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Volume 43, Issue 11
Displaying 1-16 of 16 articles from this issue
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Mikio OGURI, Yôjiro OOSHIMA1977 Volume 43 Issue 11 Pages 1253-1257
Published: November 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTransfer experiments to sea water were conducted, using rainbow trout and goldfish, to investigate the early changes in plasma osmolality and sodium and chloride concentrations for 60 minutes after transfer. The results obtained are as follows. In rainbow trout, plasma osmolality increased and attained the highest lovel 15 minutes after immersion in sea water. Thereafter plasma osmolality gradually approached a little lower level. During this experimental period, changes in plasma sodium and chloride concentrations were not conspicuous and all fish survived. On the contrary, in goldfish direct transfer to sea water induced the death of all experimental fish. Average survival time was about 33 minutes. For this short period, plasma osmolality and also sodium and chloride concentrations increased remarkably and finally attained the levels of survival limitation.View full abstractDownload PDF (279K) -
Toshio SAKAMOTO, Ken-Ichi HAYASHI1977 Volume 43 Issue 11 Pages 1259-1268
Published: November 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBased upon 114, 000 specimens of prawns and shrimps collected by several small type trawlers from eight localities of the Kii Strait along Wakayama Prefecture, their species composition and comparative abundance as well as the population movement of some commercially important species are revealed. They consisted of 20 species of Penaeidae and 17 species of 6 caridean families. Of these, Metapenaeopsis palmensis is new to Japanese fauna, and Periclimenes tosaensis, Processa kotiensis and Nikoides sibogae prove to be recorded for the first time from the Kill Strait.
The dominant species is Trachypenaeus curvirostris in the northern part, Metapenaeopsis barbata from north to middle of the strait, M. palmensis in Tanabe Bay only and Plesionika izumiae in the central part of the strait. Other characteristic species, though not so common, occur in each locality.
The two dominant species, T. curvirostris and M. barbata, decrease in number from spring to summer, but there seem to be two peaks of the fluctuation of their catches. One peak appears from spring to summer and may depend upon an increase of the body weight and the other is probably caused by the new recruitments in autumn.View full abstractDownload PDF (694K) -
Kazumasa YOZA, Kozo NOMURA, Hideaki MIYAMOTO1977 Volume 43 Issue 11 Pages 1269-1272
Published: November 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLobsters are commonly caught by bottom-set gillnets in Japan, and the height of the net is rather low compared with other bottom-set gillnets.
Let N denote the number of lobsters caught by a certain mesh of a gillnet which is h in height above the sea bottom. Here the value of h is determined by h=l(n-1/2)√2s-s2, l being the mesh size of the gillnet used, h the number of mesh counted from the foot rope towards the head rope and s the coefficient of hanging given to the net.
The relationships between h and N obtained from the experiment were as follows:
The maximum catch of lobsters was obtained at the 3rd mesh which is about 19 cm high above the sea bottom and the relationships between h and N were LogN(%)=??.88+0.09 h and either Log N(%)=2.60-0.045 h or Log N(%)=2.78-0.055 h in accordance with changes in the value of h and the month experimented.
The maximum catch of top-shells was observed at the height of about 58 cm.
Although the catch of the lobster was strongly affected by the phase of moon, that of the top-shell was not influenced by the moon at all.View full abstractDownload PDF (212K) -
Estimation of the Spawning Season from the Monthly Changes of Gonad IndexYasuyuki HAYASHI1977 Volume 43 Issue 11 Pages 1273-1277
Published: November 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present paper is the first of a series to follow on the maturity and spawning habit of the red tilefish, Branchiostegus japonicus japonicus in the East China Sea. Samples of 2, 418 fish were collected for measurements from landings by bottom longliners, at the Fukuoka, the Fukuoka Central and the Shimonoseki Central fish markets from March 1973 to December 1976. Using the monthly changes of their gonad indices, the author examined the spawning season of the fish. The results obtained are summarized as follows;
1) On the whole, the spawning of the fish lasts for six months from June to November. A noticeable peak of the spawning appears twice a year in July and October for older females but in August and November for younger ones. It seems that older fish mature and spawn about one month earlier than yunger ones.
2) The biological minimum sizes are estimated at about 175mm for female and at about 225mm for male in body length.
3) A close inspection of the gonad indices by age group suggests that a part of females attain their first sexual maturity at age 1 and the remainder at age 2, a few of the males at age 2 and most of them at age 3 or later.View full abstractDownload PDF (325K) -
Spawning Activity of the Fish in the Southern Coral SeaEiji HANAMOTO1977 Volume 43 Issue 11 Pages 1279-1286
Published: November 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSData of weight and appearance of gonads have been collected from tuna and billfishes caught by Japanese research and training vessels engaged in tuna long line survey. The present study is based on these data of female striped marlin, Tetrapturus audax, fished in an area extending between lat. 15°S and 30°S, long. 150°E and 170°E in the southern Coral Sea during 1966 through 1975. An examination of the gonad index of striped marlin in this area revealed the following information:
1. The examination of data reveals the gonad index being 1 at the initial stage of development, and exceeding 2.1 during the matured stage.
