巻号一覧
43 巻, 1 号
選択された号の論文の16件中1～16を表示しています
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森勝 義, 長内 健治, 佐藤 隆平1977 年 43 巻 1 号 p. 1-8
発行日: 1977/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーSeasonal changes of the gonads of scallops, Patinopecten yessoensis (JAY), cultivated by the hanging method in Tôni Bay, Iwate Prefecture, were observed histologically. The gonad condition was classified into seven stages: I. undifferentiating stage (immature stage), II. Early differentiating stage (follicular stage), III. growing stage, IV. mature stage, V. spawning stage(partially spent stage), VI. post-spawning stage (completely spent stage) and VII. degenerating stage. Using this classification, the seasonal changes of the gonad condition of scallops, from one year until two years and two moths after birth during 1972-1973, was recorded. In Tôni Bay the gonad began to differentiate into oocytes or spermatocytes in September and increased in their volume, by the multiplication of the reproductive cells, in December and reached to mature conditions by February-March. Spawning seemed to take place during April-May. The reproductive cells that remained in the spent gonad degenerated or were absorbed during June-July. In the one-year-old specimens collected in May hermaphroditic gonads were present. Here spermatozoa and spermatids were surrounded by oocytes composed of follicle wall. The presence of hermaphrodism suggests that the scallop alters its sexual phase from male to female in the process of development. The mature or partially spent gonads observed in toe two year-old specimens, which were collected in July, 1973, indicated a fall in spawning activity and a non-synchronizing sexual maturation under the conditions of Tôni bay.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2345K) -
森 勝義, 長内 健治1977 年 43 巻 1 号 p. 9-17
発行日: 1977/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーGonad development of one-year-old scallops, Patinopecten yessoensis (JAY), cultivated in Yamada Bay, Iwate Prefecture, during August, 1973-January, 1974, was studied by histological methods and observations compared with that in Tôni Bay. The results obtained are as follows.
(1) One-year-old scallops collected in May, 1973, possessed mature testes or ovaries. These show that not only the males but also the females can reach to gonad maturation within one year after birth. Among them were observed specimens possessing hermaphroditic gonad, which suggest sexual phase alternations in the progress of development.
(2) During June-August, the control specimens collected in Tôni Bay were in an immature stage and the remaining reproductive cells had degenerated and had been absorbed completely, while many specimens in Yamada Bay possessed mature or partially spent gonads.
(3) The maintenance of mature gonad condition in summer was more remarkable in the area with high mortality. This suggests that the abnormal condition of the gonads is one of the important factors causing mass-mortality in Yamada Bay.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2018K) -
判別計数用マスクの設計石井 丈夫1977 年 43 巻 1 号 p. 19-30
発行日: 1977/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーAmong several modules for counting of echo pattern of individual fish in the oceanic field, Module AMDESS is proposed in this paper. Some functions of this module are explained with several graphic examples. There are sever steps in AMDESS.
1) The main function of AMDESS is to design the mask from sets of echo elements (SUBSET) in each depth range.
2) SUBSETs of TYPE A and B2, reported in the previous paper of this series, are laid on the element map by the method of adjustment between map point and base point.
3) The right part (R part) of the mask is decided to be positions which have smoothing frequencies more than the limited value (Flmt) obtained from the maximum frequency (FMAX).
4) After setting the wrong part (W part) surrounding R part, the number of elements in W part is adjusted to that in R part by the conversion from W part to B part or the inverse process.
5) For example masks in five depth ranges were produced from SUBSETs, extracted beforehand and stored in MT, of RNO 056020 recorded in the cruise of Hakuho Maru in the South Pacific in 1969.
6) There were moderate variations between masks produced by four levels of acoustic transmissions (TNO=1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000) in the same depth range even from the same echo data.
7) Using masks designed by this module, echo patterns of RNO 056020 were counted on trial.
8) From these results, it is recognized that these designed masks are sufficiently useful to count echo patterns from field data.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1181K) -
小林 弘, 中野 和枝, 中村 守純1977 年 43 巻 1 号 p. 31-37
発行日: 1977/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe ginbunas (Carassius auratus langsdorfii) captured in the Kanto district were exclusively females, and the majority of them showed the triploid chromosome number of 156. A few individuals, however, contained 206 instead of 156 chromosomes in the same district. In this connection, we re-examined the chromosomes of ginbunas collected from Chiba prefecture, using scale epithelial cell cultures and have been able to demonstrate a consistent karyotype in ginbunas with 206 chromosomes; they consisted of 22 pairs of metacentrics, 41 pairs of submetacentrics and 40 pairs of acrocentrics. Consequently, these female ginbunas appeared to represent the 4n lineage.
