巻号一覧
42 巻, 2 号
選択された号の論文の16件中1～16を表示しています
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沢 正博1976 年 42 巻 2 号 p. 141-152
発行日: 1976/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーResponses of single units to sound stimuli were recorded through tungsten microelectrodes from the acoustic region of the medulla oblongata in the goldfish. Characterization of the medulla units was attempted on the basis of spontaneous activity, frequency-threshold curve, and adaptation.
1. Based on the general appearance of spontaneous activity, the single units were classified into four groups characterized respectively by irregular, burst, regular, and non-spon-taneous activities.
2. The units were classified into two types according to their frequency-threshold curves; one had the best frequency at about 600-700 HZ and the other at about 200-300 HZ. Besides those mentioned, some units sensitive to vibration were also detected.
3. Three adaptation patterns, slow, fast, and intermediate, were found in the medulla units. In some units, an alteration of the adaptation pattern was observed depending on sound frequencies. Such a change of the adaptation pattern was not observed in almost all units at various intensities of the sound.
4. Time-required for recovery of units adapted to a continuous stimulus of 60 sec was measured. The units showing the fast adaptation pattern needed a longer recovery time than other units.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (5749K) -
今田 良造, 室賀 清邦, 平林 重政1976 年 42 巻 2 号 p. 153-158
発行日: 1976/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーDactylogyroses have been known in carp culture in Japan, but the causative agents have never been studied taxonomically.
In the spring of 1975, a dactylogyrosis occurred in carp ponds of Hiroshima Prefectural Freshwater Fish Experiment Station and some other private farms in the same prefecture.
Fish from these ponds were infected with a numerous number of a dactylogyrid on the gills, and in a serious case, more than 450 monogenean individuals were observed on 4 gill-arches of one fish.
As a result of examinations of both live and stained specimens of the dactylogyrid, the monogenean parasite was identified as Dactylogyrus extensus MUELLER and VAN CLBAVE 1932.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (378K) -
村井 武四, James W.ANDREWS1976 年 42 巻 2 号 p. 159-161
発行日: 1976/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThree feeding studies were conducted with channel catfish fry, Ictalurus punctatus, to determine if growth could be enhanced by increasing the frequency of feeding. When fish were less than 1.5g the best growth rate was obtained by feeding 8 times a day (once every 3 hours); however, for larger fry (more than 1.5g) growth rate obtained from fish fed 4 times a day between 8:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. was not significantly different from other treatments. The feed intake rate (% biomall/day) decreased from approximately 10% to 5% as fish grew from 0.25 to 4g and feed conversion efficiency was not affected greatly by frequency of feeding. These data suggest that the high frequency of feeding requirement of smaller catfish is related to their high feed intake rate.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (186K) -
室塚 剛志1976 年 42 巻 2 号 p. 163-169
発行日: 1976/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリー1) The Ca2+-ATPase activity (μmoles Pi per min per mg of protein) of bigeye tuna myosin was 0.10-0.25, and that of yellowfin tuna myosin was 0.70-0.85. The activity determination was carried out at 25°C in a reaction medium containing 50 mM KCl, 5mM CaCl2, 25mM Tris buffer (pH 7.0), and 1 mM ATP.
2) The ATP-sensitivity of synthetic actomyosin was also measured; it was 45-80 for bigeye tuna actomyosin, and 80-102 for yellowfin tuna actomyosin.
3) On ultracentrifugation, the sedimentation pattern of yellowfin tuna myosin showed a hypersharp peak characteristic of the myosin monomer (S20w=5.3S at protein concentration of 2.7 mg/ml). The pattern of bigeye tuna myosin, on the other hand, showed at least two peaks: a fast moving boundary presumably of myosin dimer, and a slow moving one of myosin monomer.
4) The elution profile on DEAE-sephadex A-50 chromatography was investigated. The profile obtained with yellowfin tuna myosin preparations was similar to that obtained with myosin monomer. On the other hand, the elution pattern of bigeye tuna myosin preparations showed a peak at void volume, probably of highly aggregated myosin, a peak of myosin dimer, and a peak of myosin monomer; the latter two peaks overlapping.
