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Volume 42, Issue 8
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
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Mikio OGURI1976 Volume 42 Issue 8 Pages 823-830
Published: August 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCondition coefficient, hepatosomatic index, and liver histology were compared between “cobalt” and normal rainbow trouts. The results showed clearly that the “cobalt” fishes had corpulent body structure and enlarged liver. From histological examinations, it was also evidenced that the liver cells in the “cobalt” fishes of smaller size (body weight: 40-60g) contained considerable amounts of glycogen, whereas the cells in fishes of larger size (160-225g) included abundant fat droplets. Therefore, the enlargement of liver in “cobalt” rainbow trout seems to be induced by this remarkable accumulation of glycogen and fat in liver cells, probably resulting from the functional impediment of this organ.View full abstractDownload PDF (2255K) -
Hideo SEKIGUCHI, Makoto NAGOSHI, Kazushi HORIUCHI, Noboru NAKANISHI1976 Volume 42 Issue 8 Pages 831-835
Published: August 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFeeding, fat deposits and growth of sand-eels (Ammodytes personatus) were examined by taking samples from the Tsu fish market from 25 th February to 29 th May 1974.
The rapid growth and accumulation of fat, in accordance with voracious feeding, was observed shortly before the sand-eels entered the dormant state they pass through in summer. Sand-eels in this state depend for their life on the nutritional accumulation gained beforehand. So it is deduced that the nutritional condition in May, shortly before the sand-eels pass into a dormant state, would have a great influence on their survival and also on the potential of the resources of Ise Bay.View full abstractDownload PDF (219K) -
Koohei HASHIMOTO, Yukio SASAKI, Kooichi TAKINAMI1976 Volume 42 Issue 8 Pages 837-845
Published: August 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to elucidate the conditions for extrusion of the polar filament of the microsporidian spore (Plistophora anguillarum), the effects of hydrogen peroxide, pH and temperature of incubation have been tested in vitro.
The spores used for the study were collected from the diseased eels (Anguilla japonica) obtained at the Hamanako Branch of the Shizuoka Pref. Fish. Exptl. St.
The results obtained are as follows:
(1) In the case of H2O2, if a higher concentration was used, a higher rate of extrusion of the polar filament resulted.
(2) The rate of extrusion showed high values at pH 3-4. This characteristic was never observed in other species.
(3) On the other hand, related to temperature, the present species showed high rates of extrusion at low temperatures (5-10°C) unlike other species.
(4) The high speed motion picture taken to observe extrusions showed the speed being about 7-8μ per 1/64 second. The length of the extruded polar filaments were 80-400μ (10-60 times that of the spores).
(5) The polar filaments extruded were in a twisted form because it had remained coiled in the spore.
(6) It was seen that the spores became dark grey after the extrusion.View full abstractDownload PDF (1041K) -
Carotenoids in Six Species of Leuciscinaeous FishesTakao MATSUNO, Masaaki KATSUYAMA1976 Volume 42 Issue 8 Pages 847-850
Published: August 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCarotenoid pigments from the fin and skin of herbivorous chub, common fatminnow, piscivorous chub, dace, pale chub, and dark chub were investigated. Cynthiaxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, astaxanthin, and α-doradexanthin were predominant and β-carotene, cryptoxanthin, triol and tetraol (β-carotene type) were present in small amounts.
It was found that nuptial coloration of male fishes of pale chub and dark chub was due to the presence of α-doradexanthin and astaxanthin. Tunaxanthin was not found in any of the six species of Leuciscinaeous fishes.View full abstractDownload PDF (232K) -
Yasukatsu OSHIMA, William E.FALLON, Yuzuru SHIMIZU, Tamao NOGUCHI, Yos ...1976 Volume 42 Issue 8 Pages 851-856
Published: August 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe algal specimens, mussels and short-necked clams were collected during or im-mediately after the outbreak of Gonyaulax sp. at Owase Bay in 1975. Extraction and purification of the toxins were carried out according to the method used for the isolation of the toxins in softshell clams and cultured G. tamarensis. By a combination of Sephadex G-15, Bio-Gel P-2 and Bio-Rex 70 column chromatography, six toxins were isolated from each specimen. Of these, five were identified as saxitoxin, GTX1, GTX1', GTX2, and GTX3, respectively, which were found in G. tamarensis. The major toxin JGXI was found to be a new one.View full abstractDownload PDF (277K) -
Binding Behavior of Haptoglobin with Hemoglobin (2)Masaaki KODAMA, Kanehisa HASHIMOTO, Fumio MATSUURA1976 Volume 42 Issue 8 Pages 857-861
Published: August 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEel haptoglobin (Hp) was mixed with the freshly prepared and the aged component F of eel hemoglobin (Hb) to provide two kinds of Hp-Hb complex: one considered to be composed of one molecule each of Hp and Hb, and the other, of one molecule of Hp and three molecules of Hb as judged by the electrophoretic binding test.