In order to find out th productive system of the 4n ginbuna, a cross breeding between a female ginbuna (4n) and a male kinbuna (2n) collected from Kasumigaura was made in a series of this study. The development of the cross-bred eggs was normal, and the larvae grew up normaly. All the grown up offsprings were females and similar to the maternal ginbun in their body shape. Chromosome preparations in the offsprings were made from short term lymphocyte cultures obtained from renal tissues. The results of chromosome counts in 6 offsprings examined revealed the modal chromosome number of 206. Comparing the karyotypes of the offsprings with that of the maternal 4n ginbuna, we could not find out any difference among their chromosome constitutions, so far as the morphological analysis is concerned.
Based on the present findings, the most likely explanation would be that the production of the 4n offsprings by a hybrid cross, 4n ginbuna×2n kinbuna, might have arisen by gynogenesis, as has already been pointed out for the production of 3n ginbunas by the authors.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1835K) -
前田 辰昭, 平川 英人1977 年 43 巻 1 号 p. 39-45
発行日: 1977/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe authors sampled the Alaska Pollack, Theragra chalcogramma (PALLAS), eggs by a vertical haul of the plankton net from the sea botton to the sea surface and measured the specimens of the Alaska Pollack caught by the bottom trawl from mid-April to the end of May during the spawning season of 1972 and 1973 in the eastern Bering Sea. Also examined were the spawning grounds of the Alaska Pollack, by a study of the distribution of the larvae sampled by a larva net of the “Oshoro Maru”, from Jnne to August of 1966-1968. From these studies the distribution pattern of the fish shoals from the maturity stage of the gonads and the sex ratio in the spawning season were investigated. In 1972 and 1973, the spawning grounds of the Alaska Pollack were divided into two parts by the shallow part of the Pribilof Islands and the sea valley of the south-eastern part of the islands. The center part of the spawning grounds was formed in the north-western area of the Unimak Island and the south-western area of the Pribilof Islands. In addition to these, the authors wish to infer that other spawning grounds were formed in the near continental slope of the north western area of the Pribilof Islands as observed from the distribution of the spawning fish and the larvae.
The sex ratio of the fish varied at each station. The male fish predominated in comparison with the female fish at the center part of the spawning grounds in the shallow part, but the male fish showed a slight decrease with the distance from the center part, and the female fish at the wintering grounds in the deep sea areas were more numerous than the male fish.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (527K) -
前田 昌調, 清水 潮, 多賀 信夫1977 年 43 巻 1 号 p. 47-52
発行日: 1977/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーVarious genera of marine bacteria, such as Pseudomonas, Vibrio, Acinetobacter, Flavobacterium, isolated from Tokyo, Sagami and Suruga Bays in Japan and from the central waters of the North Pacific Ocean were tested for deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)-hydrolyzing activity. Among the bacterial genera tested, Vibrio was the predominant genus of DNA-hydrolyzing microorganisms in coastal waters, Tokyo, Sagami and Suruga Bays. However, large proportions of Pseudomonas species isolated from the North Pacific Ocean could hydrolyze DNA. The ratio of DNA-hydrolyzing organisms in this Pseudomonas group increased with distance in the transition from coastal to pelagic sea. In addition, 196 of the 200 DNA-hydrolyzing bacterial strains hydrolyzed ribonucleic acid.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (305K) -
魚類におけるデヒドロ-L-アスコルビン酸の還元山本 義和, 佐藤 守, 池田 静徳1977 年 43 巻 1 号 p. 53-57
発行日: 1977/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe reduction of dehydro-L-ascorbic acid (DAsA) to L-ascorbic acid (AsA) was investigated in carp by means of radioactive tracer techniques. Six hours after intraperitoneal administration of DAsA-1-14C, 9.9% was recovered as“total AsA-14C”of which 96% was in the reduced form in the hepatopancreas. The reduction of DAsA-1-14C was also observed in other tissues such as kidney, eye, brain and blood.