It appears, therefore, that bigeye tuna myosin is somewhat denatured during the freezing and storage (-20°C) process.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1270K) -
魚介類の肝臓によるフェノールとPCP硫酸抱合小林 邦男, 木村 繁夫, 秋武 宏1976 年 42 巻 2 号 p. 171-177
発行日: 1976/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe sulfate conjugation of phenol and PCP in vitro by liver slices or homogenates from goldfish, carp, rainbow trout, spiny lobster and short-necked clam has been studied and compared with that by albino rat liver, using 35S-labeled K2SO4. All the liver slices of the test animals showed sulfate conjugation activity with phenol, the level of activity being 1-30% of that in rat liver (approx. 1.8 μmole/g dry liver/hr). However, the liver homogenates had activities which were markedly lower than those shown by the liver slices.
On the other hand, PCP added to the incubation mixture containing liver slices not only did not conjugate with sulfate, but at concentrations higher than 1.4×10-6M, it inhibited the sulfate conjugation of phenol. In short-necked clam and goldfish, absorbed PCP is rapidly excreted after conjugation with sulfate, as reported by KOBAYASHI et al. (1970 and 1975).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (396K) -
オレンジミードの発生に及ぼす原料処理および貯蔵条件の影響(1)和田 卓, 長谷川 薫, 沢田 敏雄, 下田 雄四郎1976 年 42 巻 2 号 p. 179-185
発行日: 1976/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーSkipjack specimens were frozen by the air-blast, the speedy and slow types of brine immersion, and the still-air methods, stored for 11-12 months at-40°C, or, after 10-month storage at -40°C stored further for another month at either -20 or -13°C and canned.
No orange discoloration of canned meat was observed in the specimens which were stored throughout at -40°C and additionally at -20°C for one month, regardless of the freezing method. On the other hand, all the specimens which were frozen by the air-blast or a speedy type brine immersion method and finally stored at -13°C for one month, presented a strong orange discoloration. In those frozen by a slow type of the brine immersion or the still-air method, the orange discoloration was much weaker or not recognized at all.
In these specimens, the levels of some substances responsible for the orange discoloration were also examined. The amount of glycogen in frozen meat was higher in samples frozen by the air-blast method and lowest in those frozen by the still-air freezing method. The total amounts of G6P, F6P, and FDP in the thawed meat were lowest in fish frozen by the still-air freezing method.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (458K) -
オレンジミートの発生に及ぼす原料処理および貯蔵条件の影響 (2)長谷川 薫, 和田 卓, 下田雄 四郎, 沢田 敏雄, 藤井 豊, 中村 邦典, 石川 宣次1976 年 42 巻 2 号 p. 187-195
発行日: 1976/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーSkipjack samples were frozen after standing on board for 15min (Na) and 3 hr (Nb), after immersion in iced sea water for 12 hr (Pc), or after instant blow (Kb). Air-blast freezing at about -50°C(A), brine immersion freezing at -17 ?? -20°C (Bi) and -7.5 ?? -14°C (Bii) were used as the freezing methods. The fish frozen on landing was stored at -40, -20, -17 or -13°C for one month and cooked directly or after thawing overnight in still water at 5°C, in running water at 14°C or in air at 13°C. Twenty four groups of sample fish thus prepared were canned as usual and examined for the extent of orange discoloration.
The orange discoloration was induced only in the groups stored at -13°C and the group stored at -20°C with a short time temperature rise up to -2°C. The extent of orange discoloration was rather slight in groups Nb-A, -Bi, and -Bii, especially in Nb-Bii, compared with the groups Na-A, -Bi and -Bii and Kb-Bi. No orange discoloration occurred in Pc-Bi.