2. The ovaries start to mature sometime in late September or early October.
3. In October, mature fish (adults with mature gonads) are still relatively few in waters south of lat. 20°S.
4. The principal spawning season is between November and December. The main spawning ground appears to coincide with the fishing ground which extends between lat. 20° and 30°S, and between long. 154° and 160°E. Mature fish comprise 60-70 percent of the catches made in the area during this season.
5. The minimum size of spawning fish was estimated at about 143cm in length (eye to fork of caudal fin).View full abstractDownload PDF (408K) -
Naomichi KUNISAKI, Hiroshi MATSUURA, Makoto HAYASHI1977 Volume 43 Issue 11 Pages 1287-1292
Published: November 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe formation of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) from trimegylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) which is one of constituents rich in marine fishes and nitrite which is a permitted additive to meat and fish products was studied both in vitro and with experimentally prepared fish sausages. In vitro, the amount of NDMA formed from TMAO and nitrite increased with decreasing pH of the reaction mixture, whereas that from dimethylamine and nitrite was optimal at pH 3.2-3.4.
The formation of NDMA was also promoted by raising the ratio of nitrite to TMAO and the reaction temperature. Fish sausages containing 800mg TMAO per 100g and various concentrations of nitrite from 50-2500ppm (as NO2-) at pH 6.5 were prepared in the laboratory and the amount of NDMA formed in these fish sausages were measured. In the presence of 50-500ppm NO2-, no detectable amount of NDMA was formed. Hower, approximately 0.9ppm NDMA was found in the sausage with 2500ppm NO2-.
In connection with NDMA formation during the manufactured processing of fish sausages in Japan, the use of nitrite at permissible concentrations of less than 50ppm as residual NO2- is acceptable from the food hygienical point of view.View full abstractDownload PDF (397K) -
Hiroshi KAWAUCHI, Takashi KOZURU, Shizuyuki OTA, Tateo SUZUKI1977 Volume 43 Issue 11 Pages 1293-1297
Published: November 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new neutral imino acid, named chordarine (C5H902NS) was isolated from an alcoholic extract of Heterochordaria abietina by ion exchange chromatography.
The chemical structure of chordarine was elucidated to be 1, 4-thiazane-3-carboxylic acid by means of proton magnetic resonance, mass and infrared spectrometry.
The configuration of the imino acid was proved to be L-form by comparison with a synthesized authentic sample using optical rotatory dispersion spectrometry.
The imino acid might be a precursor of yunaine, which also occurs in the alga.View full abstractDownload PDF (228K) -
“Arame” Eisenia bicylisTakahide SAITO, Naomichi ISO, Haruo MIZUNO, Susumu FUJII, Yasuo SUZUKI1977 Volume 43 Issue 11 Pages 1299-1305
Published: November 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSodium alginate was prepared as usual from “arame”, a brown seaweed Eisenia bicylis, and examined for solution properties. The number-average and the weight-average molec-ular weights of “arame” alginate were 12.2×104 and 40.0×104, respectively. The radius of gyration, RG, was changed from 1018Å at I=0 to 877Å at I=0.1. A small amount of precipitate was formed when I was raised to 0.5. A concentrated solution of the alginate exhibited thixotropic properties. The deviation from Newtonian behavior increased as the temperature was lowered, and as the concentration of alginate or salt was increased. From the results of viscometry, a three-dimensional structure of the alginate solution was suggested.View full abstractDownload PDF (359K) -
Michiko KONO, Kanehisa HASHIMOTO1977 Volume 43 Issue 11 Pages 1307-1312
Published: November 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAs a part of the studies on allosteric effectors for piscine hemoglobin (Hb), an assay of organic phosphates in the erythrocytes of 14 species of fishes was performed. The hemolyzate from washed red cells of each fish was extracted with trichloroacetic acid and the extract was chromatographed on a Bio-Rad AG 1X4 column.
ATP, ADP, and AMP were detected in all the fishes examined and, in addition, guanosine triphosphate (GTP) was detected in the majority of them. It was confirmed with several fishes that GTP exerts a stronger allosteric effect on the oxygen equilibrium of Hb than does ATP. The relative amounts of ATP and GTP in the erythrocytes differed widely among the fishes. Several fishes such as rainbow trout and right-eyed flounder had ATP exclusively, whereas the conger eel and the shark had some ATP and much more GTP. However, the ratio of ATP+GTP to Hb (mol/mol) was near unity in most of the fishes examined.View full abstractDownload PDF (350K) -
Serological Differentiation of Pathogenic Pythium StrainsYuji FUJITA, Buhei ZENITANI1977 Volume 43 Issue 11 Pages 1313-1318
Published: November 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA comparative study of Pythium strains causing laver red rot in Ariake Sea of Kyushu and in Tohoku was carried out serologically by preparing antisera against mycelia of Pythium sp. S1 from Ariake Sea and P. porphyrae M1 from Miyagi Prefecture of Tohoku. In agar-gel diffusion between the antisera and mycelial extract-antigens, 5 test strains from Ariake Sea were found to be related to 2 strains of P. porphyrae in general patterns. However, they could be distinguished from P. porphyrae by some differences in pattern and/or the number of precipitin lines, and closely resembled 2 strains from Fukushima Prefecture of Tohoku. Therefore, Pythium strains of laver red rot could be divided into two serological groups which corresponded with the groups based on morphology and physiology of the test strains. On the other hand, the two antisera did not cross-react with the antigens of terrestrial species, P. monospermum, P. debaryanum, P. aphanidermatum the P. spinosum. But one precipitin line was produced when the antigen of P. monospermum was tested with antiserum to Pythium sp. S1 indicating that P. monospermum morphologically resembles the strains from Ariake Sea rather than P. porphyrae.