The reduction of DAsA was assayed in vitro by using the crude extract of carp hepatopancreas. The reduction of DAsA by GSH increased remarkably in the presence of crude extract as compared to nonenzymatic reduction. Heating the extract for 5 min at 100°C resulted in the complete loss of its activity. These results indicate the presence of DAsA-reductase in carp hepatopancreas. The enzyme in carp was found mainly in the hepatopancreas and kidney, and showed the same level of activity as the rat liver enzyme. The enzyme activity was also detected in all of the fishes so far tested.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (292K) -
コイ肝膵臓のデヒドロ-L-アスコルビン酸還元酵素の精製および諸性質山本 義和, 佐藤 守, 池田 静徳1977 年 43 巻 1 号 p. 59-67
発行日: 1977/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーDAsA-reductase (EC 1.8.5.1) was purified from carp hepatopancreas by ammonium sulfate fractionation, Sephadex G-75 gel filtration and DEAE-Sephadex A-50 column chromatography, obtaining enzyme material enriched about 100-fold in specific activity with a 23% yield.
Some properties of the purified enzyme were studied with the following results. Without bovine serum albumin, the enzyme was relatively unstable. Optimal pH and temperature for the enzyme reaction were near 6.7 and 30°C, respectively. Co2+, Zn2+, Hg+ and Fe3+ strongly inhibited the enzyme activity, while Cu2+, Mg2+ and Mn2+ had no effect. The enzyme activity was only slightly affected if at all by EDTA, o-phenanthrolic acid, sodium azide, sodium arsenate and nucleotides, but was inhibited by sodium cyanide and CO gas. The Km value was 5.7×10-4 for DAsA and 1.5×10-3 for GSH. The enzyme was specific for GSH as a hydrogen donor and less specific for DAsA as a hydrogen acceptor. Product inhibition was observed with excess GSSG but not with AsA.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (425K) -
安元 健, 中島 一郎, Elianne CHUNGUE, Raymond BAGNIS1977 年 43 巻 1 号 p. 69-74
発行日: 1977/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe gut contents and the liver of a parrotfish Scarus gibbus contained ciguatoxin but not scaritoxin in spite of the fact that the latter toxin is dominant in the flesh. Absence of scari toxin in the diet suggested the possibility that the toxin was produced by the fish from a precursor in the diet. The conversion of the precursor, however, will not take place in the liver.
The gut contents contained maitotoxin and acetone soluble toxin(s) besides ciguatoxin. This newly found acetone soluble toxin was assumed to be a basic compound of small molecular size having strong paralytic action.
Algae content in the gut contents of the parrotfish was estimated to be very low on the basis of chlorophyll concentration. It was concluded that algae are not the organisms which produce the toxin(s).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (293K) -
中川 平介, 難波 憲二, 鹿山 光, 村地 四郎1977 年 43 巻 1 号 p. 75-81
発行日: 1977/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe electrophoretic properties of plasma protein of cultured yellow tail (body weight 2.6±0.34kg, n=31) were examined on cellulose acetate and polyacrylamide gel. The ranges and mean values of hematocrit, total plasma protein, and lipid were also measured.
1) Cellulose acetate electrophoresis of the plasma showed mainly 6 protein fractions. Although the electrophoretic patterns and percentage composition of plasma protein were similar to those of young ye'low tail (body weight 286±55.1g, n=10), their lipoprotein patterns were quite different. It was suggested that the physiological function of plasma protein components was not consistent throughout whole the life of the specimen.
2)A wide range in hematocrit values was obtained. However, the correlation coefficient between hematocrit value and amount of plasma protein was 0.75, and that between hematocrit value and amount of plasma lipid was 0.71.
3)No correlation was observed between hematocrit value and the electrophoretic pattern of plasma proteins.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (389K) -
金沢 昭夫, 安藤 哲夫, 手島 新一1977 年 43 巻 1 号 p. 83-88
発行日: 1977/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA new C20-sterol was isolated from a soft coral, Sarcophyta elegans. From the sterol mixture, the C29-sterol was isolated by column chromatography on a silver nitrate-impregnated silicic acid with hexane-benzene.
The chemical structure was determined by infrared absorption, mass, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometries. On the basis of the above data, this sterol was identified as 23, 24-dimethylcholesta-5, 23-dien-3β-ol.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (296K) -
生育環境要因ならびに栄養要求藤田 雄二, 銭谷 武平1977 年 43 巻 1 号 p. 89-95
発行日: 1977/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA general survey was carried out on the environmental conditions and the nutritional requirements for the growth of Pythium strains which seem to be the most prevalent pathogen involved in laver red rot in Ariake Sea. Five test strains grew in sea water concentrations of 0 to 100%, the growth maxima being between 40 and 100%. The optimal range of pH and temperature for growth seemed to be pH 7.0-8.5 and 15-25°C, respectively. When 4 strains were tested for nutritional requirements, vitamins were found to be not essential. However, yeast extract, liver extract and bovine serum stimulated their growth. Glucose, sucrose and starch were favorable sources of carbon. Amino acids such as alanine, serine, arginine, aspartate, glutamate and asparagines gave better growth than inorganic nitrogen compounds. By testing two strains, it was demonstrated that mannan (konjak), xylan (straw), casein and gelatin were attacked while agar, porphyran, mannan (seaweed) and xylan (seaweed) were not at all or only negligibly attacked.
