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Volume 43, Issue 10
Displaying 1-16 of 16 articles from this issue
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On Spawning throughout the Year and Self- fertilization in the GonadWataru IKEMATSU, Shin-ichi YAMANE1977 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages 1139-1146
Published: October 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was performed to investigate whether Corbicula leana, a fresh-water hermaphroditic bivalve known to spawn during March and November, spawn even in the winter season.
Incubated young were found within the inner demibranchs in some of the individuals collected in a culture pond in Kobayashi City on December 19. 1975, February 24, 1976 and March 25, 1976. In February, 17 of 150 specimens were incubating young, and the number of the young in each individual ranged between 32 and 870.
Histological observation of the gonads (ovotestes) during June 1975 and April 1976 revealed that all the individuals observed held mature gametes regardless of the time of collection. Percentage of the maturation stage-oocytes measuring above 130μ in long axis in all the oocytes of more than 15-20×25-30μ varied widely from individual to individual independently of the seasons: for instance, 9.9-21.2% in January, 13.2-20.7% in April, 5.7-18.0% in August. Percentage in an individual fixed immediately before spawning began was 33.7%.
It is concluded that Corbicula leana, as a population, may spawn throughout the year though the individuals may spawn out of step.
This study also revealed the presence of self-fertilized ova in cleavage within the gonads.View full abstractDownload PDF (1612K) -
Effects of Cumulative Parthemogenetic Generation on the Frequency of Bisexual ReproductionAkinori HINO, Reijiro HIRANO1977 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages 1147-1155
Published: October 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBradhionus plicatilis was successively cultured to the 3rd generation in low (1 individual/10ml) or high (1 individ./0.1 ml) density condition individually. In the previous report these experimental conditions induced significant difference in the inductivity of mictic female production, Mictic females similarly appeared both in the 3rd generation of groups A (high density was maintained during the 1st and the 2nd generation) and B (high density was maintained only during the 2nd generation). No mictic female was seen in group C which was treated only by low density. There seems to be at least two stages in the process of bisexual reproduction. The 1st is to acquire the ability to produce mictic female, which is naturally prepared as parthenogenetic generation goes on. The 2nd step is the action of an external factor like high density, which is effective only for animals which have passed through the 1st step.
Successive culture to the 25th generation of 20 strains showed that a strain acquired the ability generally in an early generation. Then it became intense with the progress of generations. The frequency of mictic female production differed with strain. Therefore it will be possible to select a suitable one for masscultur or artificial induction of dormant egg formation.View full abstractDownload PDF (460K) -
Teisuke MIURA, Hideo NAKAMURA, Sakuzo NISHIYAMA1977 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages 1157-1161
Published: October 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe graphic data processing systems for a position finding telemetric apparatus were tried.
For the first experiment, the telemeter systems were tested as two dimensional arrangement. The transponder was suspended under the miniature boat which was tugged around inside the pond.
These systems are composed of the telemeter main block, and the date processing computer s-5500, the interface block, and the x-y plotter s-7015.
The data taken by the telemeter are transformed to distance data and these data are transformed to position data. These position data are used for input data to the graphic data processing program. Then, the x-y plotter draws the target positions and other information.View full abstractDownload PDF (237K) -
SalmoniformesMasamichi YAMAMOTO, Kazuo UEDA1977 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages 1163-1174
Published: October 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe olfactory rosettes of three species of salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka, O. Masou, and O.keta) were studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The fine structure of the rosette is essentially similar in the three species. The sensory epithelium covers the depressed regions between the ridges of the secondary fold of the lamella. Beside the surface specialization: (1) those bearing many long cilia on the wide and flat surface (type 1 ciliated cell ), (2) those tearing several short cilia which project radially from a round cell apes (type 2 ciliated cell), (3)those bearing no cilia but a tuft of numerous microvilli (microvillous cell )and (4) those bearing neither cilia nor microvilli but protruding a simple rod from the surface (rod cell). the four types show almost similar internal ultrastructure. They are surrounded by supporting cells whose free surface has many short microvilli. Sensory epithelium is mostly comprised of approximately same number of type 1 ciliated cells, type 2 ciliated cells and microvillous cells. The rod cells occur in clusters in limited areas of the epithelium. The indifferent epithelium is composed of mucous cells and epidermal cells whose surface is covered with a fingerprint-like pattern of microridges. The transitional region between the sensory and the indifferent epithelium consists of the type 1 ciliated cells and the microridge bearing cells.View full abstractDownload PDF (3337K) -
Shigejiro YASUDA, Narihiko FUKAMIYA1977 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages 1175-1180
Published: October 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe hydrocarbons of gonads of sea urchins, Temnopleurus toreumaticus and Anthocidariscrassispina, were examined by gas-liquid chromatography. n-Heptadecane was the major n-alkane. n-Heptadecene, the predominant olefin, was identified as cis-7-heptadecene by GLC retention indices and by mass spectroscopy of the O-isopropylidene derivative. Squalene was the predominant hydrocarbon in both species, constituting 92% of the hydrocarbons in A. crassispina. In view of the similarity between the hydrocarbons of sea urchin gonads and those of green algae, it was suggested that the hydrocarbons, with the exception of squalene, are of dietary origin.View full abstractDownload PDF (348K) -
Masamichi TOYOMIZU, Kenichi HANAOKA, Kuniko SATAKE, Hiroki NAKAGAWA1977 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages 1181-1187
Published: October 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe accumulation rate of glycerylphosphorylcholine (GPC) in carp ordinary muscle at -20°C was significantly lower than the rates at 0 and -10°C. The rate at -10°C, on the contrary, was slightly higher than that at 0°C. In frozen fish, the accumulation of GPC proceeded more appreciably than the increase in K value.
