巻号一覧
42 巻, 9 号
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漁場移動を利用した漁具能率qの推定松宮 義晴, 田中 昌一1976 年 42 巻 9 号 p. 943-952
発行日: 1976/09/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIncorporating the effect of catch, immigration, emigration and stay of fish shoals into the abundance index in number of the saury population by size category and fishing ground, a simple dynamics model was developed. From this model, a linear relation is obtained between the rate of immigration or emigration and the catchability coefficient q. Possible minimum rate is estimated from the shift of the fishing ground, assuming that the fish shoals move only in the south-west direction. Possible ranges of q are obtained from these minimum rates. It was found that q=0.00028 meets all 24 requirements except one, and hence was adopted as the estimate of q. From various statistics and the value of q, the following quantities were calculated for every year and size category: total catch in number, total available population in number, number of the immigrants, rate of exploitation, mean of effective overall fishing intensity index in a 10-day period and mean of the number of 10-day periods of stay. The yearly variation of the dynamics of the saury population was examined. The poor catch in recent years seems to be caused, firstly by the decrease of fishing intensity, and secondly, by the decline of the abundance of the population. Reduced fishing intensity suggests that the cause of the population decline is not due to overfishing.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (489K) -
益子 計夫, 山岸 宏1976 年 42 巻 9 号 p. 953-959
発行日: 1976/09/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリー50 newly hatched larvae of an eleotrid goby, Odontobutis obscurus were reared in a glass aquarivm for 84 weeks, and their growth was traced with special observation on their aggressive and territorial behaviour, and the use of piled-up shelters by them.
1. Under controlled water temperatures (18±1 to 20±1°C), their mean body length reached 9.2cm in one year (52 weeks), and the yearling females spawned in the aquarium.
2. For the relationship between body weight (W g) and body length (L cm), an equation W=0.02031 L3.1521 was applicable for the whole developmental stages.
3. Some of the shelters used by the fish became territorial centers according to the development of aggressiveness by 20 to 24 weeks after hatching. The appearance of territorial behaviour did not seem to influence the growth and survival of fish under uncrowded conditions.
4. Introduction of piled-up shelters in the rearing place seems to be advantageous for high density captivity, because territory-unestablished individuals utilize its upper position for their staying site.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (472K) -
鈴木 亮1976 年 42 巻 9 号 p. 961-967
発行日: 1976/09/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn order to obtain basic information for the artificial fry production in the loach, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, a number of ovarian eggs and artificially spawned eggs by hormone injection and egg diameter were examined in adult females of various sizes and ages. Females of three and more years of age showed 100 per cent spawning against the total injected females, although two-year females comprised 84.8 per cent. About 56 per cent ripe eggs against the total ovarian eggs were spawned at a time. Number of ovarian eggs and spawning eggs increases propor-tionally with the body weight of adult females. In females larger than 15.2g in body weight, number of spawning eggs per unit body weight and gonadosomatic index also increase proportionally with the body weight, but in females smaller than 15.2g such interrelationship is not observed. The size composition in ovarian eggs displays characteristic features of the type of asynchronism, that is, the ovary in the full stage contains ovarian eggs of various sizes. Based on these results, adult females larger than ablout 15g may be more fruitul for artificial egg taking than the smaller females and the loaches may spawn several times within a spawning season.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (479K) -
類結節症抗菌に対するin vitroでの抗菌力,耐性獲得および耐性消失楠田 理一, 井上 喜久治1976 年 42 巻 9 号 p. 969-973
発行日: 1976/09/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーStudies are being made to apply ampicillin for pseudotuberculosis of cultured yellowtails. In vitro sensitivity and development of drug-resistance characteristics of Pasteurella piscicida were examined. Chloramphenicol was used for comparison. The minimum inhibitory concentration of ampicillin to P. piscicida was 0.04 to 0.08 mcg/ml and the MIC of chloramphenicol was 0.63 mcg/ml. Antibacterial activity of ampicillin was 8 to 16 times greater than the activity of chloramphenicol. After 10 serial passages in vitro under the presence of drug, MIC values to ampicillin and to chloramphenicol were 4 to 8 times greater than the initial values. Reversion of acquired drug-resistance features to ampicillin also was studied. After 5 serial passages in vitro in BHI agar under the absence of the drug, the acquired drug-resistance characteristics of P. piscicida disappeared, i.e., MIC changing from 0.32 mcg/ml to 0.04-0.08 cmg/ml. Results of the study suggest that ampicillin is an useful antibacterial drug for pseudotuberculosis of cultured yellowtails.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (248K) -
斎藤 昭二1976 年 42 巻 9 号 p. 975-985
発行日: 1976/09/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn order to clarify the time of capture of tunas by the long-line gear, the catch data and the records of capture that was measured by an automatic depth meter were examined. The experiments were carried out in the tropical Pacific for bigeye and yellowfin from January to March, 1974, and in the western South Pacific for albacore in November, 1969.