Comparing the physiological characteristics as described above, the strains from Ariake Sea farm were, for the most part, similar to Pythium porphyrae from Miyagi Prefecture of Tohoku, but differed from P.porphyrae in the growth ranges of pH and temperature which resembled rather those of Pythium from Fukushima Prefecture of Tohoku.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (517K) -
流出油乳化剤の植物プランクトンに対する致死濃度徳田 廣, 新崎 盛敏1977 年 43 巻 1 号 p. 97-102
発行日: 1977/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe lethal concentrations of 84 commercially produced oil-spill emulsifiers for marine phytoplankton were determined by culture experiments. The samples of oil-spill emulsifiers were collected in August of 1971 (54 domestic and foreign products), 1973 (12 domestic products), 1974 (14 domestic products) and 1975 (4 foreign products). Among 3 species of phytoplankton used as test organisms, Skeletonema costatum was the most sensitive, Nitzschia closterium moderately sensitive, and Chlamydomonas sp. The least sensitive to the toxicity of oil-spill emulsifiers. The toxicity of oil-spill emulsifiers was reduced year after year due to the improvements in their components. The most recently produced oil-spill emulsifiers did not inhibit the growth of Skel. Costatum at a concentration of 100 ppm; moreover, some of them allowed the growth of this alga even at a concentration of 10, 000 ppm.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (375K) -
流出油乳化剤構成分の植物プランクトンに対する致死濃度徳田 廣1977 年 43 巻 1 号 p. 103-106
発行日: 1977/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe lethal concentrations of solvents (9 samples) and non-ionic surfactants (16 samples) used as oil-spill emulsifiers were determined for two species of marine phytoplankton by culture experiments with the following results. Of the test organisms used, Skeletonema costatum was ten times or more sensitive than Nitzschia closterium to most of the samples. The toxicity of petroleum solvents was dependent on their aromatic content. The surfactants with hydrophobic groups such as alkyl phenol and secondary alcohol were highly toxic. The ester type surfactants were less toxic than the ether type ones. It was also ascertained that there is some relation between the toxicity and the HLB of non-ionic surfactants.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (249K) -
林 征一, 大城 善太郎1977 年 43 巻 1 号 p. 107-113
発行日: 1977/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーGlutamate dehydrogenase from eel liver was purified 75.5 fold in 33% yield by ammonium sulfate fractionation, protamine and heat treatment, gel filtration and affinity chromatography on GTP-Sepharose. When the partially purified enzyme from gel filtration was applied to a GTP-Sepharose column, it was retained with very few other proteins and recovered in 80 to 90% yield.
The high affinity for ADP of glutamate dehydrogenase from eel liver was applied to the purification of this enzyme by affinity chromatography. Althouth this enzyme was retained on the ADP-Sepharose column, it could not be cluted either by a KCl gradient or by a pulse of NADH.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (366K) -
山中 英明, 菊池 武昭, 天野 慶之1977 年 43 巻 1 号 p. 115-120
発行日: 1977/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe level of sulfur dioxide in the muscle portion of imported frozen prawn treated with sodium bisulfite ranged from 10 to 30ppm, which was below the permissible residual amount (100ppm) designated in the food additives standard under the Japanese Food Sanitation Law. However, at the same time, 4 to 6ppm of formaldehyde was detected in the muscle.
When the Japanese prawn (Penaeus japonicus BATE) was dipped in 0.5% solution of sodium bisulfite, 40ppm of sulfur dioxide was recovered in the muscle immediately after the treatment, and 0.6ppm and 1.5ppm of formaldehyde were produced after 2 days of cold storage at 3°C and after 2 months of frozen storage at -20°C respectively, while no formaldehyde was detected in the muscle of the untreated prawn. It may be presumed that formaldehyde was generated from trimethylamine oxide in the muscle of prawn by a non-enzymatic reaction as a result of the treatment with sodium bisulfite.
Sulfur dioxide in the muscle and shell of prawn decreased considerably during frozen as well as cold storage.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (374K)
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