巻号一覧
42 巻, 6 号
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群の形と移動速度の相関性の解析稲垣 正, 坂本 亘, 青木 一郎, 黒木 敏郎1976 年 42 巻 6 号 p. 629-635
発行日: 1976/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe numerical values of swimming speed and the change of form of fish school were calculated. The individuals kept uniform shape in a regular manner with the same space and direction as long as the speed was comparably fast. However, when the speed showed a slow down, the schooling form became irregular. The relationship between these two factors were discussed by means of cross-correlation coefficient analysis. The modification of schooling form had occured 0.75 seconds before the beginning of their speed change. The time lag was considered to be the latent period of the species that were used in our experiment.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (996K) -
ミナミマグロ延繩漁業の決定論的モデルによるシミュレーション竹内 正一, 種石 裕司1976 年 42 巻 6 号 p. 637-644
発行日: 1976/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn these studies on the selection of fishing grounds in southern bluefin tuna fishery, a deterministic model simulation was used. As the shifting methods of boats from one to another fishing ground, the following three cruisings were set:
1. Covering the whole fishing ground,
2. Covering the fishing ground within 10 days to a shift,
3. Covering either side of the present fishing ground.
26 cruises of the calculated 61 cruises made the same fishing profits with any of the three shifting methods above and 21 cruises made the same profits with Nos. 1 and 2 methods, but 12 cruises showed a disagreement of the three shfting methods.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (502K) -
スズキ型魚類に属する19魚種について松野 隆男, 勝山 政明1976 年 42 巻 6 号 p. 645-649
発行日: 1976/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe carotenoid pigments from the fin and skin of nineteen species of fishes in the division percichthyes were investigated. They have similar carotenoid patterns, consisting of β-carotene, α-cryptoxanthin, tunaxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, diatoxanthin, cynthiaxanthin, astacene, α-doradecin, and small amounts of unidentified pigments.
The assumption proposed by the author that tunaxanthin might be a chemical indicator in the division percichthyes proved correct by the present investigation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (240K) -
オヤニラミのカロテノイド成分松野 隆男, 勝山 政明, 石田 隆1976 年 42 巻 6 号 p. 651-654
発行日: 1976/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーCarotenoid pigments from the skin and fin of Japanese perch (fresh water fish), Coreoperca kawamebari, were investigated. The principal carotenoid pigment was not lutein (23.5%), currently believed to be the predominant, characteristic pigment of fresh water fishes, but tunaxanthin (49.5%), until now believed to be characteristic of marine fishes.
In addition, zeaxanthin (9.9%), cynthiaxanthin (4.4%), triol (4.3%), cryptoxanthin (3.9%), diatoxanthin (2.5%), astacene and dradecin (1.4%), and β-carotene (0.6%) were present in small amounts.
The assumption that tunaxanthin might be a chemical indicator in the division percichthyes proved correct even in the case of Japanese perch which is the only kind of fresh water fish in the order percida which spends its entire life-span in fresh water.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (191K) -
摂餌に伴う筋肉, 中腸線および血液の遊離アミノ酸の変動弟子丸 修1976 年 42 巻 6 号 p. 655-660
発行日: 1976/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe changes in free amino acids contained in muscle, hepatopancreas and blood were examined in prawn Penaeus japonicus after feeding them on an amino acid test diet (AA-diet) and on a casein-albumin test diet (CA-diet).
The concentration of total free amino acids in the above mentioned three parts of the prawn attained a maximum in 3 or 6 hours after feeding, and then decreased rapidly, reverting in 12 or 24 hours after feeding to the respective levels noted before feeding. There was a high increase in total free amino acids in the muscle of prawn fed on the AA-diet, as well as in the blood of prawn fed on the CA-diet. Arginine, one of the essential amino acids for prawn, increased remarkably in the blood of prawns fed on the AA-diet compared with that of the CA-diet fed prawn. On the other hand, the in crease in the essential amino acids excepting arginine was less in the AA-diet prawn than the CA-diet. Although the increase in the concentration of total free amino acids in the hepatopancreas of prawn fed on the AA-diet was approximately the same as with the CA-diet, there was an obvious difference between the two diets in the time required to reach the maximum concentration of total free amino acids after feeding.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (418K) -
促成栽培マコンブ発育過程における無機成分の消長吉村 彩子, 多田 浩子, 左海 みさ, 原田 武夫, 大石 圭一1976 年 42 巻 6 号 p. 661-664
発行日: 1976/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe inorganic constituets of ma-kombu, Laminaia japonica, in accelerated culture were analyzed in specimens collected near Hakodate, Japan, from April to July, 1968. Morethan 70% of the ash was accounted for by Cl-, K+ and Na+. Nutrient ions, such as Fe3+, Al3+, Ca2+, Mg+2, PO43-, CO32- and SO42- increased in June and decreased in July, the fluctuation synchronizing with the changes in alanine and proline previously studied. Iodine ion, one of the most abundant elements in makombu, increased steadily. Manganese ion decreased steadily, and Cu2+ increased after decreasing in May. The levels of the major components, Cl-, K+ and Na+, remained practically constant during the time of study. The inorganic composition of the cultured ma-kombu was similar to that of the natural biennial one.