After being isolated by Sephadex gel filtration, both complexes were analyzed for molecular weight and heme content. Results showed that they have the same molecular weight (about 160, 000) and the same heme content (4 moles/mole of complex), thus indicat-ing that both complexes are composed of one molecule each of Hp and Hb. On the other hand, the diffuse electrophoretic band which appeared in the bingding test of eel Hp with the aged component F, was identified as denatured Hb.
It was concluded from these results that the denaturing action of eel Hp upon the aged component F is responsible for the apparent increase in the binding ratio.View full abstractDownload PDF (280K) -
Effects of Artificial Transplanting from Fresh Water into Sea Water on the Intestinal Microflora of Feeding and Non-Feeding FishMamoru YOSHIMIZU, Takahisa KIMURA, Minoru SAKAI1976 Volume 42 Issue 8 Pages 863-873
Published: August 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA total of 92 masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) which had developed silvering were divided into 4 groups. Three of these groups were transplanted from fresh water. The feeding conditions varied with the group. Viable counts were determined in the intestinal contents or slime of these salmon, in their ambient waters and in their diets. Over 1500 strains were isolated from the above samples. The composition of the microflora was determined according to the scheme of Shewan et al. (1960).
The results are summarized as follows:
1) Microbial viable counts in the intestinal contents or slime of the fish which were transplanted under normal feeding conditions were nearly constant while those which were transplanted without being fed decreased rapidly. This decreasing tendency was found in both fresh and sea water reared non-feeding fish.
2) The predominant genus in the intestinal microflora of the fresh water fish was Aeromonas, while in sea water fish it was Vibrio. Upon transplanting the fish from fresh water into sea water fish it was Vibrio. Upon transplanting the fish from fresh water into sea water, Aeromonas of the terrestrial type was gradually replaced by Pseudomonas as the proportion of sea water in the rearing water increased. This was followed by further replacement by Vibrio of the halophilic type which became predominant in the intestinal microflora.View full abstractDownload PDF (637K) -
The Intestinal Microflora of Salmon Living in the Open SeaMamoru YOSHIMIZU, Takahisa KIMURA, Minoru SAKAI1976 Volume 42 Issue 8 Pages 875-884
Published: August 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSViable counts were determined on the intestinal contents of 4 species of salmon (33 specimens), 6 other species of fish living in the Bering Sea (14 specimens) and 7 species of fish living off the south coast of Hokkaido (12 specimens). At the same time, their ambient sea waters and several species of zoo-plankton were examined. A total of 1100 strains were isolated from the above samples. The composition of the microflora was determined according to the scheme of SHEWAN et al. (1960).
The results are summarized as follows:
1) The viable microorganisms in the intestinal contents of both the salmon and the other species of fish numbered 102 to 107 per gram.
2) Vibrio was generally predominant in the intestinal microflora of both the salmon and the other species of fish.
3) The intestinal microflora of the fish living in the Bering Sea differed from the microflora of their ambient sea water and the zoo-plankton.View full abstractDownload PDF (516K) -
The Distribution of α-Doradexanthin and the Metabolism of Carotenoids in GoldfishYoshito TANAKA, Teruhisa KATAYAMA, K. L. SIMPSON, C. O. CHICHESTER1976 Volume 42 Issue 8 Pages 885-891
Published: August 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSignificant amounts of α-doradexanthin (3, 3'-dihydroxy-β, ε-carotene-4-one) were isolated from the integuments but not from the internal organs of goldfish, Carassius auratus (Linne), Benibuna, Carassius auratus v., fancy red carp, Cyprinus carpio Linne v., golden yellow carp, Cyprinus carpio Linne v. Lutein, canthaxanthin and to a lesser extent zea-xanthin were isolated from the internal organs of these fish.