Assuming that tuna catch is in proportion to the soaking time of the long-line gear, the CPUE/hour (soaking time) was estimated from the CPUE by soaking time. The lethal time (lapse time from capture to death) was calculated from the CPUE of dead fish by soaking time. The lethal times of bigeye, yellowfin and albacore were 4.82, 2.90 and 2.57 hours (soaking time), respectively. The CPUE/hour of live fish could be estimated by the lethal time. Then, comparisons of the variances and means of these CPUE/hour were made between daytime and nighttime.
The bigeye showed greater values than the yellowfin not only in the lethal time but also in the variance of CPUE of dead fish. Accordingly, from pooled CPUE/hour of live and dead fishes in the bigeye and from the CPUE/hour of live fish in the yellowfin, it was considered that the feeding in the daytime is more active than that in the nighttime. In the albacore, the catch data in the nighttime was insufficient, but it was presumed that the feeding is of a similar tendency to the former species.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (481K) -
鹿山 光, 飯島 憲章1976 年 42 巻 9 号 p. 987-996
発行日: 1976/09/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn mammals, absorbed micelles are resynthesized in the epithelial cells of the intestine and transported as chylomicrons through the lymphatic route, then as various lipoproteins in the circulatory system. It is rather difficult to draw conclusions about the dynamic processes involved in the absorption and transport of lipids, since there are few studies on these processes in fish.
Carp treated with dorsal aorta cannulation, fed or starved for 3 weeks, were force-fed by catheter with 40 μCi of [1-14C] palmitic acid or -tripalmitin dissolved in 0.15ml of carp lipids and chased with 0.2ml of the cold lipids. From the cannulated tube, 0.8ml of blood was collected at various intervals after feeding. The disc electrophoresis pattern of carp blood plasma shows three main lipoprotein bands when prestained with acetylated Sudan black B: Band I (albumin lipid complex), Band II (near α2-lipoprotein) and Band III (near β-and pre-β-lipoproteins of human plasma). Incorporation of palmitic acid into plasma lipid classes in starved fish was markedly characterized by the initial appearance within 1/2-3hr of FFA associated mainly with Band I followed by gradual increases in TG and PL later. Under normal conditions, high levels of FFA appeared; however, TG associated with Bands III and I appeared distinctly only after 6-12hr. In the case of tripalmitin feeding, FFA appeared first, the incorporation being moderate but constant, followed by TG (after 3hr) as the major lipid constituent associated first with Band III, which seemed to be converted to Band I after 6hr.
It can be pointed out from these results that the mammalian lipid transport mechanism is not applicable to fish; instead, Band I associated mainly with FFA plays an important role in fish lipid transport.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1253K) -
手島 新一, 金沢 昭夫, 安藤 哲夫1976 年 42 巻 9 号 p. 997-1002
発行日: 1976/09/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA C27-sterol with a unique side-chain was isolated from a starfish, Leiaster leachii. The sterol was isolated from the complex sterol mixture of the starfish by using column chromatography on silver nitrate-impregnated silicic acid with hexane-benzene.
The structure of this sterol was elucidated by gas-liquid chromatography, infrared absorption, mass, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. As a result, this sterol was identical with amuresterol, 22-trans-27-nor-(24S)-24-methylcholesta-7, 22-dien-3β-ol, a new sterol which had been quite recently isolated from another species of starfish, Asterias amurensis.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (312K) -
金沢 昭夫, 手島 新一, 坂本 義信, Jean-Claude B.GUARY1976 年 42 巻 9 号 p. 1003-1007
発行日: 1976/09/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThis study deals with the variation in the content of lipids and cholesterol in the tissues of a prawn, Penaeus japonicus, with the molting stages, postmolt, intermolt, and premolt.
The lipid content was highest in the eyestalk and hepatopancreas among the tissuesexamined. The hepatopancreatic lipid content varied during the molting cycle, reaching a maximum value at the premolt stage. In contrast, that of the eyestalk remained almost constant throughout the molting cycle.
