the Desmarestia ligulata frond revealed that the part produces the acids was localised in the margin of the frond.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1171K) -
室塚 剛志, 高士 令二, 新井 健一1976 年 42 巻 1 号 p. 57-63
発行日: 1976/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリー1) The ATP-sensitivities of the myosin and actomyosin preparations employed in this report were found to be 2 for rabbit myosin, 3 for tilapia myosin, 117 for rabbit actomyosin, and 105 for tilapia actommyosin, respectively.
2) The thermal inactivation of Ca2+-ATPase in 0.6 M KC1 at pH 6.8 was studied. The inactivation consisted of a single first order reaction with either myosin or actomyosin alone, whereas it consisted of two first order reactions with mixtures of myuosin plus actomyosin.
3) The inactivation rate was 27.8×10-5 sec-1 for rabbit myosin, 0.41×10-5 sec-1 for rabbit actomyosin, 67.1×10-5 sec-1 for tilapia myosin, and 1.80×10-5 sec-1 for tilapia actomyosin, respectively.
4) The inactivation rate obtained with the moyosin plus actomyosin mixtures were 12.5×10-5 sec-1 and 0.83×10-5sec-1 for rabbit preparations, and 16.0×10-5 sec-1 and 2.50×10-5 sec-1 for tilapia preparations.
Based on the results described above, a method is suggested for testing the extracts of rabbit and fish muscles for actin and myosin content.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (272K) -
室塚 剛志, 新井 健一1976 年 42 巻 1 号 p. 65-70
発行日: 1976/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーUsing preparations from tilapia, it was previously reported that thermal inactivation of the Ca2+-ATPase activity of either myosin or actomyosin occurs proceeds in simple first order reaction whereas that of the myosin plus actomyosin mixture consists of two first order reactions.
A similar result was now obtained by using preparations from yellowfin tuna and by studying the effect of various concentrations of F-actin on the thermal inactivation of Ca2+-ATPase activity was confirmed and utilized to examine the purity of my osin preparation obtained from frozen dorsal muscle of yellowfin tuna.
This examination as well as SDS-gel-electrophoresis indicated that the first precipitated myosin preparation still contained a small amount of actin which was effectively eliminated by centrifuging the above preparation dissolved in 0.3M KC1 for 1 hour at 50, 000×g.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (402K) -
コイのマグネシウム要求について荻野 珍吉, 邱 景雲1976 年 42 巻 1 号 p. 71-75
発行日: 1976/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーMagnesium deficiency in carp was found to produce a loss of appetite, poor growth, high mortality, sluggishness and convulsions. The minimal requirement of young carp for magnesium was 0.04 to 0.05% of a dry diet or 12 to 15 mg per kg body weight per day under the experimental conditions. The magnesium content of vertebrae from carp fed diets containing low magnesium decreased significantly while the calcium content increased slightly. Thus, the values for Ca/Mg of the vertebrae were changed by the dietary magnesium level.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (246K) -
炭水化物の抑制効果野口 敏, 大沢 康次, 松本 重一郎1976 年 42 巻 1 号 p. 77-82
発行日: 1976/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe preventive effect of carbohydrates on freezing denaturation at -30°C for 4 to 7 weeks was examined by using an in vitro model test system of the isolated carp actomyosin. The rate of denaturation was followed by estimating solubility, viscosity, ATPase activity as well as the degree of superprecipitation. The overall results can be summarized as follows: Additives exhibiting marked effect: glucosse, fructose, sucrose, lactose, melezitose, stachyose, glycerol, ethylene glycol, sorbitol, gluconic acid, glycolic acid, β-glycerophosphate, fructose-6-phosphate and glucose-1-phosphate. Additives displaying moderate effect: xylose, ribose, raffinose, inulin and erythritol. Additives with little or no effect: glyoxal, dihydroxyacetone, mannitol, starch, ascorbic acid and glucuronic acid.
The preventive effect of tested additives was generally in agreement with the reported results with other substances such as red cells, bacteria, etc.
The results suggest that the protection mechanism involved might be common with the different substances and thus be related with nonspecific bondings such as hydrogen bonding. It was also suggested that the influence of the amino carbonyl reaction should be considered.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (354K) -
新間 弥一郎, 市村 博, 柴田 宜和1976 年 42 巻 1 号 p. 83-89
発行日: 1976/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーTwo groups of rainbow trout fed on fish meal diet (control group) and petroleum yeast-combined diet (PY group) for 16 months were reared for 55 days without feeding in 17°C experimental ponds. The changes in body, liver, gonad, and other visceral weight, lipid contents of gonads, viscera, and flesh, and some constituents of liver and plasma were studied. Body weight decreased 4.8-4.9g/day/kg until the 31st day. Although the lipid contents of tissues decreased extremely slowly the total lipid reduction per kilogram initial body weight was 0.41g/day in flesh and 0.46g/day in viscera due to the decrease in tissue weight. On the 40th day in the control group and 55th day in the PY group, tardy fall of the body weight and plasma glucose level, and temporary increase of plasma triglyceride were observed. There was little change in free fatty acid and triglyceride contents of liver though glycogen contents dropped sharply during early fasting. Comparison of the starved and fed groups on the 55th day showed that the starvation seemed to have little effect on the start of maturation. There were no clear differences between the two groups within the limits of the obtained data.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (425K) -
飼育魚の腸内細菌数と細菌叢吉水 守, 木村 喬久, 坂井 稔1976 年 42 巻 1 号 p. 91-99
発行日: 1976/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーViable counts were determined seasonally on the intestinal contents of 22 masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) and 10 king salmon (Oncorhynchus tschawytscha) reared in fresh water and sea water, and on these ambient waters. Two kinds of media, fresh-and sea-water based media, were put in parallel. Over 1600 strains were isolated from the above samples. The composition of the microflora was determined according to the scheme of SHEWAN et. al. (1960).