It was concluded from those results that, in the processing of raw skipjack, quick freezing after landing, storage at below -20°C, and speedy thawing in running water are quite essential if the orange discoloration is to be avoided.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (561K) -
クルマエビにおけるカロチノイドの代謝田中 淑人, 松口 英孝, 片山 輝久, K. L. SIMPSON, C. O. CHICHESTER1976 年 42 巻 2 号 p. 197-202
発行日: 1976/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe biosynthesis of astaxanthin in the prawn was further studied using pure carotenoids and preparations obtained from natural sources. Zeaxanthin, obtained from the Chinese lantern, was fed to the prawn, Penaeus japonicus Bate. Astaxanthin was biosynthesized from zeaxanthin, thus indicating the existence of a second pathway to astaxanthin in the prawn. Canthaxanthin and astaxanthin from crab waste were respectively metabolized to and absorbed as body astaxanthin in the prawn. Pigmented preparations from corn gluten, alfalfa and Spirulina (blue-green alga) were found to increase the body astaxanthin to various degrees.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (338K) -
14C-ゼアキサンチンの代謝秦正 弘, 秦 満夫1976 年 42 巻 2 号 p. 203-205
発行日: 1976/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe absorbed free form zeaxanthin, partially stored in the intestine and hepatopancreas, is transfered to the integument directly or through the hepatopancreas. In the integument, zeaxanthin is esterified and converted to astaxanthin via adonixanthin via adonixanthin to maintain the equilibrium among zeaxanthin ester, adonixanthin ester and astaxanthin ester.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (139K) -
魚病原因菌ならびに養魚水中生存菌の紫外線感受性について木村 喬久, 吉水 守, 田島 研一, 絵面 良男, 坂井 稔1976 年 42 巻 2 号 p. 207-211
発行日: 1976/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーBasic experiments were carried out preliminarily to determine the usefulness of a double-tubular U. V.-water treatment unit (Seibu Kagaku Co., Model Cs-50 U) for the disinfection of hatchery water.
The results obtained are summarized as follows.
1. The disinfectant effect of U. V. was examined on cell suspensions (105-7cells/ml) of 5 species of fish pathogen and one strain of Escherichia coli. A 99.99%or more reduction of their viable cells was effected by U. V. treatment of less than 8.5l/min. flow rate that is equivalent to more than 22, 100μW⋅sec/cm2 U. V. dosages.
2. The experiments on 4 specimens of fish-rearing pind waters containing 104-6 viable cells/ml indicated that U.V. radiation is an effective means of destroying microorganisms in the hatchery water supply. However, a tendency towards U. V. resistance was shown by some groups of water microflora, e. g. Coryneforms, or yeastlike organisms.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1064K) -
ニジマスおよびコイにおける蛋白質の利用とエネルギー源荻野 珍吉, 邱 景雲, 竹内 俊郎1976 年 42 巻 2 号 p. 213-218
発行日: 1976/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe relationships between dietary energy sources and the utilization of dietary proteins have been investigated with rainbow trout and carp. In rainbow trout, lipid was utilized more effectively than carbohydrate (α-starch and dextrin) as an energy source for utilization of dietary protein. The values for PER and NPU of casein at low protein levels were markedly different according to the kind of energy sources used. Accordingly, the protein level producing the maximum growth rate also differed according to the main energy sources used. On the other hand, carp utilized carbohydrate effectively as an energy source.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (313K) -
河内 正通1976 年 42 巻 2 号 p. 219-225
発行日: 1976/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIt has been reported, in the previous papers, that a positional isomer of eicosadienoic acid, an unusual fatty acid, can be detected in fairly large quantities in the lipids of all sea-urchin species examined.
This finding led the author to clarification of the distribution of the isomer in the lipid classes of a sea-urchin species, Strongylocentrotus pulcherrimus. The lipids from the gonads and the other viscera were analysed for their fatty acid components by GLC, after being fractionated into the main lipid classes by silicic acid column chromatography. The results obtained are as follows:
1) The isomer is widely distributed in all the lipid classes from both the gonads and the other viscera. Its percentages in the gonads and the other viscera ranged from 5.0 to 7.5%, and 5.4 to 8.3%, respectively.