The cholesterol content was highest in the eyestalk among the tissues examined. In addition, the hypodermis had a considerably high cholesterol content. During the molting cycle, the cholesterol content of the eyestalk varied, reaching a maximum at the intermolt stage.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (299K) -
cell-free extractのコハク酸酸化における無機塩要求性大工 勝信, 坂井 稔1976 年 42 巻 9 号 p. 1009-1012
発行日: 1976/09/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn order to investigate the mechanism of the type-specific salt requirements for the oxidations in M (marine)-, MH (marine halophilic)-, TH (terrestrial halophilic)-and T (terrestrial)-type bacteria reported in the previous paper, centrifugal supernatants were obtained from mortar-ground frozen cells by centrifuging at 10, 000χg for 30 min. The oxidation of succinic acid was measured with the Warburg respirometer. The supernatant of strain 1055-1 (M-type) required Mg2+ and Ca2+ but neither Na+ nor K+ for the succinic acid oxidation. On the other hand, the supernatants of strains 3-1-51 (MH-type) and 2-39 (T-type) did not require any salt. The oxidizing activities of the supernatants of the four types decreased to vanishing point as the centrifugal force was increased from 15, 000χg to 34, 000χg. Recovery of the activities, however, was observed in the 34, 000χg debris prepared from the 10, 000χg supernatants.
It was supposed that the activity for the succinic acid oxidation is present in cell debris, probably cell membrane fragments, and that oxidizing enzymes which are localized on the cell membrane require the type-specific salts.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (282K) -
spheroplastsの生理学的諸性状大工 勝信, 坂井 稔1976 年 42 巻 9 号 p. 1013-1023
発行日: 1976/09/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn the previous paper we had supposed that the type-specific salt requirements for the succinic acid oxidations of M (marine)-, MH (marine halophilic)-, TH (terrestrial halophilic)-and T (terrestrial)-types were present in the cell membrane. On the basis of that supposition, the formation of spheroplasts as a means of preparing the cytoplasmic membrane was attempted and several properties of the formed spheroplasts were studied in this paper. Four types of spheroplasts were formed by using penicillin G, which at 400 U/ml completely inhibited the biosyn-thesis of peptidoglycan in the cell wall in hypertonic media containing sucrose and MgCl2. Cells inoculated into the media changed into spherical cells lacking a cell wall within several hours. Harvested spheroplasts indicated a sharp response to environmental conditions of various osmotic pressures, completely disrupting in distilled water, and best maintained in hypertonic solutions after removing penicillin G, peptone and yeast extract from the spheroplast-forming media. Constriction of the spheroplasts was observed microscopically in media supplemented with 0.25 M, 0.50 M, and 1.00 M sucrose. When the nature of the spheroplasts was compared with that of the intact cells, the substrate-specificity of the spheroplast for the oxidations of sucrose, D-ribose, glucose, succinic acid, fumaric acid, L-arginine, L-leucine, L-glutamic acid, D, L-alanine and pyruvic acid were not altered.
The findings showed that the penicillin-induced spheroplasts were suitable material from which to prepare the cytoplasmic membrane and to investigate the mechanism of the type-specific salt requirements for succinic acid oxidation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1449K) -
志水 寛, 柄多 哲, 西岡 不二男1976 年 42 巻 9 号 p. 1025-1031
発行日: 1976/09/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe extractability of proteins from fish muscle homogenates was investigated at ionic strengths ranging between μ 0 and 0.3 (pH 6.8 ?? 7.0; ratio of muscle to extractant, 1:30) with 18 species of teleosts. Species variations were observed in the extraction patterns obtained between μ 0 and 0.05. As the ionic concentration was raised from μ 0 to 0.05, the amount of extractable protein increased rapidly in dark meat fish (migratory fish) such as sardine or chub mackerel and increased slowly in fish such as horse mackerel or lizard fish which are considered to be intermediate between dark and white meat fish. In white meat fish (bottom fish) such as Alaska pollack or nemipterid, however, the extractabilities more or less dcreased in the range of μ 0.025-0.05.Such differences between dark and white meat fish are attributable to a fraction eluting at Kav 0.2 ?? 0.3 on Sephadex G 200 filtration which is abundant in the sarcoplasm of the former (chub mackerel), and the greater solubilization of myofibrils from the latter (Alaska pollack) at ionic strengths of μ 0.025. From the results, μ 0.05 was recommended as the optimum concentraion for extracting sarcoplasmic proteins from either dark or white meat fish. The values of 0.05μ extractable protein nitrogen obtained in this study closely corresponded with those of non-protein nitrogen, the latter being an accepted marker for distinguishing between the two groups of fish.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (399K) -
松本 重一郎, 浅賀 良雄, 玉木 憲康, 水口 晴夫, 宇津 木敏, 田宮 徹, 鈴木 たね子1976 年 42 巻 9 号 p. 1033-1040
発行日: 1976/09/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThis work was undertaken as an introductory step for isolating the biologically active components of the hydrolysate preparation of fur seal skeletal muscle proteins which contain some vasoactive factors as reported previously. This study was carried out with 2 preparations obtained at different fractionation stages, i.e., “unfractionated mixture” and “lyophilized powder”, the latter constituting the second fraction of gel filtration (Sephadex G-25) of the former. The 2 preparations differed in peptide composition, because their relative biuret, ninhydrin and ultraviolet absorption values differed respectively. By paperand thin layer-chromatography, peptide mapping as well as ion exchange column chromatography, both preparations were found to contain more than 22 peptide components, though the lyophilized powder had less than the other.