Ions were classified into four groups with their concentration factors (the ratio of ionic concentration of fresh ma-kombu to that of the sea water): Al3+, Fe3+, I- and Mn2+ (2×105-104), PO43- and SiO2 (6×103 ?? 2×102), K+ (70-10) and SO42-, Mg2+, Cl- and Na+ (2.3-1.6). In general, ma-kombu contains more I- and Fe3+ than do the other seaweeds.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (256K) -
中性付近において活性を示すたん白質分解酵素の存在について牧之段 保夫, 池田 静徳1976 年 42 巻 6 号 p. 665-670
発行日: 1976/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーNeutral protease was seeked in carp and red sea bream muscles. Activity was determined by measuring Folin, Cu-Folin, and Ninhydrin values of the trichloroacetic acid filtrate of the reaction mixture. Optimum pH for casein hydrolysis at near neutral pH was recognizable at around 5.4 by each determination, but this activity was considered to be due to the usual cathepsin D. The hydrolysis of hemoglobin at neutral pH range was observed only by the Ninhydrin method and its optimum pH was near 7.0. This activity is considered to be a new protease in fish muscle which has not yet been reported.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (308K) -
橋本 芳郎, 野口 玉雄, 安達 六郎1976 年 42 巻 6 号 p. 671-676
発行日: 1976/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe bloom of a toxic dinoflagellate, tentatively identified as Gonyaulax catenella, occurred in Hikimoto-ura, Owase Bay, on January 26, 1975 for two weeks making bivalves moderately toxic although there were no cases of poisoning. The symptoms induced in mice by intraperitoneal injection of the extracts from the dinoflagellate, mussel and shortnecked clam, were very similar to those induced by saxitoxin or tetrodotoxin. The toxic principles in short-necked clams were fractionated and partially purified by using Amberlite IRC-50, activated charcoal and Sephadex G-15. Four toxic components were obtained of which two major components clearly differed from saxitoxin in chromatographic behavior.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (337K) -
アルブミンの分離および性状中川 平介, 鹿山 光, 淺川 末三1976 年 42 巻 6 号 p. 677-685
発行日: 1976/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe presence and nature of an albumin in carp plasma were investigated. It was estimated by cellulose acetate electrophoresis that the albumin was 34.6 per cent of the total plasma protein. The albumin obtained from carp plasma was a kind of lipoprotein with a molecular weight of approximately 15×104, having a lipid content of 22.3 per cent of which 12.2 per cent consisted of free fatty acids. More than half of plasma lipid is conjugated with the albumin. The albumin evidently differs from the human type in its ability to bind BCG and BPB, molecular size, electrophoretic mobility, and nature of the lipid moiety.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (462K) -
新井 健一, ハスナイン アブサール・ル・, 高野 洋一1976 年 42 巻 6 号 p. 687-695
発行日: 1976/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThermal and urea labilities of actomyosin and myosin Ca2+-ATPase from several fish species have been investigated at constant pH, KCI and tris-maleate buffer concentration.
A comparison of the first order denaturation rate constants (KD) of the two proteins at 30°C and 35°C revealed that both actomyosin and myosin of tilapia are most stable, followed by the skipjack, yellowfin and bigeye tunas, carp, star-spotted shark, yellowtail, flatfish and cod, in decreasing order of stability. But, both proteins from tilapia are remarkably unstable in comparison with those of rabbit.
The order of stability of Ca2+-ATPase, as established from the KD values for urea denaturation, is the same as the above excepting the star-spotted shark. The actomyosin Ca2+-ATPase of this species is more resistant to thermal denaturation than those of carp and the tunas, whereas its urea lability is less than that of carp and comparable to those of the tunas.