The strains from Ariake Sea and Fukushima Prefecture were identified as P. porphyrae taxonomically, but the species was further subdivided into two groups, namely Ariake-Fukushima group and Miyagi group, based on serological and morphological characteristics.View full abstractDownload PDF (1673K) -
Chemical Compositions of Glycoproteins and GlycopeptideHironobu HASHIMOTO, Juji YOSHIMURA1977 Volume 43 Issue 11 Pages 1319-1325
Published: November 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSeveral glycoproteins were isolated under neutral conditions from the body-surface mucin of a fish, “Norogenge” Allolepis hollandi, purified and their chemical compositions examined. Pronase digestion of these glycoproteins gave two kinds of glycopeptides which were separated by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. The first and major component contained glucosamine, neutral sugars (galactose and mannose), N-acetylneuraminic acid, and aspartic acid in molar ratios of 3:2:6-7:1. This glycopeptide contained some other amino acids as well. The linkage between carbohydrate and protein was deuced to be of the N-glycosidic type between asparagine and glucosamine.View full abstractDownload PDF (419K) -
The Site of Copper Accumulation in the Tissues of CarpYoshikazu YAMAMOTO, Tomochika ISHII, Shizunori IKEDA1977 Volume 43 Issue 11 Pages 1327-1332
Published: November 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe site of copper accumulation was investigated in carp exposed to 0.1ppm copper solution for 2 weeks. Ceruloplasmin and direct-reacting copper contents in the serum of copper-exposed carp significantly increased as compared to those of normal carp. By copper loading, a statistically apparent increase of copper content was observed in the hepatopancreas, gills, intestine and kidney. Among these tissues, the highest copper content was found in the hepatopancreas. In the hepatopancreas, more than 70% of the copper was found in the supernatant fraction. Litlle, if any, copper was found in the ultrafiltrate from the supernatant treated with DIAFLO UM-2 membrane. Sephadex G-75 gel filtration analysis of the supernatant fraction demonstrated that the most part of copper accumulated in the hepatopancreas was bound to the relatively lower molecular weight protein.View full abstractDownload PDF (328K) -
Behavior of Histamine for Increase in Cathepsin D Activity and the Mechanism of Accumulation of HistamineShigeo OTAKE, Yoshiaki ENOMOTO, Shun-ichi NAGANO, Masahiro ISHIKAWA, K ...1977 Volume 43 Issue 11 Pages 1333-1340
Published: November 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the previous paper, it was noted that in the stomach of mackerel administered Lhistamine, the activity of pepsin was higher than in the untreated controls. Moreover, the tissues and the muscles were more readily broken or swollen in the mackerel administered Lhistamine than in the untreated controls.
The present study was carried out to determine whether or not histamine was a gastric secretory substance in mackerel, and whether or not it directly stimulated cathepsin D activity in the tissues of this fish, as well as to obtain data on the accumulation of histamine.
Whether histamine was administered through the stomach or the bulbus arterosus, the same tendency was observed. That is in the administered mackerel there was an increase in cathepsin D activity in the muscle, spleen and liver, and compared with the untreated control. Histamine could not affect a direct increase in cathepsin D activity in the muscles or tissues. The phenomena mentioned above were confirmed by administration with pepsin solution into the stomach. The determination of the fraction indicating the highest activities of histamine-producting and -decomposing emzymes was carried out by ammonium sulfate precipitation.
A mechanism for the accumulation of histamine in mackerel was discussedView full abstractDownload PDF (444K) -
Minoru OHTA, Sachio MOTEGI, Kazuo UEDA, Hiromi TANAKA1977 Volume 43 Issue 11 Pages 1341-1349
Published: November 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSElution of vinylidene chloride monomer into water and edible oil from polyvinylidene chloride film has been studied.
Due to diffusion control in the early stage of elution, the maximum elution rate into food is 50 percent.
Vinylidene chloride monomer which has eluted into edible oil remains unchanged after 3 months storage at 50°C, however, monomer which has eluted into water decreases gradually until practically no monomer can be found after 3 days storage at 50°C and after 3 months storage at room temperature.
If the tolerable level of the monomer in food is assumed to be 0.1ppm, the maximum allowable monomer level in film (50 μ. thick) is 12ppm.View full abstractDownload PDF (368K) -
Tuneo KONAGAYA1977 Volume 43 Issue 11 Pages 1351
Published: November 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (749K) -
Shugo WATEBE, Koichi KANNA, Taneko SUZUKI1977 Volume 43 Issue 11 Pages 1353
Published: November 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1125K)
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