The results are summarized as follows:
1) The number of viable bacteria in both fresh and sea breeding waters was about 103 per milliliter with no observed seasonal variation. The composition of the microflora mainly included the genera Flavobacterium/Cytophaga, Achromobacter and Pseudomonas.
2) The number of viable bacteria in the intestinal contents of salmon ranged from 104 to 107 per gram. The intestinal microflora was comparatively simpler than that of the ambient water, and the floras of fresh-and sea-water reared salmon were quite different. The principal genera in the intestinal contents of fresh water reared salmon was genus Aeromonas and the family Enterobacteriaceae, while that of sea water reared salmon consisted mainly of the genus Vibrio.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (513K) -
豊水 正道, 中村 孝, 庄野 寿彦1976 年 42 巻 1 号 p. 101-108
発行日: 1976/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe fatty acid compositions of whole lipid, neutral lipid (NL), free fatty acid and phospholipid (PL) were determined by GLC on 14 samples of horse mackerel ordinary muscle which contained whole lipid in the range from 1.1 to 11.2%.
Analyses of the fatty acid composition of whole lipid illustrated considerable differences related to variations in lipid content. As for the compositions of NL and PL, they differed but neither showed any obvious change as compared with that of whole lipid except for 18:0 in NL and 16:1 and 20:5 in PL. Consequently, the characteristic fatty acid compositions were recognized in 16:0, 16:1, 18:1 and 22:6 for NL and 16:0, 18:0, 18:1 and 22:6 for PL with species differences.
As a result, the authors postulated that the fatty acid distribution of fish lipid should be discussed not in terms of the fatty acid composition of whole lipid but in terms of the NL and PL fatty acid compositions.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (380K) -
渡辺 皓, メンサ Ｅ．Ｍ．1976 年 42 巻 1 号 p. 109-121
発行日: 1976/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーWith an aim tp reveal the actual quality of dried freshwater fish on the Ghanaian market, chemical, bacteriological and organoleptic examinations were carried out on 42 unsalted-grilled and 73 saslted dried tilapia. Retail prices per kg of the products were also recroded. There was no significant difference between the average retail prices of the two products. For both dried fish, there existed negative and significant correlation (P<0.001) between fish weight and the retail prices. No significant correlation was found between the retail prices and organoleptic scores. Average water content of unsalted-grilled fish was 58% and that of salted-dried ones, 45% with 16% salt. Average appearance and odor scores of both products fell between fair and good. For grilledfish, taste panel scores significantly correlated with appearance and odor scores (P<0.05), and log (total viable counts) (P<0.02). But salted tilapia demonstrated no significant correlation of the taste panel scores teh these two variables. The data suggest that in drafting the quality standards of these two products, different criteria should be adopted.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (664K) -
城 久, 矢持 進, 安部 恒之1976 年 42 巻 1 号 p. 123-130
発行日: 1976/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn this report, we have investigated the accumulation of PCB as a function of growth in Japanese anchovy, Engralis japonica, caught in Osaka bay by periodically sampling through the catch season.
Generally PCB concentration increases by exponentially with body length, and proportionally with body weight. In the two sample groups having comparatively distinguishable features, the PCB concentration plotted versus body weight gave values which were distributed on two straight lines of differing slopes. We presume that the one group was hatched in Osaka bay, and the other in open sea and migrated to Osaka bay.
The difference in the PCB accumulation rate of the two groups is probably owing to the different intake of lipids during the limited period of anchovy growth, as indicated by the nearly linear functional relationship between the total oil and the total PCB content of whole anchovy.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (420K) -
堀江 進, 山田 朝陽, 佐伯 和昭1976 年 42 巻 1 号 p. 131-135
発行日: 1976/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーEighteen samples of commercial shucked oyster including 12 samples graded “for cooking” and 6 “for eating raw” were collected from department stores in Tokyo and analyzed bacteriologically.
Presumptive coliform counts were obtained by enumerating typical red-coloured colonies formed in the desoxycholate agar plates after 24hr incubation at 30°C, and the counts obtained ranged from 6.6 to 2.2×103 per g. According to the IMViC (indole, methyl red, Voges-Proakauer, citrate), motility and gelatine liquefaction tests, 149 coliform isolates were classified into 21 types, each of which was subdivided into 6 groups on the basis of growth ability at 5 and 40°C. Of these coliform isolates only 3 types, Type 1 (--+++-), Type 2 (--++++) and Type 5 (-+-++-) accounted for 68.5% of the total. The remaining 18 coliform types occurred in small percentages of less than 5% respectively. On the other hand, 75.8% of all coliform strains were able to grow at 5°C within 10 days and these psychrotrophic coliform organisms were considered to be of natural environmental orgin. On the contrary, it was shown that typical mesophilic coliforms of human and warm-blooded animal origin contributed a relatively small perentage among the total coliforms isolated from shucked oyster samples.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (305K) -
1976 年 42 巻 1 号 p. 140
発行日: 1976年
公開日: 2008/04/22
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (39K)
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