At these low temperatures the accumulation of GPC corresponded closely to the decomposition of phosphatidylcholine (PC). However, this was not the case at 40°C at which GPC decreased after an initial increase and the amounts of accumulated GPC were much less than expected from the amounts of decreased PC. In muscle suspensions of a pacific mackerel and a carp, bacteria decomposed not only GPC but PC without forming GPC at 37°C, pH 7.5. However, no bacterial decomposition was observed at 0°C for 10 days in pacific mackerel muscle.
Consequently, the accumulation rate of GPC at 0°C which was slightly lower than that at -10°C could not be attributed to bacterial action.View full abstractDownload PDF (379K) -
Kenji HAYASHI, Toru TAKAGI1977 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages 1189-1194
Published: October 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe flesh lipids of gilled and impounded sardine, Sardinops melanosticta, were compared. In gilled fish, the ratios of neutral lipids to phospholipids increased with a decrease of the latter. The acid values of the neutral lipids were significantly high in dead gilled fish. There was little difference between gilled and impounded fish in the fatty acid compositions (%) of either triglycerides or neutral lipids. The phospholipid fatty acids of gilled fish showed a remarkable decrease of 20:5 and 22:6 acids and an increase of 16:0 acid.
The obvious decrease of polyenoic acids in the phospholipids of the gilled fish might be due mainly to a metabolic peculiarity under excessive stress.View full abstractDownload PDF (333K) -
Purfication and Properties of a Collagenase from the Pyloric Caeca of Yellow-tailReiji YOSHINAKA, Mamoru SATO, Shizunori IKEDA1977 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages 1195-1201
Published: October 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA collagenase from the pyloric caeca of yellow-tail, Seriola quinqueradiata, has been purified by affinity chromatography on a collagen-polyacrylamide gel column.
The purified pyloric caecum collagenase was inhibited almost completely by diisopropyl fluorophosphate, soybean trypsin inhibitor, N-tosyl-L-lysy1chloromethane, and human serum, and less strongly by EDTA and N-tosyl-L-phenylalanylchloromethane. On the other hand, cysteine somewhat activated this enzyme activity.
Disc electrophoretic patterns of collagen degraded by the action of this enzyme revealed a marked decrease in the original β component and the appearance of numerous new components beneath the original α and β components.
These findings indicate that, despite certain differences, this enzyme is more closely related to crab hepatopancreas collagenase than to most known animal and human collagenases.View full abstractDownload PDF (405K) -
Akira KURATA, Yoichi YOSHIDA, Haijime KADOTA, Fumio TAGUCHI1977 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages 1203-1208
Published: October 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe distribution of Ni-tolerant bacteria in sea water and bottom sediments of the Sea of Aso was observed and compared with that of the total heterotrophic bacteria. The Sea of Aso is a narrow and closed area of the sea adjacent to Miyazu Bay and has long received in-dustrial waste water containing Ni from a metallurgical factory. It was found that popula-tion densities of the total heterotrophic bacteria counted by means of ZOBELL 2216E medium ranged from l03 to 105/ml in sea water and from 104 to l05/g (wet basis) in bottom sediments. Most of these bacteria failed to grow on the medium containing Ni at a concentration of 1000 μg/ml. The numerical ratio of the Ni-tolerant bacteria to the total heterotrophic bacteria was relatively high in the heavily polluted area as compared with an unpolluted area. The ratio was found to correlate closely with the concentration of Ni in bottom sediments in the Sea of Aso. It is suggested that the above-mentioned ratio can be used as an index for the extent of environmental pollution by Ni in the coastal sea areas.View full abstractDownload PDF (319K) -
Toshio TOKUNAGA, Haruka IIDA, Koji NAKAMURA1977 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages 1209-1217
Published: October 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA method for the rapid determination of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) in animal tissues and food products has been devised. By this method the concentration and distribution of DMS as well as dimethyl-β-propiothetin (DMPT) in the krill were studied.