The lyophilized powder showed an accelerating effect on the rates of both superprecipitaion (0.1 ionic strength, pH 7.0) and ATPase activity (0.15 ionic strength, pH 6.4) of fish actomyosins. The acceleration was also positive when Ca and Mg ions were removed by adding GEDTA or EDTA. These effects seem to be involved in the vasoactive and vasodilatory function of the fur seal peptide preparation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (392K) -
申 錫雨, 堀江 進, 奥積 昌世, 小林 義久1976 年 42 巻 9 号 p. 1041-1053
発行日: 1976/09/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーDuring 1974 and 1975, the relationship between the seasonal occurence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in coastal sea-water and its surrounding bacterial flora was investigated. High counts of V. parahaemolyticus in water samples, ranging from 10 to 104 per 100ml, were obtained in the summer months, while in winter, the organisms disappeared. The seasonal variation in bacterial plate counts of sea-waters determined by 7 day incubation at 25°C was quite random. Among the strains isolated at 25°C only two genera, Vibrio and Pseudomonas, dominated independent of seasonal variations in water temperature. However, the growth temperature ranges of these organisms correlated with the seasons in which they were isolated, most of the summer isolates being able to grow at 35°C, while winter isolates were not.
The plate count values obtained at difterent incubation temperatures, namely, 25, 37, 40, 42 and 44°C were compared with seasonal variations. A close correlation between the level of incidence of V. paraheamolyticus and the plate counts obtained with 42Cª incubation was found. Among the bacterial flora on the plate count media incubated at 42°C Vibrio and Pseudomonas constituted a relatively large percentage of the summer population, while gram positive rod bacteria predominated from October to December. Most of the Vibrtio strains isolated at 42°C were identified as V. alginolyticus. It was revealed that V. parahaemolyticus in coastal sea-water is accompanied by greater numbers of V. alginolyticus during the summer season.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (592K) -
池田 弥生, 尾崎 久雄, 早山 萬彦, 池田 静徳, 見奈美 輝彦1976 年 42 巻 9 号 p. 1055-1064
発行日: 1976/09/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe changes in various blood constituents were examined in the yellow-tail Seriola quinqueradiata inoculated with a pathogenic microorganism Nocardia kampachi. The changes characteristic of chronic suppurative inflammation were visually observed in most of the inoculated specimens. Increases in the total white cell, neutrophil, and monocyte counts and in the serum levels of total protein, albumin, globulin, and alkaline phosphatase were recognized. In addition, the A/G ratio was increased. Of the serum protein fractions as separated by cellulose acetate electrophoresis, fractions II, II1, and III showed a significant increase. On the other hand, mature erythrocyte and reticulocyte counts, hemoglobin concentration, and the serum levels of fraction I, total cholesterol, urea-N and sodium were all observed to decrease slightly. It was noticed that the increases in neutrophil count, albumin level, and alkaline phosphatase activity precede external symptoms. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin and the serum levels of glucose, chloride, potassium, cal-cium, magnesium, phosphate-P, and of some enzymes such as GOT, GPT, LDH and LAP, remained unchanged.
From these results, it was concluded that the disturbances in the liver, kidney, and spleen caused by Nocardia inoculation are slight.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (525K)
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