Absorption spectra of α-doradexanthin and its saponification product, α-doradecin, are given. The partition ratio of the latter pigment is also reported. By feeding pure lutein and zeaxanthin it was confirmed that these pigments could be converted to astaxanthin in the goldfish, while β-carotene and canthaxanthin were not converted to astaxanthin. The fish fed pure zeaxanthin was redder in color than those fed lutein. It food can be transferred to body astaxanthin.View full abstractDownload PDF (359K) -
Takeshi WATANABE, Toshio TAKEUCHI1976 Volume 42 Issue 8 Pages 893-906
Published: August 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe study was conducted preliminarily to examine the effect of dietary pollock liver oil on the growth of rainbow trout and to clarify the effective components in the oil by feeding the two principal fractions, nonsaponifiables and total fatty acids, separated from pollock liver oil. The results showed that pollock liver oil had a superior food value for fish growth and that its fatty acid fraction was the principal element, judging from the growth conditions and analytical data. In addition, a diet containing methyl linolenate in a quantity comparable to the total amount of ω3 fatty acids contained in pollock liver oil produced better growth, but the growth enhancing effect of the methyl linolenate was far less than that of the original pollock liver oil. It was thus postulated that ω3 highly unsaturated fatty acids in pollock liver oil may have a higher efficiency than that of linolenic acid in a manner similar to the relationship existing between linoleic and arachidonic acids in mammals.View full abstractDownload PDF (744K) -
Toshio TAKEUCHI, Takeshi WATANABE1976 Volume 42 Issue 8 Pages 907-919
Published: August 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFeeding experiments were conducted to compare the effects of ω3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA, 20:5ω3:22:6ω3=1:1) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6ω3) with that of linolenic acid (18:3ω3) on growth and fatty acid composition of rainbow trout. Addition of ω3 fatty acids, not only 18:3ω3 but also 22:6ω3 and HUFA even at low levels, to an EFA-deficient diet vastly improved growth and feed conversion. Supplemental effects of 0.25% 22:6ω3 and 0.25% HUFA on the growth of rainbow trout were comparable to that of 0.5% 18:3ω3 and those of 0.5% 22:6ω3 and 0.5% HUFA slightly exceeded those of 1 to 3% 18:3ω3. The diet containing 1% 22:6ω3 or 1% HUFA gave the best weight gain and the best feed conversion. These results, together with EFA index and analytical data, indicated that rainbow trout responded better to dietary 22:6ω3 and HUFA than to 18:3ω3 and that 22:6ω3 and HUFA were more effective as EFA than 18:3ω3. Feeding the EFA-deficient diet resulted in raising the levels of the “abnormal” polyunsaturated 20:3ω9 and monoethylenic fatty acids, 16:1 and 18:1, and these levels were lowered by both 22:6ω3, HUFA and 18:3ω3. HUFA and 22:6ω3 appeared to be more efficient than 18:3ω3 in reducing the level of these fatty acids.View full abstractDownload PDF (612K) -
Response of Protease and Amylase to Twice-a-Day FeedingToshio ONISHI, Shigeo MURAYAMA, Masaaki TAKEUCHI1976 Volume 42 Issue 8 Pages 921-929
Published: August 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEnzyme activities were studied over a period of time after feeding with a commercial pellet either once (I) or twice (II) a day. In both I & II, intestinal protease activity increased after the first feeding with a maximum at 5-7.5 hr. Amylase activity also reached a maximum at 5-7.5 hr, although it decreased temporarily after each feeding. Hepato-pancreatic protease decreased immediately and at 5-7.5 hr, recovering 10.5hr after the first feeding in both I & II. Hepatopancreatic amylase in I showed minimal activity after 5 hr with recovery thereafter. In II, at 5 hr after the second feeding, the level of activity was still far lower than the original one. It was concluded that the synthesis and secretion of enzymes in response to feeding is not transient, and that there is a time lag between the decrease in the amount of food in the digestive tract and the increase in the activity of the digestive enzymes.View full abstractDownload PDF (431K) -
Mercury Distribution in Muscles of Tunas and SwordfishSatoshi ARIMA, Shigeru UMEMOTO1976 Volume 42 Issue 8 Pages 931-937
Published: August 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLately the mercury contained in fish flesh has received considerable attention. From the viewpoint of biochemistry and food science, mercury distribution in fish muscle is a matter of concern as well as mercury level. The samples used were ordinary muscle taken from bigeye tuna Thunnus obesus, bluefin tuna T. thynnus and swordfish Xiphias gladius. Four components; myofibrillar protein (Mf), sarcoplasmic protein (Sp), extractives (nonprotein nitrogenous compounds) (Ex) and insoluble muscle residue (R) were separated from the muscle and the content and mercury concentration in each were determined.
The total mercury concentrations in the muscles ranged from 0.74 to 2.34 ppm. The mercury contents (Hg/N) were different among the four components being highest in Mf followed by Sp and R, and lowest in Ex. This resulted in an uneven distribution of mercury in muscle. Owing to the high content of Mf in muscle and the high content of mercury in Mf, 57 to 68% of the muscle mercury was found in Mf, and 71 to 89% in Mf and Sp fractions which composed the major part of muscle protein. Similar patterns of mercury distribution were observed in the six muscles examined, in spite of the wide variation in mercury level from 0.74 to 2.34ppm.
Linear relations were found between the mercury content in muscle and that in Mf or Sp. At a low mercury level, mercury was preferentially incorporated into Mf, while at a higher level, mercury was preferentially incorporated into both Mf and Sp. It seems that compared with Sp, Mf has a higher affinity for mercury.View full abstractDownload PDF (434K) -
Hitoshi HIROTA, Masaichi MORITA, Nobuhiko TANIGUCHI1976 Volume 42 Issue 8 Pages 939
Published: August 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1211K) -
Nobuhiro FUSETANI, Chieko OZAWA, Yoshiro HASHIMOTO1976 Volume 42 Issue 8 Pages 941
Published: August 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (79K)
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