The following results were obtained.
1. Marked differences in the concentrations of DMS and DMPT were found among the 6 groups of frozen raw krill caught in different fishing grounds and seasons. In all samples analyzed, the concentration of DMS in the head part of frozen raw krill was found to be always higher than that in the tail muscle.
2. The concentrations of both DMS and DMPT in the frozen raw krill were very high as compared with those in all other shrimps examined.
3. The formation of DMS in frozen raw krill extract was extremely reduced by heat treatment. This suggests that DMS is enzymatically formed in krill viscera extract.
4. The concentration of DMS in the frozen raw krill increases considerably during storage at -10° or -20°C.
5. The amount of DMS formed in the krill by heating at lOO°C or 120°C for 30min was much lower than that formed enzymatically.View full abstractDownload PDF (1311K) -
Tadashi YANAGISAWA, Kanehisa HASHIMOTO, Fumio MATSUURA1977 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages 1219-1228
Published: October 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFive albumin components designated S2D1, S2D2, S3E1, S3E2, and S3E3, were isolated from carp plasma by a combination of Sephadex G-200 gel Filtration, DEAE-cellulose column chromatography, and preparative electrophoresis. Their molecular weights, in the above order, were estimated to be 145, 000, 145, 000, 58, 000, 71, 000, and 71, 000, respectively. It was demonstrated that each of components S2D1 and S2D2 is composed of several subunit chains, while each of the remaining components constitutes a single chain. Results of the dye binding tests showed that only components S2D1 and S2D2 bin with BPB, though all five components bind with HABA and BCG. Component S3E2 showed the strongest BCG-binding ability. All the components except S3E1 exhibited methemalbumin forming ability. Components S3E1 and S3E2 showed Sevin esterase activity. It was noted that component S3E2 is highest in these activities.View full abstractDownload PDF (601K) -
Yoshito TANAKA, Teruhisa KATAYAMA1977 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages 1229-1232
Published: October 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new aromatic carotenoid was isolated from orange sea sponge, Tethya amamensis, which was shown to be a 3, 4-didehydro-β, χ-carotene. The name tethyatene is proposed for the aromatic carotenoid.View full abstractDownload PDF (254K) -
Takahide TSUCHIYA, Hajime SUZUKI, Juichiro J. MATSUMOTO1977 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages 1233-1240
Published: October 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSG-Actin prepared from the obliquely striated mantle muscle of squid by a modified SPUDICH and WATT's method was ultracentrifugally monodisperse with a sedimentation coefficient, S020, w, of 3.3S, and its molecular weight was estimated to be 4.3×104 by SDS disc electrophoresis. The intrinsic viscosity of the squid G-actin was 0.12dl/g, and the viscosity increased by adding 0.1M KCl or 2mM MgCl2 revealing polymerization to F-actin. On ultracentrifugation, the squid F-actin showed 2 faster peaks with sedimentation coefficients corresponding to those of rabbit F-actin. Under the electron microscope, squid F-actin consisted of double stranded filaments, on which a periodicity of 35-36nm was recognized as was also the case with rabbit F-actin. There were no significant differences in amino acid composition among the actins of squid, fish, rabbit and plasmodium. Superprecipitation and viscosity response with added ATP were tested with positive results on the synthetic actomyosin from squid actin and carp myosin. The latter test was compared with one on the natural actomyosin of squid. Squid actin was found similar to the actins of rabbit, fish, and plasmodium actins in the ability to interact with vertebrate myosin. In contraction of the obliquely striated mantle muscle of squid, squid actin appears to be functionally similar to that of vertebrate striated muscle.View full abstractDownload PDF (851K) -
Tateo FUJII, Yuzaburo ISHIDA, Hajime KADOTA1977 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages 1241-1247
Published: October 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSChanges in the microflora of fish muscle homogenates during storage at low temperature were examined. It was found that TMA-producing bacteria belonging to the Vibrio-Aero-monas group became dominant in the homogenates without NaCl, while yeasts belonging to genus Torulopsis became dominant in the homogenates stored with 5% or 15% NaCl; the ratio in number of TMA-producing microorganisms to total number of viable microorganisms in the homogenate with NaCl decreased with the lapse of storage time. Such changes in microbial flora are thought to be one of the reasons why the amount of TMA in homogenates stored with NaCl at low temperature do not exceed the threshold value of spoilage.View full abstractDownload PDF (371K) -
Shigejiro YASUDA, Narihiko FUKAMIYA1977 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages 1249
Published: October 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (104K) -
Tomotoshi OKAICHI, Sachio NISHIO1977 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages 1251
Published: October 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (82K)
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