The mechanism of thermal and urea denaturation and the molecular adaptation of both muscle proteins in fishes has been discussed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (530K) -
アミノ酸-脂質系における褐変に及ぼす水分活性の影響鍾忠 勇, 豊水 正道1976 年 42 巻 6 号 p. 697-702
発行日: 1976/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe effect of Aw on browning resulting from the oxidation of linoleate was studied in freeze-dried model systems. The systems were adjusted to various Aw, and stored at 35°C. Brown pigments were extracted from the model systems and fractionated into lipophilic and hydrophilic fractions.
Water played an important role in the browning reaction. In the humidified system not only lipophilic but also hydrophilic brown pigments were found, whereas in the dry system only a lipophilic brown pigment was found. The formation of lipophilic brown pigment was fastest at Aw≈0, and decreased with increasing Aw to the critical value of 0. 41, but, when Aw was higher than 0. 41, browning increased with increasing Aw up to 0. 84. On the other hand, the formation of hydrophilic brown pigment differed from that of lipophilic brown pigment: the browning increased with increasing Aw from Aw≈O to the maximum region of 0. 41-0. 67, then decreased with increasing Aw. The observed effect of Aw on the formation of lipophilic and hydrophilic brown pigments was discussed based on the effect of Aw on the pattern of linoleate oxidation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (333K) -
阿部 宏喜, 清水 千秋, 松浦 文雄1976 年 42 巻 6 号 p. 703-711
発行日: 1976/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIt was confirmed by thin-layer chromatography that NAD and NADP were finally degraded into nicotinamide and adenosine by the enzymes present in the crude extract of skipjack liver. The first step of the degradation was catalyzed by three hydrolases, NAD(P) nucleosidase, nucleotide pyrophosphatase and alkaline phosphatase. NMN, one of the reaction products, was further degraded into nicotinamide by the action of alkaline phosphat-ase and purine nucleosidase. The liver showed the highest activities of the three hydrolases followed by the kidney. The activity of NAD(P) nucleosidase was highest in cardiac muscle. All four of the enzyme activities were extremely low in boty dark and ordinary muscle. This was also the case with the yellowtail. In skipjack liver, these enzymes were, for the most part, distributed in the cytoplasm excepting mitochondria.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (539K) -
NAD(P) nucleosidaseの単離精製阿部 宏喜, 清水 千秋, 松浦 文雄1976 年 42 巻 6 号 p. 713-720
発行日: 1976/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA mixture of the three hydrolases, NAD(P) nucleosidase, nucleotide pyrophosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase, participating in the first step of the NAD(P) decomposition, was separated from skipjack liver. By Sephadex G-100 gel filtration, NAD(P) nucleosidase was successfully isolated from the mixture. During the gel filtration, the enzyme was found to separate into one main and one minor fraction. Both enzymes were purified further by several types of column chromatography using DEAE- and CM-cellulose, DEAE-Sephadex A-25, and hydroxylapatite and also by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration. The enzyme from the main fraction was finally purified about 1, 200-fold. It was demonstrated by polyacrylamide and starch gel electrophoresis that this enzyme consisted of three components. From the minor fraction, an enzyme preparation was obtained which was essentially composed of several other components but still contaminated with some components of the main fraction.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1016K) -
河内 正通1976 年 42 巻 6 号 p. 721-729
発行日: 1976/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe double bond positions in the isomeric eicosadienoates from the lipid of a sea urchin species, Anthocidaris crassispina, were determined, were determined by means of mass spectrometry, periodate-permanganate oxidation, alkaline isomerization, GLC analysis on capillary column and hydrazine partial reduction followed by periodate-permanganate oxidation.
It was found that two isomers containing non-methylene interrupted double bonds exist in sea-urchin lipid. One of the isomers yielded mainly nonanoic and suberic acids on oxidative cleavage, and gave no characteristic absorption of conjugated dienes in the UV region after alkaline isomerization. These results indicate that the isomer is a hitherto unknown acid, i.e., 3, 11-eicosadienoic acid. The other isomer was characterized as 5, 11-eicosadienoic acid which is rarely demonstrated in marine organisms. It produced nonanoic, glutaric and adipic acids on direct oxidative cleavage and nonanoic, pentadecanoic, glutaric and undecanedioic acids on oxidative cleavage of its partial reduction products.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (492K)
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