2) Most of the isomer was present in only two classes, i.e., polar lipids and triglycerides, in the amount of about 95% of the total weight of the isomer in the whole visceral organs. Its quantity in the gonads amounted to about 70% of the total.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (367K) -
松居 正己, 渡辺 武, 河端 俊治1976 年 42 巻 2 号 p. 227-231
発行日: 1976/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーAnalytical method for triglyceride (TG) structures has been studied by using preparative gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) in order to apply the method to fish lipids, and the results obtained may be summarized as follows:
1. A column of 6mm i.d.×50cm, packed with 0.5% OV-1 (methyl silicone) on Shimalite W (80-100 mesh) was found suitable for the present purpose. The column temperature was programmed from 180° to 350°C with a rate of 6°C/min.
2. The efficiencies of 3 different sample collectors, each having 3 differenters, were compared. It was found that a simple glass tubing type of 3mm i.d. gave the highest recoveries.
3. Triglycerided in soybean oil was separated by preparative GLC. The TG fractions were hydrolyzed withe ethanol-pottasium hrdroxide to fatty acids, followed by cogversion of fatty acids to methyl esters with diazomethane, which were then analyzed by GLC. It was found that the TG of C-50 and C-52 in the oil were composed of palmitic, stearic anp oleic acids, and those of C-54, of stearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids, respectively.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (240K) -
松居 正己, 渡辺 武, 河端 俊治1976 年 42 巻 2 号 p. 233-237
発行日: 1976/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーStudies were undertaken to elucidate the fatty acid structures of triglycerides (TG) contained in carp (Cyprinus carpio), “hime-masu” (Oncorhynchus nerka adonis), “yamame” (O. masou ishikawai) and eel (Anguilla japonica). The TG extracted from the test fish were separated by preparative gas chromatography (GLC). The TG fractions were hydrolyzed to fatty acids which were subjected to GLC analysis in the form of methyl esters. The results obtained may be summarized as follows:
1. It was found that the carbon numbers of TG in the four fish species were as follows: carp, 48-58; “hime-masu”, 46-60; “yamame”, 46-60, and eel, 46-58, respectively. It was also found that no marked difference could be observed among possible fatty acid structures of TG contained in the test fiish.
2. As for the fatty acids of carp, the proportions of C 18:2 and C 18:3 increased in parallel with the increase in TG carbon numbers while those of C 16:0 and C 16:1 remained at almost the same level. Similar increasing tendencies could be observed in C 16:0 and C 18:0 of “hime-masu” TG, and C 18:1, C 18:2 and 18:3 of “yamame”. In TG from eel, however, no specific correlation was observed between the TG carbon numbers and their fatty acid components.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (254K) -
コイ筋肉カテプシンAおよびDの分離とカテプシンAのいくらかの性質牧之段 保夫, 池田 静徳1976 年 42 巻 2 号 p. 239-247
発行日: 1976/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーCarp muscle cathepsins A and D were separated and partially purified by acid treatment of 0.5% KCI muscle extract, ammonium sulfate fractionation, Sephadex G-200 gel filtration and acetone fractionation. The approximate molecular weight of carp muscle cathepsin A was 34, 000 when determined by dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The pH optima of carp muscle cathepsin A for Cbz-Glu-Phe, Cbz-Glu-Tyr and Cbz-Gly-Phe were near 5.0 and the Km values for these substrates were 3.4, 7.7 and 13.0mM, respectively. Hemoglobin and carp muscle actomyosin were not hydrolyzed by the enzyme preparation while sarcoplasmic protein was hydrolyzed. Carp muscle cathepsin A acted synergistically with cathepsin D in the hydrolysis of hemoglobin. Carp muscle cathepsin A was activated by 2-mercaptoethanol (10-2M), CoCl2, NaBr and NaI (10-3M) while HgCl2 (10-5M), EDTA (10-5M) and iodoacetic acid (10-2M) had no effect. HgCl2 (10-4M), AgNO3 (10-5M) and DFP (10-3M) inhibited the activity considerably.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (544K) -
佐藤 勉, 保科 利一, 堀内 三津幸1976 年 42 巻 2 号 p. 249
発行日: 1976/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (793K)
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